1、Designation: D 6813 02a (Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Guide forPerformance Evaluation of Hydraulic Fluids for PistonPumps1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6813; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the establishment of test protocols andmethodologies for determ
3、ining the suitability of fluids for usein fluid power systems that incorporate axial or radial pistonpumps. The suitability of all fluid types to meet specific levelsof performance in piston pumps is addressed. These fluidsinclude, but are not limited to formulations based on mineral,synthetic or ve
4、getable oil base stocks. The finished fluids maybe in the form of straight oils, soluble oils or invert emulsions.1.2 The test protocols and methodologies described in thisguide have been selected for their ability to distinguishbetween highly acceptable, acceptable and unacceptable fluidperformance
5、 in piston pumps. They take into account the broadrange of operating conditions piston pumps are subjected to, aswell as the common variations in design and materials ofconstruction among pump manufacturers.1.3 This guide is intended to complement proprietary testprotocols and methodologies employed
6、 by some piston pumpmanufacturers. The test protocols and methodologies withinthis guide may help pump manufacturers, fluid formulators andend users accurately screen potential fluids for specific perfor-mance characteristics. The results of this screening may besufficient in certain instances for p
7、ump manufacturers to foregorequirements for additional fluid performance tests.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and dete
8、rmine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBitum
9、inous Materials by DistillationD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 482 Test Met
10、hod for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed AnilinePoint of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil i
11、n the Presence of WaterD 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD 877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage ofInsulating Liquids Using Disk ElectrodesD 892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubri-cating OilsD 943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics o
12、f Inhib-ited Mineral OilsD 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD 1121 Test Method for Reserve Alkalinity of EngineCoolants and AntirustsD 1123 Test Methods for Water in Engine Coolant Concen-trate by the Karl Fischer Reagent MethodD 1169 Test Method for Specific Resi
13、stance (Resistivity) ofElectrical Insulating LiquidsD 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD 1401 Test Method for Water Separability of PetroleumOils and Synthetic FluidsD 1500 Test Method
14、 for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (ASTM Color Scale)1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.N0.07on Lubricating Properties.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008.
15、Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 681302a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
16、onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids byCoulometric Karl Fischer TitrationD 2070 Test Method forThermal Stability of Hydraulic OilsD 2270 Practice for Ca
17、lculating Viscosity Index from Kine-matic Viscosity at 40 and 100CD 2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-bine Oils by Rotating Pressure VesselD 2273 Test Method for Trace Sediment in Lubricating OilsD 2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants byViscosity SystemD 2619 Test M
18、ethod for Hydrolytic Stability of HydraulicFluids (Beverage Bottle Method)D 2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Avia-tion and Distillate FuelsD 2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of LiquidsD 2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and SolidsD 2783 Test Method for Measuremen
19、t of Extreme-PressureProperties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)D 2879 Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Rela-tionship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liquidsby IsoteniscopeD 2882 Test Method for Indicating Wear Characteristics ofPetroleum and Non-Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids
20、 in Con-stant Volume Vane Pump3D 2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity ofLubricants Measured by Brookfield ViscometerD 3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petro-leum OilsD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 4172 Test Method for W
21、ear Preventive Characteristics ofLubricating Fluid (Four-Ball Method)D 4293 Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids forTurbine LubricationD 4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD 4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging andCorrosion Tenden
22、cies of Inhibited Mineral OilsD 5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing LoadCapacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)D 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively C
23、oupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5534 Test Method for Vapor-Phase Rust-PreventingCharacteristics of Hydraulic FluidsD 5621 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of HydraulicFluidsD 6006 Guide for Assessing Biodegradability of HydraulicFluidsD 6046 Classification of Hydraulic Flui
24、ds for Environmen-tal ImpactD 6080 Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristicsof Hydraulic FluidsD 6158 Specification for Mineral Hydraulic OilsD 6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer TitrationD 6376 T
25、est Method for Determination of Trace Metals inPetroleum Coke by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluores-cence SpectroscopyD 6546 Test Methods for and Suggested Limits for Deter-mining Compatibility of Elastomer Seals for IndustrialHydraulic Fluid ApplicationsD 6547 Test Method for Corrosiveness of Lubr
26、icating Fluidto Bimetallic CoupleD 6595 Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals andContaminants in Used Lubricating Oils or Used HydraulicFluids by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spec-trometryE70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass ElectrodeE 203 Test Method forWater
27、UsingVolumetric Karl FischerTitrationE 659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of LiquidChemicalsF 312 Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and CountingParticles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters2.2 AFNOR Standards:4AFNOR NF E48-690 Hydraulic Fluid Power. Fluids. Mea-surement of Filter
28、ability of Mineral OilsAFNOR NF E48-691 Hydraulic Fluid Power. Fluids. Mea-surement of Filterability of Minerals Oils in the Presenceof WaterAFNOR NF E48-692 Hydraulic Fluid Power. Fluids. Mea-surement of Filterability of HFC and HFD Class FireResistant Fluids2.3 ANSI (NFPA) Standards:5ANSI/(NFPA) S
29、tandard T2.13.7R1-1996 Hydraulic FluidPowerPetroleum FluidsPrediction of Bulk ModuliANSI/Standard NFPA/JIC T2.24.1-1990 Hydraulic FluidPowerSystems Standard for Stationary Industrial Ma-chineryANSI/(NFPA) Standard T3.9.20-1992 Hydraulic FluidPowerPumpsMethod of Testing and Presenting BasicPerformanc
30、e Data for Pressure Compensated PumpsANSI/(NFPA) Standard T3.9.33-1997 Hydraulic FluidPowerPumpsMethod of Testing and Presenting BasicPerformance Data for Load Sensing PumpsANSI/(NFPA) Standard T3.16.2-R1-1997 Hydraulic FluidPowerDesign for Nonintegral Industrial Reservoirs2.4 CETOP Standard:CETOP R
31、P 67H Antiwear Vane Pump Test for HydraulicFluids63Withdrawn.4Available from AFNOR, Administration des Ventes, 11, avenue Francis dePressensi, 93571 Saint-Denis La Plaine Cedex.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.6Per the CETOP w
32、ebsite, this standard is no longer available for purchase andis officially withdrawn. Most CETOP technical documents have been replaced byISO standards over the years (a cross-reference list is available from CETOP). Thisstandard will be retained pending completion of work in CEN/TC19/WG28.D 6813 02
33、a (2007)22.5 DIN Standards:7DIN 51348 Testing of Fire Resistant Governor Fluids;Determination of Hydrolytic StabilityDIN 51373 Testing of Fire Resistant Governor Fluids;Determination of Oxidative Stability Including Evaluationof Catalyst PlatesDIN 51389/2 Determination of Lubricants; MechanicalTesti
34、ng of Hydraulic Fluids in the Vane-Cell-Pump;Method A for Anhydrous Hydraulic FluidsDIN 51389/3 Determination of Lubricants; MechanicalTesting of Hydraulic Fluids in the Vane-Cell-PumpPart3: Method B for Aqueous Not Easily Inflammable Hy-draulic FluidsDIN 51515, Part 1 Lubricants and Governor Fluids
35、 forSteam Turbines; L-TD Lubricating Oils and GovernorOils; Minimum RequirementsDIN 51554, Part 3 Testing of Mineral Oils; Test of Suscep-tibility to Aging According to Baader; Testing at 95C2.6 Energy Institute Standard:8IP 281 Determination of Anti-Wear Properties of HydraulicFluidsVane Pump Metho
36、d2.7 ISO Standards:9ISO 4021 Hydraulic Fluid PowerParticulate Contamina-tionAnalysisExtraction of Fluid Samples From Lines ofan Operating SystemISO 4402 Hydraulic Fluid PowerCalibration ofAutomatic-Count Instruments for Particles Suspended inLiquidsMethod Using Classified AC Fine Test DustContaminan
37、tISO 4404 Petroleum and Related ProductsDeterminationof the Corrosion Resistance of Water-Containing Fire-Resistant Fluids for Hydraulic SystemsISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluidsMethod forCoding The Level of Contamination by Solid ParticlesISO 4407 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluid ContaminationDetermina
38、tion of Particulate Contamination by the Count-ing Method Using a MicroscopeISO 5884 AerospaceFluid Systems and ComponentsMethods for System Sampling and Measuring the SolidParticle Contamination of Hydraulic FluidsISO 6073 Petroleum ProductsPrediction of the BulkModuli of Petroleum Fluids Used in H
39、ydraulic PowerSystemsISO 6743/4 Part 4: Family H (Hydraulic Systems), Lubri-cants, Industrial Oils and Related Products (Class L) :Classification Part 4: Family H (Hydraulic Systems)ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid PowerCalibration of Auto-matic Particle Counters for LiquidsISO 12922 Lubricants, Industrial
40、 Oils and Related Products(Class L)Family H (Hydraulic Systems)Specifications for Categories HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC,HFDR and HFDUISO 13357-2 Part 2: Petroleum ProductsDetermination ofthe Filterability of Lubricating OilsPart 2: Procedure forDry OilsISO 14935 Petroleum and Related ProductsDetermination
41、 of Wick Flame Persistence of Fire-Resistant FluidsISO 15029 Petroleum and Related ProductsDetermination of Spray Ignition Characteristics of Fire-Resistant FluidsPart I: Spray Flame PersistenceHollow Cone Nozzle Method2.8 LUX Standard:10LUX 5.9 Determination of the Corrosion Inhibiting Proper-ties
42、of Fluids, Requirements for Tests Applicable toFire-Resistant Fluids Used for Power Transmission andControl (Hydrostatic and Hydrokinetic), April, 19942.9 SAE Standards:11SAE J745 SurfaceVehicle Recommended Practice, Hydrau-lic Power Pump Test ProcedureSAE J1276 MAR86 Standardized Fluid for Hydrauli
43、c Com-ponent Tests3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abrasive wearwear due to hard particles, includingwear debris or fluid contaminants, or hard protuberances forcedagainst and moving along a hard surface.3.1.2 axial piston pumpin the axial piston pump, thepiston
44、s are positioned axially, parallel to the driveshaft, andtheir reciprocating motion is caused by an inclined swash plateas illustrated in Fig. 1.3.1.3 bent axis piston pumpin the bent axis piston pump,the axis of the cylinder barrel is held at a fixed angle relativeto the centerline of the driveshaf
45、t as illustrated in Fig. 2.3.1.4 biodegradablecapable of undergoing decomposi-tion into carbon dioxide, methane, water, inorganic com-pounds, or biomass in which the predominant mechanism is theenzymatic action of microorganisms that can be measured bystandardized tests, in a specific period of time
46、, reflectingavailable disposal conditions.3.1.5 biomassany material, excluding fossil fuels, whichis or was a living organism that can be used as a fuel. Peanuthulls, agricultural waste, corn and other grains, and sugar areall examples of biomass.3.1.6 case drainageleakage from around piston clear-a
47、nces and control valves to the case drain port in the pumphousing which returns fluid to the reservoir.3.1.7 cycled volumecycled volume testing subjects a hy-draulic pump or component to repeated pulses of volume flowfrom a predetermined minimum to a maximum flow at aconstant pressure.3.1.8 delivery
48、the flow output per unit time expressed inlitres per minute (L/min) or in gallons per minute (gal/min).3.1.9 displacement (geometrical)the volume of hydraulicfluid that is transported through the hydraulic pump during a7Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN- DIN Deutsches Institut furNormung e.V.),
49、Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany.8Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.9Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.10Available from European Safety and Health Commission for the Mining andOther Extractive Industries, Doc. No. 4746/10/91, EN, Luxembourg.11Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.D 6813 02a (2007)3
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