1、Designation: D6817/D6817M 15Standard Specification forRigid Cellular Polystyrene Geofoam1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6817/D6817M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the types, physical propertiesand dimensions of rigid cellular polystyrene intended for use asgeofoam.1.2 Th
3、is specification does not cover the layout, placementand workmanship for proper installation and performance ofrigid cellular polystyrene geofoam.1.3 Rigid cellular polystyrene geofoam covered by thisspecification may need protection from certain chemicals,environmental exposure, and concentrated lo
4、ads. Additionaldesign considerations may include thermal conductivity andbuoyancy. Guidelines regarding these end use considerationsare included in Appendix X1.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may n
5、ot be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibili
6、ty of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties ofThermal InsulationsC203 Test Methods for B
7、reaking Load and Flexural Proper-ties of Block-Type Thermal InsulationC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC578 Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene ThermalInsulatio
8、nD1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidCellular PlasticsD1622/D1622M Test Method for Apparent Density of RigidCellular PlasticsD2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum OxygenConcentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion ofPlastics (Oxygen Index)D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
9、E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology D4439.3.1.2 geofoamblock or planar
10、 rigid cellular foam poly-meric material used in geotechnical engineering applications.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 EPS, XXnumber designation for expanded polysty-rene geofoam type(s) having a minimum density of XX kg/m3lb/ft3.3.2.2 RCPSletter designation for EPS and XPS
11、rigidcellular polystyrene geofoam covered by this specification.3.2.3 XPS, XXnumber designation for extruded polysty-rene geofoam type(s) having a minimum density of XX kg/m3lb/ft3.4. Ordering Information4.1 Acquisition documents shall specify the following:4.1.1 Title, number and year of this speci
12、fication.4.1.2 Type, as per Table 1.4.1.3 Total product volume required of each type.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 RCPS geofoam shall be formed by the expansion ofpolystyrene resin beads or granules in a molding process (EPS)or by the expansion of polystyrene base resin in an extrusion1This specif
13、ication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-ability and Filtration.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6817/D
14、6817M13a.DOI: 10.1520/D6817_D6817M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM Internat
15、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1process (XPS). RCPS geofoam may be manufactured withreprocessed polystyrene foam (regrind).5.2 RCPS geofoam shall be of uniform density and haveessentially closed cells. RCPS geofoam is an organic materialand
16、is considered combustible. It should not be exposed toflames or other ignition sources.6. Qualification Requirements6.1 The physical properties listed in Table 1 constitute theminimum product qualification requirements for commonlymanufactured types of RCPS geofoam. The compressive resis-tance at 1
17、% strain is typically within the elastic limit of thegeofoam product types in Table 1 and is accepted as thecompressive resistance to limit long-term deformation understructural load.6.2 RCPS Geofoam TypesIt is the users responsibility tospecify the required type as in Table 1 and to obtain supporti
18、ngdocumentation regarding physical properties from the materialsupplier.6.3 Combustibility RequirementsAll RCPS geofoam shallcontain sufficient flame retardants to meet a minimum OxygenIndex as required in Table 1.6.4 CuringUnless otherwise specified in the contract,RCPS geofoam shall be cured for a
19、 minimum of 24 h beforedelivery and inspection.7. Availability and Dimensional Tolerance7.1 AvailabilityThe RCPS geofoam materials covered bythis specification are commonly available in the size rangeshown in Table 2. Specific RCPS geofoam block dimensionsvary by manufacturer equipment characteristi
20、cs.7.2 Dimensional ToleranceUnless otherwise specified, theacceptable length, width, thickness, flatness and squarenesstolerance criteria on RCPS geofoam shall not exceed 60.5 %.8. Damage and Degradation8.1 DamageRCPS geofoam as delivered to the project siteshall have no defects that will adversely
21、affect its service andworkability qualities. Material units that manifest unacceptablesurface or volumetric damage shall be replaced.8.1.1 Surface DamageDamage to load bearing RCPSgeofoam surfaces shall be limited to less than 20 % of theequivalent load bearing area of the unit.8.1.2 Volume DamageVo
22、lumetric damage of RCPS geo-foam shall be limited to less than 1 % of the volume of a singleunit.8.1.3 UV (Ultra-Violet) DegradationDiscoloration anddusting of RCPS geofoam caused by the extensive exposure tosunlight is a defect that will adversely affect its service and isgrounds for rejection. Ref
23、er to X1.6.9. Inspection9.1 SamplingUnless otherwise specified in the purchaseorder or contract, the material shall be sampled for inspectionin accordance with Practice C390.9.2 WeightDetermine the weight of selected full size unitsin accordance with Test Method D1622/D1622M, or as speci-fied.9.3 Di
24、mensionsVerify specified dimensions andtolerances, as prescribed in Test Method D1622/D1622M and7.2 of this specification.9.4 DensityCompute the density of test samples in accor-dance with Test Method D1622/D1622M.10. Acceptance or Rejection10.1 Material that fails to conform to this specification s
25、hallbe rejected promptly in writing. The manufacturer or suppliershall have the right to re-inspect the rejected shipment andresubmit selected units for acceptance under tightened inspec-tion.11. Certification11.1 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order orcontract, the manufacturer or suppl
26、ier shall furnish third partyTABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements of RCPS GeofoamAType EPS12 EPS15 EPS19 EPS22 EPS29 EPS39 EPS46 XPS20 XPS21 XPS26 XPS29 XPS36 XPS48Density, min.,kg/m3lb/ft311.20.7014.40.9018.41.1521.61.3528.81.8038.42.4045.72.8519.21.2020.81.3025.61.6028.81.8035.22.2048.03.00Compr
27、essiveResistance,min., kPa psiat 1 % strain152.2253.6405.8507.37510.910315.012818.6202.9355.17510.910515.216023.228040.6FlexuralStrength, min.,kPa psi6910.017225.020730.02403534550.041460.051775.027640.027640.034550.041460.051775.0689100.0Oxygen index,min.,volume %24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0
28、24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0AFor products that have an external skin, testing shall be undertaken with skins intact.TABLE 2 Common Manufactured Dimensions of RCPS GeofoamDimension,mm in.All EPS Types All XPS TypesWidth 305 to 1219 12 to 48 406 to 1219 16 to 48Length 1219 to 4877 48 to1921219 to 274
29、3 48 to108Thickness 25 to 1219 1 to 48 25 to 102 1 to 4D6817/D6817M 152certification that representative material has either been testedor inspected as directed in the specification and the require-ments have been met. When specified in the purchase order orcontract, a report of the test results sha
30、ll be furnished.12. Product Marking12.1 The following shall be marked on each whole unit ofproduct:12.1.1 Manufacturers Identification,12.1.2 Date of Manufacture,12.1.3 Type, (See Table 1).13. Test Methods13.1 Conditioning:13.1.1 Samples shall be conditioned at a standard laboratorytemperature of 23
31、 6 2C 73.4 6 4F for a minimum of 24 hprior to the start of tests.13.2 Dimensions and DensityTest in accordance with TestMethod C303 or Test Method D1622/D1622M.13.3 Compressive ResistanceTest in accordance with TestMethod C165 or Test Method D1621 using 50 mm 2 in.cubes. The rate of cross-head movem
32、ent shall be 5.0 6 0.5mm/min 0.2 6 0.02 in./min equivalent to 10 % strain perminute.13.4 Flexural StrengthTest in accordance with TestMethod C203.13.5 Oxygen IndexTest in accordance with Test MethodD2863.14. Precision and Bias314.1 The precision of this test method is based on aninterlaboratory stud
33、y of 13.3 of Specification D6817, con-ducted in 2011.Atotal of seven laboratories participated in thisstudy, testing three materials at 1 %, 5 %, and 10 % compres-sive resistance. Each “test result” reported represents anindividual determination, and all participants were asked toreport five test re
34、sults for each area tested. Practice E691 wasfollowed for the design and analysis of the data; the details aregiven in ASTM Research Report No. RR: D35-1014.14.1.1 Repeatability limit (r)Two test results obtainedwithin one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “r”
35、value for that material; “r” is theinterval representing the critical difference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day in the samelaboratory.14.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Tables 3-5.14.1.2 Reproducibility li
36、mit (R)Two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the criticaldifference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators using different equipment indifferent laboratories.
37、14.1.2.1 Reproducibility limits are listed in Tables 3-5.14.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.14.1.4 Any judgment made in accordance with statements14.1.1 and 14.1.2 would have an approximate 95 % probabilityof being correct.1
38、4.2 BiasAs there were no available standard referencematerials at the time of this study, bias cannot be determined.14.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 315 test results, submitted by sevenlaboratories, recording compressive resistance measurementsof three
39、materials.14.3.1 The three materials were all described as expandedpolystyrene.14.4 To judge the equivalency of two test results, it isrecommended to choose the material that is closest in charac-teristics to the test material.15. Keywords15.1 block; board; cellular polystyrene; EPS; expandedpolysty
40、rene; extruded polystyrene; foam plastic; geofoam;RCPS; reprocessed; rigid cellular polystyrene; XPS3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D35-1014.TABLE 3 Compressive Resistance at1%(units)MaterialAverageA_xRepeatabili
41、tyStandardDeviationSrReproducibilityStandardDeviationSRRepeatabilityLimitrReproducibilityLimitRA 4.564 0.333 0.647 0.933 1.812B 9.855 0.381 1.144 1.068 3.203C 21.591 0.850 2.310 2.379 6.467AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.TABLE 4 Compressive Resistance at5%(units)MaterialAverageA
42、_xRepeatabilityStandardDeviationSrReproducibilityStandardDeviationSRRepeatabilityLimitrReproducibilityLimitRA 11.021 0.480 0.631 1.344 1.767B 19.956 0.454 0.527 1.270 1.474C 42.664 0.932 1.152 2.610 3.226AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.TABLE 5 Compressive Resistance at 10 % (uni
43、ts)MaterialAverageA_xRepeatabilityStandardDeviationSrReproducibilityStandardDeviationSRRepeatabilityLimitrReproducibilityLimitRA 12.660 0.532 0.701 1.490 1.962B 22.051 0.510 0.609 1.427 1.705C 46.705 1.080 1.343 3.023 3.760AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.D6817/D6817M 153APPENDIX
44、(Nonmandatory Information)X1. END-USE CONSIDERATIONSX1.1 Thermal ResistanceX1.1.1 RCPS geofoam also functions as a thermal insula-tion. The thermal insulation properties of RCPS geofoam are asspecified in Specification C578, and may impact the end usedesign of applications subject to different expos
45、ure conditions.Consult the RCPS geofoam manufacturer for specific recom-mendations.X1.2 Solvent ExposureX1.2.1 RCPS geofoam must be protected from petroleumbased solvents and their vapors. Examples of these solventsare: gasoline, diesel fuel, concrete curing compound, coal tarpitch, and asphaltic ma
46、stic compounds.X1.3 Equipment TrafficX1.3.1 Equipment traffic that can impose contact pressuresin excess of the allowable design stress for RCPS geofoamshould be restricted. Protective materials such as sheathing orplanks may be placed on the material to allow light rubber-tiredequipment use.X1.4 Bu
47、oyancyX1.4.1 RCPS geofoam becomes buoyant when submergedin water and adequate ballast must be provided to resistexpected uplift forces.X1.5 DesignX1.5.1 The design and installation of RCPS geofoam is theresponsibility of the user.X1.5.2 RCPS geofoam can be supplied precut to specifieddimensions to f
48、it specific project needs. Desired shapes andsizes can also be field cut with a hot wire, saw, or other cuttingtool.X1.6 Ultra-Violet DegradationX1.6.1 Discoloration and dusting of load bearing surfacesof RCPS geofoam caused by extended exposure to sunlightshall be removed by pressure washing.X1.7 C
49、ompressive Resistance at 5 % and 10 % StrainX1.7.1 The compressive resistance properties in Table X1.1are provided for application where compressive resistancerequirements for intended end use applications are beyond theelastic limit of geofoam.NOTE X1.1The application of sustained load to geofoam beyond theelastic limit will result in significant deflections beyond the valuesprovided in Table X1.1.ASTM International takes no position respecting
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