1、Designation: D 6823 02An American National StandardStandard Specification forCommercial Boiler Fuels With Used Lubricating Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification
3、covers four grades of fuel oil made ofat least 25 % used lubricating oils. The four grades of fuel areintended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning industrialequipment and commercial boilers under various climatic andoperating conditions. These fuels are not intended for use inresidential he
4、aters.1.1.1 Grades RFC4, RFC5L, RFC5H and RFC6 are usedlubricating oil blends of increasing viscosity, with or withoutmiddle distillate or residual fuel oil, or both, that are intendedfor use in industrial burners and commercial boilers equippedto handle these types of fuels. This specification is f
5、orapplications where Specification D 6448 would not meet theperformance or other requirements of the burner or boiler inquestion.NOTE 1For information on the significance of the terminology andtest methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for
6、 the purchaseof fuel oils derived from used lubricating oil and for theguidance of consumers of such fuels. This specification doesnot address the frequency with which any particular test mustbe run.1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observanceof national or local regulations which can
7、 be more restrictive.In some jurisdictions, used oil is considered a hazardous wasteand fuels derived from used oil are required to meet certaincriteria before use as a fuel.NOTE 2For U.S. federal requirements imposed on used oil generators,transporters and transfer facilities, reprocessors, markete
8、rs, and burners,see U.S. Federal Code 40 CFR 279.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more informa-tion on the subject, see Guide D 4865.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. T
9、he values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester2D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup Tester2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by Distill
10、ation2D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products2D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)2D 240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter2D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils2D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of
11、Transparentand Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)2D 473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and FuelOils by the Extraction Method2D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products2D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Titration2D 974 Test Meth
12、od for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration2D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)2D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer Method2D 1552 Test Method for Sul
13、fur in Petroleum Products(High-Temperature Method)2D 1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)2D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry2D 2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature
14、Viscosity ofLubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer2D 3228 Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oilsand Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl Method21This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subc
15、ommitteeD02.P0 on Recycled Petroleum Products.Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2002. Published November 2002.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 3245 Test Method for Pumpabilit
16、y of Industrial FuelOils3D 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedTester3D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density Meter3D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumPr
17、oducts, and Lubricants3D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometry3D 4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petro-leum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/I
18、nlet Oxidative Combus-tion and Chemiluminescence Detection3D 4865 Guide for the Generation and Dissipation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems3D 4868 Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heatof Combustion of Burner and Diesel Fuels3D 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive E
19、le-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)3D 5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination ofCarbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Productsand Lubric
20、ants3D 5384 Test Methods for Chlorine in Used PetroleumProducts (Field Test Kit Method)4D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of LiquidSamples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products4D 6160 Test Method for Determination of PolychlorinatedBiphenyls (PCBs) in Waste Materials by Gas Chromatog-raphy4D 644
21、8 Specification for Industrial Burner Fuels from UsedLubricating Oils5D 6450 Test Method for Flash Point by ContinuouslyClosed Cup (CCCFP) Tester52.2 ISO Standard:6ISO 8217 Petroleum ProductsFuel (Class F)Specifica-tions for Marine Fuels2.3 Government Standards:U.S. Federal Code CFR 761.37U.S. Feder
22、al Code 40 CFR 279 Standards for the Manage-ment of Used Oil7USEPA SW-84683. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 burner fuel oil, nany petroleum liquid suitable forthe generation of heat by combustion in a furnace or firebox asa vapor or a spray, or a combination of both.3.1.1.1 DiscussionDifferent gra
23、des are characterized pri-marily by viscosity ranges.3.1.2 reclaiming, nthe use of cleaning methods duringrecycling primarily to remove insoluble contaminants, thusmaking the oil suitable for further use. The methods mayinclude settling, heating, dehydration, filtration, and centrifug-ing.3.1.3 recy
24、cling, nin petroleum technology, the acquisitionof oil that has become unsuitable for its intended use, andprocessing it in order to regain useful materials.3.1.4 re-refining, nthe use of refining processes duringrecycling to produce high quality base stocks for lubricants orother petroleum products
25、. Re-refining may include distillation,hydrotreating, or treatments employing acid, caustic, solvent,clay, or both, or other chemicals, or a combination thereof.3.1.5 used oil, nin petroleum product recycling, oil whosecharacteristics have changed since being originally manufac-tured, and which is s
26、uitable for recycling.3.1.6 waste oil, nin petroleum technology, oil havingcharacteristics making it unsuitable either for further use or foreconomic recycling.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 commercial boiler, nindirect heating units whichtransfer thermal energy to water or
27、 other fluids or gases for usein heating and having a heat input between 0.3 to 10 3 106BTU/h.3.2.2 industrial burner, na device which produces heatfor industrial use through the combustion of liquid hydrocar-bon fuels.3.2.2.1 DiscussionIndustrial burners are typically de-signed for one of two appli
28、cations: (1) industrial furnacesintegral components of manufacturing processes that providedirect heating; for example, in aggregate, cement, lime, orphosphate kilns; coke ovens; or blast, smelting, melting,refining, or drying ovens and (2) industrial boilerslargeindirect heating units which transfe
29、r thermal energy to water orother fluids or gases for use in heating in industrial settings andin manufacturing processes. These boilers can be classified asutility/large industrial boilers with a heat input greater than 1003 106BTU/h or small industrial boilers with a heat input ofbetween 10 to 100
30、 3 106BTU/h.3.2.3 reprocessing, nin petroleum product recycling, thepreparation of used oil to be suitable as a fuel.3.2.3.1 DiscussionReprocessing includes procedures suchas settling, filtration, blending, distillation, or chemical treat-ment.3.3 For definitions of other terms used in this specific
31、ation,refer to Terminology D 4175.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.7National Archives and Records Ad
32、ministration, Code of Federal Regulations.Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 (www.access.g-po.gov).8Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ArielRios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylv
33、ania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460 (www.epa.gov).D68230224. Significance and Use4.1 The intention of this specification is to cover fuel oilused in industrial equipment and commercial boilers as statedin the Scope section. The use of used lube oil in marine andindustrial diesel engines is a content
34、ious issue. A major marinefuel oil specification is ISO 8217. Fuel oils manufacturedagainst this standard may also meet the requirements ofISO 8217 and can be used in marine diesel engine operationsprovided compliance to ISO 8217 is demonstrated.5. Classification5.1 There are four grades of burner f
35、uel containing recycledlubricating oils covered by this specification. These grades mayor may not correlate directly with similar grades in otherASTM standards. The RFC designation identifies them asrecycled fuel oil, commercial boilers. The usage descriptions ofeach grade may not describe all the u
36、ses, but are included asgeneral information. The four grades are described as follows:5.1.1 Grade RFC4Primarily a blend of used lubricatingoils and middle distillate or a reprocessed distillate productderived from used oil. It is intended for use in pressureatomizing industrial burners or commercial
37、 boilers with nopre-heating. This grade of recycled oil fuel is used in manymedium capacity industrial burners and commercial boilerswhere ease of handling justifies the higher cost over the heavierused oil fuels.5.1.2 Grade RFC5LA blend of a used lubricating oil or areprocessed product from used oi
38、l and middle distillate orresidual fuel of intermediate viscosity heavier than RFC4. It isintended for use both in pressure-atomizing industrial burnersand commercial boilers not requiring higher cost middledistillates and in burners and commercial boilers equipped toatomize fuel oils of higher visc
39、osity with or without pre-heating. Its permissible viscosity range allows it to be pumpedand atomized at relatively low-storage temperatures.5.1.3 Grade RFC5HA used lubricating oil and residualblend fuel, heavier than Grade RFC5L. It is intended for use inindustrial burners and commercial boilers eq
40、uipped with de-vices that atomize fuel oil of higher viscosity. Preheating maybe necessary in some types of equipment for burning and incolder climates for handling.5.1.4 Grade RFC6A high-viscosity used lubricating oiland fuel heavier than Grade RFC5H. It is intended for use inlarge industrial heate
41、rs and boilers and may require preheatingin the storage tank to permit pumping. Additional preheating atthe burner may be necessary to permit satisfactory atomization.The extra equipment and maintenance required to handle thisfuel usually preclude its use in small installations.6. General Requiremen
42、ts6.1 The fuel oils specified herein shall contain a minimumof 25 % volume of used lubricating oil-derived products, thebalance being a Specification D 396 fuel oil or suitable refinerystocks.6.2 The fuel oils shall be homogeneous fluids consistingprimarily of hydrocarbons. RFC shall remain homogene
43、ousand uniform in storage and shall not separate by gravity oraging into layers in normal operating conditions.NOTE 4Prolonged storage or equipment down time may necessitatecirculation of the fuel oil in-tank to prevent such separation.6.3 The fuel oil shall not contain excessive amounts oforganic o
44、r inorganic acids, or both, and shall be free of solid orfibrous matter that could cause system handling or maintenanceproblems. The buyer and seller should agree on any require-ments for particle size.NOTE 5The fuels defined by this specification are appropriate forburners capable of handling and c
45、ombusting fuels with potentially highermetals and ash content.7. Detailed Requirements7.1 Grade RFC4The requirements for this type of fuel arepresented in Table 1 and include fuels in the viscosity rangebelow 5 mm2/s (cSt) at 100C according to Test Method D 445.7.2 Grade RFC5LThe requirements for th
46、is type of fuelare presented in Table 1 and include fuels in the viscosity range5.0 to 8.9 mm2/s (cSt) at 100C according to Test MethodD 445.7.3 Grade RFC5HThe requirements for this type of fuelare presented in Table 1 and include fuels in the viscosity range9.0 to 14.9 mm2/s (cSt) at 100C according
47、 to Test MethodD 445.7.4 Grade RFC6The requirements for this type of fuel arepresented in Table 1 and include fuels in the viscosity range15.0 to 50.0 mm2/s (cSt) at 100C according to Test MethodD 445.NOTE 6Refer to X1.3. Viscosity measurements may be provided/agreed to other than the above listed t
48、emperatures.NOTE 7In the U.S., fuel must also meet U.S. Environmental Protec-tion Agency (USEPA) on-specification parameters for recycled used oilfuels as defined under 40 CFR Part 279.11.7.5 The properties listed in this specification are those ofgreatest significance in obtaining acceptable perfor
49、mance ofthe burner. Only referee test methods are shown in Table 1.(See Section 8 for alternate test methods and Appendix X1 forsignificance of test requirements.)7.5.1 Ash ContentSpecific burners/boilers may be able tohandle higher ash contents without increasing maintenance.Buyer/seller may agree on an alternate ash content based onspecific equipment capabilities.7.6 A representative sample shall be obtained for testing.Practices D 4057, D 4177, or other comparable samplingstandards should be followed. In case of dispute, PracticeD 4057 shall be the r
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