1、Designation: D 6884 03Standard Practice forInstallation of Articulating Concrete Block (ACB) RevetmentSystems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The purpose of this standard is to provide recommendedguidelines for the proper installation of articulating concreteb
3、lock (ACB) revetment systems.1.2 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunction withprofessional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circums
4、tances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace standard of care by whichadequacy of a given professional service must be judged, norshould this document be applied without considerations of aprojects many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the titleof this document means only
5、that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this stand
6、ard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates2C 698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Eff
7、ort33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment system,na matrix of interconnected concrete block units for erosionprotection. Units are connected by geometric interlock, cables,ropes, geotextiles, geogrids, or a combination thereof, andtypically include a geotext
8、ile underlayment for subsoil reten-tion.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The proper installation of articulated concrete blockrevetment systems is essential to the adequate functioning andperformance of the system during the design hydrologic event.This standard provides guidelines for maximizing the corre
9、-spondence between the design intent and the actual field-finished conditions of the project.4.2 This standard addresses the preparation of the subgrade,geotextile placement, block system placement, backfilling andfinishing, and inspection.5. Significance and Use5.1 This standard is intended for use
10、 by designers andcontractors to assist in understanding the importance of properinstallation of articulating concrete block revetment systems inorder to achieve suitable hydraulic performance and maintainstability against the erosive force of flowing water.5.2 An articulating concrete block system i
11、s comprised of amatrix of individual concrete blocks placed together to form anerosion-resistant overlay with specific hydraulic performancecharacteristics. The system includes a geotextile underlaycompatible with the subsoil that allows hydraulic infiltrationand exfiltration to occur while providin
12、g particle retention. Theblocks within the matrix shall be dense and durable and thematrix shall be flexible and porous.5.3 Articulating concrete block systems are used to provideerosion protection to underlying soil materials from the forcesof flowing water. The term “articulating,” as used in this
13、standard, implies the ability of individual blocks of the systemto conform to changes in the subgrade while remaininginterconnected by virtue of block interlock and/or additionalsystem components such as cables, ropes, geotextiles, orgeogrids.5.4 The definition of articulating concrete block systems
14、does not distinguish between interlocking and non-interlockingblock geometries, between cable-tied and non-cable-tied sys-tems, between vegetated and non-vegetated systems or be-tween methods of manufacturing or placement. Furthermore,the definition does not restrict or limit the block size, shape,s
15、trength, or longevity; however, guidelines and recommenda-tions regarding these factors are incorporated into this stan-dard. This standard does not specify size restrictions for1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
16、ittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published May 2003.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 12.01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
17、United States.individual block units. Block systems are available in eitheropen-cell or closed-cell varieties.5.5 The installation of articulated concrete block systemsshall be performed so as to maintain intimate contact betweenthe blocks, the geotextile filter and the subgrade that the systemis in
18、tended to protect.6. Procedure6.1 Subgrade Preparation:6.1.1 Stable and compacted subgrade soil shall be preparedto the lines, grades and cross sections shown on the contractdrawings. Termination trenches and transitions between slopes,embankment crests, benches, berms and toes shall be com-pacted,
19、shaped and uniformly graded to facilitate the develop-ment of intimate contact between the ACB system and theunderlying grade. Termination between the articulating con-crete block revetment system and a concrete slab, wall orsimilar structure, shall be secured in a manner which preventssoil migratio
20、n.6.1.2 The subgrade soil conditions shall meet or exceed therequired material properties described in 6.1.4. prior to place-ment of the block. Soils not meeting the requirements shall beremoved and replaced with acceptable material.6.1.3 Care shall be exercised so as not to excavate below thegrades
21、 shown on the contract drawings, unless directed by theEngineer to remove unsatisfactory materials. Any excessiveexcavation shall be filled with approved backfill material andcompacted. Where it is impractical, in the opinion of theEngineer, to dewater the area to be filled, over-excavationsshall be
22、 backfilled with approved backfill material.6.1.4 When placing in the dry, the areas to receive the ACBsystem shall be graded to establish a smooth surface and ensurethat intimate contact is achieved between the subgrade surfaceand the geotextile, and between the geotextile and the bottomsurface of
23、the ACB system. Unsatisfactory soils, soils havingexcessive in-place moisture content and soils containing clods,roots, sod, brush, or other organic materials shall be removed,backfilled with approved material and compacted. It is recom-mended that the subgrade be uniformly compacted to aminimum of
24、90 percent of Standard Proctor density (TestMethod D 698). Should the subgrade surface for any reasonbecome rough, corrugated, uneven, textured or traffic markedprior to ACB installation, such unsatisfactory portion shall bescarified, reworked, re-compacted or replaced as directed bythe Engineer. Ex
25、cavation of the subgrade above the water lineshall not be more than 2 in. (50 mm) below the grade indicatedon the contract drawings. Where such areas are below theallowable grades, they shall be brought to grade by placing andcompacting approved material in layers not exceeding 6 in.(150 mm) thick.
26、Where such areas are above the allowablegrades, they shall be brought to grade by removing material orreworking existing material and compacting. The subgradeshall be raked, screeded, or rolled by hand or machine toachieve a smooth compacted surface that is free of loosematerial.6.2 Placement of Geo
27、textile:6.2.1 Immediately prior to placing the geotextile and ACBsystem, the prepared subgrade shall be inspected. The geotex-tile shall be placed directly on the prepared area, in intimatecontact with the subgrade and free of folds or wrinkles. Thegeotextile shall be placed in such a manner that pl
28、acement ofthe overlying materials will not excessively stretch or tear thegeotextile. After geotextile placement, the work area shall notbe disturbed so as to result in a loss of intimate contact betweenthe concrete block, the geotextile, and the subgrade. Thegeotextile shall not be left exposed lon
29、ger than the manufac-turers recommendation to minimize potential damage due toultraviolet radiation.6.2.2 The geotextile shall be placed so that upstream stripsoverlap downstream strips and so that upslope strips overlapdownslope strips. Overlaps shall be in the direction of flowwherever possible. T
30、he longitudinal and transverse joints shallbe overlapped at least 3 ft (91 cm) for below-water installationsand at least 1.5 ft (46 cm) for dry installations. If a sewn seamis to be used for the seaming of the geotextile, the thread to beused shall consist of high strength polypropylene or polyester
31、and shall be resistant to ultraviolet radiation. The geotextileshall extend beyond the top, toe and side termination points ofthe revetment. If necessary to expedite construction and tomaintain the recommended overlaps anchoring pins, “U”-staples or weights shall be used. Granular filters may be use
32、din place of, or in combination with, the geotextile per theEngineers design drawings and specifications.6.3 Placement of Articulating Concrete Block System:6.3.1 The articulating concrete block system shall be placedon the geotextile in such a manner as to produce a surface inaccordance with 6.3.3
33、that achieves intimate contact with thegeotextile.6.3.2 Placement of the ACB system, whether as mats or byhand, shall be performed to ensure that the individual blocks liein intimate contact with the geotextile and subgrade. For blockswithin a mat and blocks that are hand placed, the joint spacingbe
34、tween adjacent blocks is to be maintained so that binding ofblocks does not occur and so that block to block interconnec-tion is achieved. In areas of curvature or grade change,alignment of an individual block with adjacent blocks shall beoriented such that intimate contact between the block, geotex
35、-tile, and subgrade is maintained and block to block intercon-nection is achieved.6.3.3 Care shall be taken during block installation so as toavoid damage to the geotextile or subgrade during the instal-lation process. Preferably, where the geotextile is laid on theground prior to the ACB installati
36、on, the ACB placement shallbegin at the upstream section and proceed downstream. If anACB system is to be installed starting downstream andproceeding in the upstream direction, a contractor option is toconstruct a temporary toe trench at the front edge of the ACBsystem to protect against flow which
37、could otherwise under-mine the system during flow events. On sloped sections wherepractical, placement shall begin at the toe of the slope andproceed upslope. Block placement shall not bring block-to-block interconnections into tension. Individual blocks withinthe plane of the finished system shall
38、not exceed a 0.5 in. (13mm) protrusion or greater protrusion than the tolerance refer-enced in the contract documents.6.3.4 If assembled and placed as large mats, the ACB matscan be attached to a spreader bar to aid in the lifting andD6884032placing of the mats in their proper position with a crane
39、orbackhoe. The mats shall be placed side by side and/or end toend, so that the mats abut each other. Mat seams or openingsbetween mats that are 2 in. (50 mm) or greater in the matrixshall be filled with grout. Whether placed by hand or as mats,distinct grade changes shall be accommodated with a well
40、-rounded transition (that is, minimum radius per specific systemcharacteristics). However, if a discontinuous revetment surfaceexists in the direction of flow, a grout seam at the grade changelocation shall be provided to produce a continuous, flushfinished surface.6.4 Termination Trenches:6.4.1 Ter
41、mination of blocks shall be in excavated trencheswhich shall be properly backfilled with approved material flushwith the top of the finished surface of the blocks (see 6.1.4).The integrity of the trench backfill shall be maintained toensure a finished surface that is flush with the top surface of th
42、earticulating blocks.6.5 Anchor Penetrations:6.5.1 Anchor penetrations through the geotextile shall begrouted with approved material to prevent migration of subsoilthrough the penetration point.6.6 Finishing:6.6.1 The open area of the articulating concrete blocksystem is typically either backfilled
43、with suitable soil forrevegetation, or with38 to34 in. (10 to 20 mm) diametercrushed stone. Backfilling with soil or granular fill within thecells of the system shall be completed as soon as practicableafter the revetment has been installed. When topsoil is used asa fill material above the normal wa
44、terline, overfill by 1 to 2 in.(25 to 50 mm) to account for backfill material consolidation.6.7 Inspection:6.7.1 The subgrade preparation, geotextile placement andACB system installation, and overall finished condition includ-ing termination trenches shall be inspected.7. Keywords7.1 articulating co
45、ncrete block (ACB) revetment systems;erosion control; geotextile; subgrade; termination trenches;toe-insASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
46、determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapprove
47、d or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel
48、 that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D6884033
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