1、Designation: D6891 14D6891 15Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVASpark-Ignition Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM TestMonitori
3、ng Center (TMC)2 services (see Annex A1).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalibrated by the TMC.In general, the Test Purchaser decide
4、s if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such astheAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant ReviewCommittee of the Lubricant Review In
5、stitute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was
6、operating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disr
7、egard these portions.1. Scope*1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil to control camshaft lobe wear for spark-ignition engines equippedwith an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. This test method is designed to simulate extended engine idling vehicleoperation. The Sequ
8、ence IVA Test Method uses a Nissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobe wear (measured atseven locations around each of the twelve lobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear and measurement of iron wearmetal concentration in the used engine oil. Other determinations such as fu
9、el dilution of crankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metalconcentrations, and total oil consumption, can be useful in the assessment of the validity of the test results.21.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exce
10、ptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalent such as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, or singlesource equipment specified.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard
11、 to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. See Annex A5A9 for specific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning
12、Solvent)1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2014Oct. 1, 2015. Published June 2014October 2015. Originally
13、approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 asD6891 13a.D6891 14. DOI: 10.1520/D6891-14.10.1520/D6891-15.2 The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM TestMonitoring Center
14、 (TMC), 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu. This edition incorporates all Information Lettersthrough No. 134.141.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual B
15、ook of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be tech
16、nically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
17、 standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D381 Test Me
18、thod for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)D3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engin
19、e Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5844 Test Method for Evalua
20、tion of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)4E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples2.2 API Standa
21、rd:API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System52.3 SAE Standards:SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service Classification6SAE J254 Instrumentation and Techniques for Exhaust Gas Emissions Measurement62.4 ASME Standard:B46.1 Standard for Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Wavines
22、s, and Lay)72.5 JASO Standard:M 328-95 Valve-train Wear Test Procedure for Evaluating Automobile Gasoline Engine Oils82.6 CEC Standard:CEC-L-38-A-94 Peugeot TU-3M/KDX Valve-train Scuffing Wear Test93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blowby, nthat portion of the combustion products and unburned air/
23、fuel mixture that leaks past piston rings into theengine crankcase during operation.3.1.2 calibration test stand, na test stand on which the testing of reference material(s), conducted as specified in the standard,provided acceptable results. Sub. B Glossary103.1.2.1 DiscussionIn several automotive
24、lubricant standard test methods, theASTM Test Monitoring Center provides testing guidance and determinesacceptability.3.1.3 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.3.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compar
25、e the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (suchas seals) that interact with oils. D58443.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 assessment length, nthe length of surface over which measurements are made.3.2.2 break-in, ninitial engine operation to reach stabiliz
26、ation of the engine performance after new parts are installed in theengine.3.2.3 cam lobe wear, nthe sum of the wear determined at the following locations (nose is zero location): (1) 14 cam degreesbefore the nose, (2) 10 before the nose, (3) 4 before the nose, (4) at the nose, (5) 4 after the nose,
27、 (6) 10 after the nose, (7)14 after the nose.4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.5 Available from The American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005.6 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth D
28、r., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.7 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.8 Available from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 Akasaka Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan.9 Available from the Coor
29、dinating European Council for the Development of Performance Tests Transportation Fuels, Lubes, and other Fluids, Madou Plaza , 25 FloorPlace, Madou B-1210, Brussels, Belgium.10 Available from ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator.D6
30、891 1523.2.4 cam nose wear, nthe maximum linear deviation of a worn nose profile from the unworn profile; the nose is the high liftpoint on the particular cam lobe.3.2.5 flushing, nthe installation of a fresh charge of lubricant and oil filter for the purpose of running the engine to reduce andelimi
31、nate remnants of the previous oil charge.3.2.5.1 DiscussionFlushing may be carried out in an iterated process to ensure a more thorough process of reducing previous oil remnants.3.2.6 reference line, na deduced, leveled, straight line drawn on the profilometer graph, from the front unworn average ed
32、geof a cam lobe to the rear unworn average edge of that cam lobe.3.2.7 valve-train, na mechanical engine subsystem comprised of the camshaft, the rocker arms, hydraulic lash adjusters, thepoppet valves, and valve-springs.3.2.8 wavenesstotal,nthe maximum excursion of the worn surface as graphically m
33、easured normal to the reference line.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test Numbering SchemeUse the test numbering scheme shown below:AAAAABBBBBCCCCCAAAAArepresents the stand number. BBBBB represents the number of tests since the last calibration test on that stand. CCCCCrepresents the total number of Se
34、quence IVA tests conducted on that stand. For example, 6-10-175 represents the 175th SequenceIVAtest conducted on test stand 6 and the tenth test since the last calibration test. Consecutively number all tests. Number the standcalibration tests beginning with zero for the BBBBB field. Multiple-lengt
35、h Sequence IVAtests are multiple runs for test numberingpurposes, such as double-length tests which are counted as two runs and triple-length tests which are counted as three runs. Forexample, if test 1-3-28 is a doubled-length test, number the next test conducted on that stand 1-5-30.4.2 Test Engin
36、eThis procedure uses a fired 1994 model Nissan KA24E, in-line 4-cylinder, 4-cycle, water-cooled, portfuel-injected gasoline engine with a displacement of 2.389 L.11,12 The engine features a single overhead camshaft with slidingfollower rocker arms, with two intake valves and one exhaust valve per cy
37、linder, and hydraulic lash adjusters. The camshaft is notphosphate-coated or lubrited.4.3 Test StandCouple the test engine (devoid of alternator, cooling fan, water pump, clutch and transmission) to aneddy-current dynamometer for precise control of engine speed and torque. Specify the combined inert
38、ia of the driveline anddynamometer to ensure reproducible transient ramping of engine speed and torque. Control the intake air, provided to the engineair filter housing, for temperature, pressure, and humidity. Mount the engine similar to its vehicle orientation (tilted up 5.5 in front;sideways 10 u
39、p on intake manifold side; bottom of oil sump horizontal). Modify the engine ECM wiring harness, sensors, andactuators. The test stand plumbing shall conform to the diagrams shown in AnnexA3A7. Install the engine on a test stand equippedwith computer control of engine speed, torque, various temperat
40、ures, pressures, flows, and other parameters outlined in the testprocedure (see Section 11).4.4 Test SequenceAfter engine break-in or after the completion of a previous test, install a new test camshaft and rocker arms.Charge the fresh test oil to the engine and conduct two flushes. After completing
41、 both flushes, drain the used oil, and weigh andinstall the fresh test oil and filter. Conduct the test for a total of 100 h, 100 h, with no scheduled shutdowns. There are two operatingconditions, Stage I and Stage II; Stage I for 50 min and Stage II for 10 min comprise one test cycle. The test leng
42、th is 100 cycles.4.5 Analyses ConductedAfter test, measure the camshaft lobes using a surface profilometer. From these graphical profilemeasurements, determine the maximum wear at seven locations on the cam lobe. Determine individual cam lobe wear by summingthe seven location wear measurements. Aver
43、age the wear from the twelve cam lobes for the final, primary test result. After testcompletion, determine the oil consumption by the mass of used oil versus the fresh oil charged to the engine (including oil filter).Analyze the end of test used oil for fuel dilution, kinematic viscosity, and wear m
44、etals. Retain a final drain sample of 1 L for 90days. Retain the camshaft and rocker arms for six months.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive lubricants effect on controlling cam lobe wear for overheadvalve-train equipped engines with sliding cam followers
45、.NOTE 1This test method may be used for engine oil specifications, such as Specification D4485, API 1509, SAE J183, and ILSC GF 3.11 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Nissan North American, Inc., P.O. Box 191, Gardena, CA 90248-0191.12 If you are aware
46、 of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.D6891 1536. ApparatusNOTE 2Coordination with the ASTM Committee D02, Subcommittee
47、B, Sequence IVA Surveillance Panel is a prerequisite to the use of anyequivalent apparatus. However, the intent is to permit reasonable adaptation of existing laboratory facilities and equipment. Figures are providedthroughout the test method to suggest appropriate design details and depict some of
48、the required apparatus.6.1 Test EngineThis test method uses a fired 1994 model Nissan KA24E, in-line 4-cylinder, 4-cycle, water-cooled, portfuel-injected gasoline engine with a displacement of 2.389 L.11,12 See Annex A2A6 for a parts lists. Nominal oil sump volume is3.5 L. The cylinder block is cons
49、tructed of cast iron, while the cylinder head is aluminum. The engine features a single overheadcamshaft with sliding follower rocker arms, with two intake valves and one exhaust valve per cylinder, and hydraulic lash adjusters.The camshaft is not phosphate-coated or lubrited. The rocker arm contact pad material is powdered metal. The engine compressionratio is 8.6 to 1. Rate the engine at 198 Nm torque at 4400 rmin. The ignition timing and multi-port fuel injection system is ECM.Fuel the engine with a specially blended, non-detergent unlea
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