1、Designation: D6898 03 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forEvaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricity by an Injection Pump Rig1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6898; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAll diesel fuel injection equipment relies, to some extent, on diesel fuel as a lubricant. Shortenedlife of d
3、iesel fuel injection pumps and injectors from wear caused by excessive friction has sometimesbeen ascribed to lack of lubricity in the fuel. This test assesses the lubricity of a fuel by operation ofthe fuel in a typical fuel injection system comprised of injection pump, high pressure pipes, andinje
4、ctors on a pump test rig bench. The test models an actual commercial application of suchequipment. The pump performance is evaluated on a test bench meeting SAE J1668 requirements.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers evaluating the lubricity of dieselfuels using a pump rig test and Stanadyne Model DB
5、4427-4782 pumps.NOTE 1Other pumps may be used if a correlation between pumpperformance factors and fuel lubricity has been developed.1.2 This test method is applicable to any fuel used in dieselengines, including those which may contain a lubricity enhanc-ing additive.1.3 The values stated in SI uni
6、ts are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health prac
7、tices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warningstatements are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D329 Specification for AcetoneD362 Specification for Industrial Grade Toluene (Withdrawn1989)3D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling
8、 of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubric
9、ity Evalua-tor (SLBOCLE)D6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)2.2 SAE Standards:4SAE J967 Calibration Fluid for Diesel Injection EquipmentSAE J968/1 Diesel Injection Pump TestingPart 1: Cali-brating Nozzles and Holder AssembliesSAE J1
10、418 Fuel Injection PumpsHigh Pressure Pipes(Tubing) for TestingSAE J1668 Diesel EnginesFuel Injection Pump Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 boundary lubrication, na condition in which thefriction and wear between two surfaces in relative motion aredetermi
11、ned by the properties of the surfaces and the propertiesof the contacting fluid, other than bulk viscosity.3.1.1.1 DiscussionMetal to metal contact occurs and thechemistry of the system is involved. Physically adsorbed or1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum P
12、roducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and MarineFuels.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6898 03 (20
13、10).DOI: 10.1520/D6898-03R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of th
14、is historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1chemically reacted soft films (u
15、sually very thin) supportcontact loads. Consequently, some wear is inevitable.3.1.2 lubricity, na qualitative term describing the abilityof a fluid to affect friction between, and wear to, surfaces inrelative motion under load.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method, the lubricity of afluid is evaluat
16、ed by comparing critical pump componentdimensions, fuel flow rate and transfer pump pressures beforeand after testing under defined and controlled conditions. Acomputed value known as pump lubricity value (PLV) results.3.1.3 roller-to-roller (R-R), na linear measurement ofopposing pumping plungers i
17、n an injection pump when pres-surized to force the plungers outward against the adjustablestop mechanism.3.1.4 transfer pump (TP), na vane type low pressuresupply pump internal to an injection pump.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Prior to the start of the 500 h test, the roller-to-roller(R-R) dimension
18、 and transfer pump (TP) blade thickness aremeasured on two new or rebuilt pumps. The fuel flow(mm3/stroke) and TP pressure (kPa) of each pump are mea-sured at 100 rmin increments from 1000 rmin to 2200 rmin.4.2 The pumps are mounted on the test bench and athorough flushing process is performed. The
19、test fuel(s) arestored in epoxy-lined containers (55 U.S. gal drums are suit-able) which are plumbed to the test bench.4.3 The pumps are operated at 1100 rmin for 500 h at thespecified test conditions.4.4 The pumps are removed from the test bench and thepre-test measurements are repeated.4.5 The pre
20、- and post- test data are used to compute thepump lubricity value (PLV).5. Significance and Use5.1 Diesel fuel injection equipment has some reliance onlubricating properties of the diesel fuel. Shortened life ofengine components, such as diesel fuel injection pumps andinjectors, has sometimes been a
21、scribed to lack of lubricity in adiesel fuel.5.2 Pump Lubricity Value (PLV) test results generally rankfuel effects on diesel injection system pump component dis-tress due to wear in the same order as Bosch, Lucas,Stanadyne, and Cummins in-house rig tests.5In these fuel/hardware tests, boundary lubr
22、ication is believed to be a factorin the operation of the component.5.3 The PLV is sensitive to contamination of the fluids andtest materials and the temperature of the test. Lubricityevaluations are also sensitive to trace contaminants acquiredduring test fuel sampling and storage.5.4 Test Methods
23、D6078 and D6079 are two methods forevaluating diesel fuel lubricity. No absolute correlation hasbeen developed between these two test methods, or betweeneither of these methods and the PLV.5.5 The PLV may be used to evaluate the relative effective-ness of a fluid for preventing wear under the prescr
24、ibed testconditions.5.6 This test method is designed to evaluate boundarylubrication properties. While viscosity effects on lubricity arenot totally eliminated, they are minimized.5.7 This test can indicate whether or not an additive willimprove the lubricity of a poor lubricity fuel.5Nikanjam, M.,
25、Crosby, T., Henderson, P., Gray, C., Meyer, K., and Davenport,N., “ISO Diesel Fuel Lubricity Round Robin Program,” SAE Paper 952372, Oct.16-19, 1995.Trademark of STANADYNE Diesel SystemsFIG. 1 Schematic of Stanadyne Model DB4427-4782 PumpD6898 03 (2016)26. Apparatus6.1 Test PumpsThe test pumps are S
26、tanadyne 4-cylindermodel DB4427-4782 pump6(see Fig. 1). Providing they meetthe Stanadyne DB4427-4782 specifications (see Fig. 2), thepumps can be new or rebuilt. The test pump must always usenew head and rotor, and TP assemblies. While a single pumpcan be tested, the preferred method is to test two
27、pumpssimultaneously with the same test fuel.6.2 Performance Test BenchAn SAE J1668 test bench isused for performance testing of each test pump.6.3 Calibrating InjectorA calibrating nozzle and holderassembly with a single hole orifice plate, in accordance withSAE J968/1, is used for performance testi
28、ng of each test pump.6.4 Pump Test RigThe pump test rig consists of an electricmotor driven test bench capable of driving two test pumpssimultaneously at a specified speed (see Fig. 3). The test rig isequipped with stainless steel low pressure piping with fuel inletpipes from a drum of test fuel. Bo
29、ost pumps in the inlet linespump fuel through fuel filters to the inlet of the test pumps.Fuel is discharged from the test pumps through specified insidediameter and length high pressure pipe, to the specifiedinjectors. The injectors are housed in accumulators to collect6The sole source of supply of
30、 the pumps known to the committee at this time isStanadyne Automotive Corp., 92 Deerfield Rd., Windsor, CT 06095-2409, or aregistered service dealer. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please providethis information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consid
31、eration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1, whichyou may attend.Trademark of STANADYNE Diesel SystemsAll speeds are in engine r/min unless otherwise noted.Use latest revision for all Referenced Documents.FIG. 2 Injection Pump Specification (Service/Assembly) Model No.: DB4427-4782D
32、6898 03 (2016)3the discharged fuel and return it to the drum. Thus the fuelsystem is closed and the fuel continuously recirculates.The testrig is operated in a room with an ambient temperature of 24 C6 3 C.6.5 Electric Motor, an adjustable speed motor capable ofproducing speeds to 1500 rmin and a to
33、rque of 122 N-m.6.6 Low Pressure Piping, 9.5 mm inside diameter stainlesssteel tubing of whatever length is needed for the application.6.7 Boost Pumps, pumps which operate at 14 kPa to 34 kPaand pump 76 Lh to 114 Lh.6.8 Fuel Filters, Stanadyne model 1007or John Deere RF624118.6.9 Filter Head/Fuel Ha
34、ndler, Stanadyne 332607for attach-ment of fuel filters.6.10 High Pressure PipesHP pipes in accordance withSAE J1418 are 1.6 mm 6 0.025 mm inside diameter 640 mm6 5 mm long with a nominal outside diameter of 6 mm and aminimum central line bend radius of 16 mm for both theperformance testing and the t
35、est rig testing testing.NOTE 2SAE J1418 specifies the length of this tubing as 600 mm 65 mm but 640 mm is required in these applications.6.11 Test Rig InjectorsThe test rig injectors are Stanadynep/n 273367(see Fig. 4). These injectors are known as engineinjectors as compared to calibrating injector
36、s.6.12 Accumulator, a stainless steel box, into which theinjectors are screwed, that has a line to return the injected fuelback to the drum (see Fig. 5).6.13 Micrometer, 25.4 mm to 50.8 mm with a resolution of0.001 mm and an accuracy of 0.003 mm to measure the R-Rdimension.6.14 Point Micrometer, 0 m
37、m to 25.4 mm with a resolutionof 0.001 mm and an accuracy of 0.003 mm to measure thethickness of the TP blades.6.15 R-R Setting Fixture, a special tool available fromStanadyne.76.16 Electronic Control Unit, any commercially availableunit capable of operating the test rig.6.17 Tachometers, used to me
38、asure the r/min of the testpumps.6.18 Thermocouples, used to measure air temperature, andfuel temperatures in the drum, after the boost pump, after theDB4427-4782 pumps, and in the fuel return lines.6.19 Pressure Transducers, used to measure the pressureafter the boost pump and after the DB4427-4782
39、 pumps.6.20 Flow Meters, used to measure the fuel flow through theDB4427-4782 pumps.6.21 Level Sensor, used to monitor the level of fuel in thedrum.6.22 Hydrocarbon Gas Detector, used to monitor for poten-tially explosive vapors in the room.6.23 Flushing Adapters, necessary fittings and adapters tob
40、ypass the fuel filter, connect the fuel pump inlet directly to theHP pipes, and connect the HP pipes to the accumulator. Theseadapters are used to flush the test rig between fuel tests.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Acetone, conforming to Specification D329.(WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may caus
41、e flashfire.)7.2 Calibration Fluid, a fluid formulated from refined anddeodorized fuel stocks, meeting SAE J967 specifications, usedfor pump performance testing.7.3 Compressed Air, containing less than 0.1 ppmv hydro-carbons and 50 ppmv water. (WarningCompressed gasunder high pressure. Use with extr
42、eme caution in the presenceof combustible material.)7.4 Flushing Fluid, 75/25 mixture of toluene and acetoneused to flush the pump test rig between fuel tests.7.5 Toluene, conforming to Specification D362.(WarningFlammable. Harmful if inhaled.)8. Sampling and Sample Containers8.1 Unless otherwise sp
43、ecified, take samples by the proce-dure described in Practice D4057 or Practice D4177.8.2 Because of the sensitivity of lubricity measurements totrace materials, sample containers shall be only fully epoxy-lined metal drums, cleaned and rinsed thoroughly at least threetimes with the product to be sa
44、mpled before use, as specified inPractice D4306.8.3 New sample containers are preferred, but if notavailable, Practice D4306 gives guidance on suitable cleaningprocedures.7Available from Stanadyne Automotive Corp., 92 Deerfield Rd., Windsor, CT06095-2409, or a registered service dealer.NOTE 1The sys
45、tem shown in this figure is a six-cylinder (sixinjectors) pump, while the test pump (see 6.1) is a four-cylinder applica-tion.FIG. 3 Test Rig Portable BenchD6898 03 (2016)4FIG. 4 Injector SpecificationD6898 03 (2016)59. Preparation of Apparatus, Pumps, and EngineInjectors9.1 Disassemble a test pump
46、in accordance with the instruc-tions in Stanadyne Publication 99689 to permit measurementof the R-R dimension and the TP blade thickness.9.2 Secure R-R setting fixture 19969 in vise and insert rotorassembly (see Fig. 6). Connect dry, clean, filtered compressedair source regulated to 4.5 kPa to 11.3
47、kPa to force the plungersoutward until the shoes contact the leaf springs. Using the25.4 to 50.8 micrometer, measure the distance between theouter surfaces of each pair of opposed rollers to the nearest0.002 mm. The R-R dimension must be 49.73 mm 6 0.04 mm.The leaf spring adjusting screws can be tur
48、ned clockwise toincrease or counterclockwise to decrease the dimension. Thetwo dimensions must be within 0.08 mm of each other and theaverage of the two dimensions must be within 0.04 mm of49.73 mm.9.2.1 ExampleOne pair of rollers measures 49.76 mmwhile the other measures 49.68 mm. The two dimension
49、s arewithin 0.08 mm of each other and the average of the 2dimensions, 49.72 is within 0.04 mm of 49.73 mm. If the R-Rdimensions meet the above specifications, they are suitable foruse in this test. Record the measured dimensions. If thedimensions do not meet the above specifications, new shoeswill be required.9.3 Using a point micrometer measure and record to thenearest 0.002 mm the thickness of theTPblades at three evenlyspaced points along the center of the face of the blade (alongline C in Fig. 7). If a blade thickness is 13.67 mm thick,re
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