1、Designation: D6923 14Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-CylinderDiesel EngineCaterpillar 1R Test Procedure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the test proce
3、dure describedin this test method. The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2provides calibration oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratorywill know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those o
4、btained byother laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services inseeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S.Army has such a requirementin some of its engine oil specifications. Accordingly, this test method is written fo
5、r those laboratoriesthat use the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use these services should ignore thoseportions of the test method that refer to the TMC. Information Letters issued periodically by the TMCmay modify this test method.3In addition, the TMC may issue supplementary memorand
6、a related tothe test method.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil undermodern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measuresthe oils deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance tooil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using astandardized high-speed, sin
7、gle-cylinder diesel engine.41.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalentsuch as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, andtubing size, or where a sole source
8、 supplier is specified.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prio
9、r to use. Being an enginetest method, this test method does have definite hazards thatrequire safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:Scope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus and Installation 6Inta
10、ke Air System 6.2.1Exhaust System 6.2.2Fuel System 6.2.3Oil Consumption System 6.2.4Engine Oil System 6.2.5Engine Coolant System 6.2.6Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7Reagents and Materials 7Oil Samples 8Preparation of Apparatus 9General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1Complete Engine Inspection 9.2Copper C
11、omponent 9.3Engine Lubricant System Flush 9.4Engine Piston Cooling Jet 9.5Engine Measurements and Inspections 9.6Cylinder Head 9.7Valve Guide Bushings 9.81This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibil
12、ity ofSubcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6923 13. DOI:10.1520/D6923-14.2ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.3Until the
13、 next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center(TMC) will update changes in the test method by means of information letters.Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This editionin
14、corporates revisions in all information Letters through No. 131.4Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O.Box 610, Mossville, IL 61552-0610.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
15、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Fuel Injector 9.9Piston and Rings 9.10Cylinder Liner 9.11Compression Ratio 9.12Engine Timing 9.13Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure 9.14Calibration and Standardization 10Test Cell Instrumentation 10.1Instrumentation Standards 10.2Coolant Flo
16、w 10.3Fuel Injectors 10.4Air Flow 10.5Intake Air Barrel 10.6Fuel Filter 10.7Oil Scale Flow Rates 10.8Test Stand Calibration 10.9Re-calibration Requirements 10.9.1Extending Test Stand Calibration Period 10.9.2Test Run Numbering 10.10Humidity Calibration Requirements 10.11Calibration of Piston Deposit
17、 Raters 10.12Procedure 11Engine Break-in Procedure 11.1Cool-down Procedure 11.2Warm-up Procedure 11.3Shutdowns and Lost Time 11.4Periodic Measurements 11.5Engine Control Systems 11.6Engine Coolant 11.6.1Engine Fuel System 11.6.2Engine Oil Temperature 11.6.3Exhaust Pressure 11.6.4Intake Air 11.6.5Pos
18、t-Test Procedures 11.7Piston Ring Side Clearances 11.7.1Piston Ratings 11.7.2Ring Gap End Increase 11.7.3Cylinder Liner Wear 11.7.4Cylinder Liner Bore Polish 11.7.5Photographs 11.7.6Calculation and Interpretation of Results 12Test Validity 12.1Calculations 12.4Quality Index 12.4.1Oil Consumption 12.
19、4.2Report 13Forms and Data Dictionary 13.1Test Validity 13.2Report Specifics 13.3Precision and Bias 14Precision 14.1Bias 14.2Keywords 9.11.1AnnexesEngine and Parts Warranty Annex A1Instrument Locations, Measurements and Calculations Annex A2Cooling System Arrangement Annex A3Intake Air Mass Flow Sen
20、sor Installation Annex A4Fuel System Design and Required Components Annex A5Oil System Annex A6Additional Report Forms Annex A7Engine Assembly and Inspection Information Annex A8Flushing Instructions and Apparatus Annex A9Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions Annex A10Piston and Liner Rating Mod
21、ifications Annex A11Return Goods Authorization Claim Form Annex A12AppendixesVarious Examples of Supplemental Information forReference PurposesAppendix X1Safety Appendix X22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:5D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test
22、 Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Te
23、st Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Ti
24、trationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Ad
25、sorptionD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com
26、bus-tion of Aviation FuelsD3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used DieselEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4485 Specif
27、ication for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine OilsD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine LubricantsD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination
28、 ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by5For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.D6923 142
29、Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled withGasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions (Withdr
30、awn 2003)6D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn2003)6D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine(Withdrawn 2009)6D5966 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for
31、 RollerFollower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel EngineD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD6202 Test Method forAutomotive Engine Oils on the FuelEconomy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in theSequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2009)6D6594 Test Method
32、 for Evaluation of Corrosiveness ofDiesel Engine Oil at 135 CD6681 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a HighSpeed, Single-Cylinder Diesel EngineCaterpillar 1PTest ProcedureE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE344 Terminology Rel
33、ating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etryG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 Other ASTM Document:ASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20 (formerly CRC Manual20)72.3 SAE Standard:SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine ServiceClassification82.4 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Service Classification and
34、Guide to Crank-case Oil Selection93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, na material added to another, usually insmall amounts, to impart or enhance desirable properties or tosuppress undesirable properties. D41753.1.2 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associatedwith self-propelled mach
35、inery, usually vehicles driven byinternal combustion engines. D44853.1.3 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil, which issubmitted by a source independent from the test facility. D58443.1.4 blowby, n
36、in internal combustion engines, the com-bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D53023.1.5 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of ameasuring device with respect to that of a standard. E3443.1.6 calibrated test stand, na test stand on which thetesting
37、 of reference material(s), conducted as specified in thestandard, provided acceptable test results.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant stan-dard test methods, the TMC2provides testing guidance anddetermines acceptability. D66813.1.7 candidate oil, nan oil which is intended to have thep
38、erformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is to be tested against that specification. D58443.1.8 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid con-taminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engineor resulting from wear. D58623.1.9 dispersant, nin engine oil, an
39、additive that reducesdeposits on oil-wetted surfaces primarily through suspension ofparticles. D41753.1.10 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear,or both, between the moving parts within an engine; removesheat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves asa combustion gas se
40、alant for the piston rings.3.1.10.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, depositformation, valve train wear, oil oxidation and foaming areexamples. D58623.1.11 heavy-duty, adj in internal combustion engineoperation, characterized by average s
41、peeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.D44853.1.12 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D58623.1.13 lubricating oil, na liquid lubricant, usually com-prising several ingredients
42、, including a major portion of baseoil and minor portions of various additives. D59663.1.14 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidateoil. D58443.1.15 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor,
43、generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested assludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or combination thereof. D66813.1.16 purchaser, nof an ASTM test, person or organiza-tion that pays for the conduct of an ASTM test metho
44、d on aspecified product. D62023.1.17 reference oil, nan oil of known performancecharacteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.17.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or6The last approved version of this historical standar
45、d is referenced onwww.astm.org.7For Stock #TMCMNL20, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM International Customer Service at serviceastm.org.8Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.9Available from The American Petroleum Ins
46、titute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005.D6923 143to evaluate other material (such as seals) that interact with oils.D58443.1.18 scoring, nin tribology, a severe form of wearcharacterized by the formation of extensive grooves andscratches in the direction of sliding. G403.1.19 scuff, scuff
47、ng, nin lubrication, damage caused byinstantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relativemotion that does not result in immobilization of the parts.D48633.1.20 sponsor, nof an ASTM test method, an organizationthat is responsible for ensuring supply of the apparatus used inthe test procedure
48、portion of the test method.3.1.20.1 DiscussionIn some instances, such as a testmethod for chemical analysis, anASTM working group can bethe sponsor of the test method. In other instances, a companywith a self-interest may or may not be the developer of the testprocedure used within the test method,
49、but is the sponsor of thetest method. D65943.1.21 used oil, nany oil that has been in a piece ofequipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, orturbine), whether operated or not. D41753.1.22 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D53023.1.23 wear, nthe loss of material from, or relocation ofmaterial on, a surface.3.1.23.1 DiscussionWear generally occurs between twosurfaces moving relative to each other, and it is the result ofmech
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