1、Designation: D6923 14D6923 17Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-CylinderDiesel EngineCaterpillar 1R Test Procedure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the te
3、st procedure describedin this test method. The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2 provides calibration oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratorywill know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar t
4、o those obtained byother laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services inseeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S.Army has such a requirementin some of its engine oil specifications. Accordingly, this test method is w
5、ritten for those laboratoriesthat use the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use these services should ignore thoseportions of the test method that refer to the TMC. Information Letters issued periodically by the TMCmay modify this test method.3 In addition, the TMC may issue supplementar
6、y memoranda related tothe test method.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oilsdeposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardizedhig
7、h-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.41.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size,or wher
8、e a sole source supplier is specified.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryrequ
9、irements prior to use. Being an engine test method, this test method does have definite hazards that require safe practices (seeAppendix X2 on Safety).1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:Scope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus and Inst
10、allation 6Intake Air System 6.2.1Exhaust System 6.2.2Fuel System 6.2.3Oil Consumption System 6.2.41 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Curr
11、ent edition approved May 1, 2014May 1, 2017. Published June 2014May 2017. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 asD6923 13.D6923 14. DOI: 10.1520/D6923-14.10.1520/D6923-17.2 ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.3 Until the n
12、ext revision of this test method, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition in
13、corporates revisionsin all information Letters through No. 131.16-1.4 Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O. Box 610, Mossville, IL 61552-0610.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what
14、 changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the
15、official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Engine Oil System 6.2.5Engine Coolant System 6.2.6Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7Reagents and Materials 7O
16、il Samples 8Preparation of Apparatus 9General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1Complete Engine Inspection 9.2Copper Component 9.3Engine Lubricant System Flush 9.4Engine Piston Cooling Jet 9.5Engine Measurements and Inspections 9.6Cylinder Head 9.7Valve Guide Bushings 9.8Fuel Injector 9.9Piston and Rings
17、 9.10Cylinder Liner 9.11Compression Ratio 9.12Engine Timing 9.13Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure 9.14Calibration and Standardization 10Test Cell Instrumentation 10.1Instrumentation Standards 10.2Coolant Flow 10.3Fuel Injectors 10.4Air Flow 10.5Intake Air Barrel 10.6Fuel Filter 10.7Oil Scale
18、Flow Rates 10.8Test Stand Calibration 10.9Re-calibration Requirements 10.9.1Extending Test Stand Calibration Period 10.9.2Test Run Numbering 10.10Humidity Calibration Requirements 10.11Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters 10.12Procedure 11Engine Break-in Procedure 11.1Cool-down Procedure 11.2Warm-up
19、 Procedure 11.3Shutdowns and Lost Time 11.4Periodic Measurements 11.5Engine Control Systems 11.6Engine Coolant 11.6.1Engine Fuel System 11.6.2Engine Oil Temperature 11.6.3Exhaust Pressure 11.6.4Intake Air 11.6.5Post-Test Procedures 11.7Piston Ring Side Clearances 11.7.1Piston Ratings 11.7.2Ring Gap
20、End Increase 11.7.3Cylinder Liner Wear 11.7.4Cylinder Liner Bore Polish 11.7.5Photographs 11.7.6Calculation and Interpretation of Results 12Test Validity 12.1Calculations 12.4Quality Index 12.4.1Oil Consumption 12.4.2Report 13Forms and Data Dictionary 13.1Test Validity 13.2Report Specifics 13.3Preci
21、sion and Bias 14Precision 14.1Bias 14.2Keywords 9.11.1AnnexesEngine and Parts Warranty Annex A1Instrument Locations, Measurements and Calculations Annex A2Cooling System Arrangement Annex A3Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation Annex A4Fuel System Design and Required Components Annex A5Oil System
22、 Annex A6Additional Report Forms Annex A7Engine Assembly and Inspection Information Annex A8Flushing Instructions and Apparatus Annex A9Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions Annex A10D6923 172Piston and Liner Rating Modifications Annex A11Return Goods Authorization Claim Form Annex A12Appendixes
23、Various Examples of Supplemental Information forReference PurposesAppendix X1Safety Appendix X21.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Stand
24、ards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:5D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Mart
25、ens Closed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of T
26、ransparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculat
27、ed Cetane Index of Distillate FuelsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2500 Test Method for Cloud P
28、oint of Petroleum Products and Liquid FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviatio
29、n FuelsD3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4485 Specification for P
30、erformance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine LubricantsD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used an
31、d Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5302 Test Method for Evaluation ofAutomotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a Spark-IgnitionInternal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-
32、Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions (Withdrawn2003)6D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)6D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke CycleTurbo-Supercharged 6V92TADiesel Engine (Withdrawn2009)6D5966 Test
33、Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel EngineD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel EngineD6202 Test Method forAutomotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-DutyTrucks in the SequenceVIA Spark Ignition
34、 Engine (Withdrawn 2009)6D6594 Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135 CD6681 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel EngineCaterpillar 1P TestProcedureE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Confor
35、mance with SpecificationsE344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and HydrometryG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 Other ASTM Document:ASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20 (formerly CRC Manual 20)75 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Serv
36、ice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.6 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.7 For Stock #TMCMNL20, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact
37、ASTM International Customer Service at serviceastm.org.D6923 1732.3 SAE Standard:SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service Classification82.4 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Service Classification and Guide to Crankcase Oil Selection93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, na material ad
38、ded to another, usually in small amounts, to impart or enhance desirable properties or to suppressundesirable properties. D41753.1.2 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associated with self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven by internalcombustion engines. D44853.1.3 blind reference oil
39、, na reference oil, the identity of which is unknown by the test facility.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil, which is submitted by a source independent from the test facility. D58443.1.4 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the combustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture
40、that enter thecrankcase. D53023.1.5 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E3443.1.6 calibrated test stand, na test stand on which the testing of reference material(s), conducted as specified in the standard,provided acceptable tes
41、t results.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant standard test methods, the TMC2 provides testing guidance and determines acceptability. D66813.1.7 candidate oil, nan oil which is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification andis to be tested agai
42、nst that specification. D58443.1.8 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid contaminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engine orresulting from wear. D58623.1.9 dispersant, nin engine oil, an additive that reduces deposits on oil-wetted surfaces primarily through suspension ofpar
43、ticles. D41753.1.10 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, or both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes heat,particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as a combustion gas sealant for the piston rings.3.1.10.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhance cer
44、tain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oiloxidation and foaming are examples. D58623.1.11 heavy-duty, adj in internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power output and internaltemperatures that are close to the potential maxim
45、ums. D44853.1.12 lubricant, nany material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between them.D58623.1.13 lubricating oil, na liquid lubricant, usually comprising several ingredients, including a major portion of base oil andminor portions of various additives. D
46、59663.1.14 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidate oil.D58443.1.15 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oil with an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials ofte
47、n manifested as sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or corrosion,or combination thereof. D66813.1.16 purchaser, nof an ASTM test, person or organization that pays for the conduct of an ASTM test method on a specifiedproduct. D62028 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers
48、(SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.9 Available from The American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005.D6923 1743.1.17 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.17.1 DiscussionReference oils are used
49、 to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other material (suchas seals) that interact with oils. D58443.1.18 scoring, nin tribology, a severe form of wear characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches in thedirection of sliding. G403.1.19 scuff, scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused by instantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motionthat does not result in immobilization of the parts. D48633.1.20 sponsor, nof an ASTM test method, an organization that is r
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