1、Designation: D 6958 03Standard Test Methods forEvaluating Side-Bonding Potential of Wood Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods describe an evaluation procedure forthe determination of undesirable side-bonding of coatings forwood flooring.
3、 They provide two mechanical properties testsfor the quantitative determination of the cohesive strength ofwood coatings (tensile and lap shear); they also provide a woodfloor simulation test for the qualitative determination of side-bonding potential of wood coatings.1.2 This standard does not purp
4、ort to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 9
5、Terminology Relating to WoodD 2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of OrganicCoatingsD 4444 Test Methods for Use and Calibration of Hand-HeldMoisture Meters2.2 British Standards:BS1204 British Standard Test for Synthetic Resin Adhe-sives22.3 Maple Flooring Manufacturers Association (MFMA):3Guide
6、Specification for Double Plywood Floor SystemGuide Specification for Sleeper and Sleeper with PlywoodFloor Systems2.4 National Oak Flooring Association (NOFMA):4Cracks in Hardwood Floors2.5 National Wood Flooring Association (NWFA):5Hardwood Floors Trouble Shooting Manual3. Terminology3.1 Definition
7、s used in these test methods are in accordancewith terminology used in Terminology D 9. A few related termsnot covered in these test methods are as follows:3.1.1 panelizationadjacent boards acting as a compositepanel instead of individual strips when subjected to changes intemperature and humidity a
8、s well as other site conditions.3.1.2 panelization failurethe condition where localizedexcessive gaps beyond specified limits develop between somestrip flooring boards due to panelization.3.1.3 percent wood failurethe rupturing of wood fibers instrength tests on bonded specimens usually expressed as
9、 thepercentage of total area involved, which shows such failure.The inverse of adhesive failure.3.1.4 side-bondingthe bonding of adjacent strips of woodflooring caused by the floor coating resulting in panelization.This is one possible cause of panelization failure.3.1.5 side-bonding wood failurethe
10、 failure of the woodwithin a strip, as in classic wood failure, when the movementof the strip within the floor is restrained from moisture-relatedmovement by excessive side-bonding. In this situation, thetoughness or “work-to-break” of the side-bonding is sufficientto overcome the tensile strength p
11、erpendicular to the grain ofthe wood strip.3.1.6 tensile stress (nominal)as used in Test MethodD 2370, the load per original unit area at which a specimenfails or yields in a tension (pull) test.SECTION IMECHANICAL PROPERTIES TESTSTEST METHOD AMAPLE BLOCK TENSILESTRENGTH TEST4. Significance and Use4
12、.1 This test method was originally designed as a means ofquantitatively measuring the level of adhesion of the wood-wood interface caused by a wood coatings system applied tothe substrate. The tensile test is useful in measuring bondingstrength of coatings, such as gymnasium coatings, in which thewo
13、od strip flooring primarily expands or contracts in responseto changes across the cross-sectional width of the strip floor.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 onWood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on FundamentalTest Methods and Properties.Cu
14、rrent edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published December 2003.2British Standards Institute (BSI) 389 Chiswick High Rd., London, W4 4AL,UK.3MFMA, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062.4NOFMA, P.O. Box 3009, Memphis, TN 381730009.5NWFA, 111 Chesterfield Industrial Boulevard, Chesterfield, MO 6
15、3005.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 This test method was further designed as a means ofmeasuring the side-bonding potential of wood coating systems.5. Apparatus5.1 Tensile Tester, of the constant rate of jaw sepa
16、rationtype, equipped with load cells having capacities of 100 to 1000lb (445 to 4452 N), and equipped with an indicating devicesuch as an electronic constant speed chart recorder, a digitaldevice that displays numerical values, or a printer that recordsthe numerical values and suitably sized grips t
17、o hold the testspecimens in place during testing. The machine must becapable of maintaining a cross head velocity during testing of0.1 in./min (2.54 mm/min) , and if using a strip chart recorder,a chart speed during testing of 10 in./min (254 mm/min).5.2 Clamp Assembly, capable of holding assembled
18、testspecimen and maintaining a clamp pressure of 100 psi (690kPa).5.3 Moisture Meter, meeting the requirements of TestMethod D 4444.5.4 Foam Polybrushes, 1 in. (25.4 mm) wide.6. Procedure6.1 Material for testing shall be #2 or better, MFMAcertified hard maple (Acer saccharum) tongue and groove strip
19、flooring, 214 6 0.03 in. (57.2 6 0.8 mm) in width by2532 60.01 in. (19.8 6 0.3 mm) in thickness.6.2 Test stock shall be prepared by cutting off the tongueand planing the edge smooth. Blocks for testing shall be cut toa length of 3.00 6 0.01 in. (76.2 6 0.3 mm).6.3 Test blocks shall be conditioned at
20、 75 6 5F (24 6 3C)and 50 6 2 % relative humidity for a minimum of 7 days.These conditions equate to an Equilibration Moisture Content(EMC) of 9 % (see X1.3). After equilibrating, use a moisturemeter to determine the EMC of all test blocks, calculate andreport the average EMC.6.4 A minimum of twenty
21、test blocks shall be used toprepare a minimum of ten assemblies for testing of eachcoating to be evaluated (see Fig. 1).6.5 Test assemblies consist of two test blocks “edge-glued”using the floor coating as an adhesive (see Fig. 1). The coatingto be evaluated shall be applied using a polybrush to the
22、smooth edge of both test blocks at a rate of 500 6 5ft2/gal(12.3 6 0.1 m2/L) or as specified by the coating manufacturer.After a 5 min open time the test block pairs shall be assembledby placing the coated surfaces together and clamping the jointat 100 psi (690 kPa) pressure. Test assemblies shall r
23、emainclamped for a minimum of 48 h.6.6 Test assemblies shall be cured at 75 6 5F (24 6 3C)and 50 6 2 % relative humidity for a minimum of 7 daysincluding the clamp time. After equilibrating, use a moisturemeter to determine the EMC of all test assemblies, andcalculate the average EMC.FIG. 1 Test Met
24、hod A, Maple Block Tensile Strength Test-Test Blocks (top), Test Assembly (bottom)D69580326.7 Measure and record the length and width of the testassembly to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.3 mm). Calculate the testarea of each test assembly.6.8 Test assemblies shall be secured in a test machine (seeFig. 2)
25、and pulled apart in tension at a rate of 0.1 in./min (2.54mm/min).6.9 Record the ultimate load, location of failure (coating-coating interface, coating-wood interface, within wood), anestimate of the percent wood failure and the average EMC.7. Report7.1 Report the number of samples tested, the locat
26、ion offailure (coating-coating interface, coating-wood interface,within wood), an estimate of the percent wood failure, and theaverage EMC.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Until sufficient data are available as a result of perform-ing these tests, no specific precision and bias statement can beexpressed.TES
27、T METHOD BMAPLE STRIP LAP SHEAR TEST9. Significance and Use9.1 This test method was originally designed as a means ofquantitatively measuring the level of adhesion of the wood-wood bond interface caused by a wood coatings system appliedto the substrate. The lap shear test is useful for measuringbond
28、ing strength of coatings used on parquet or other similartypes of flooring, where longitudinal movement of the flooringFIG. 2 Assembly Secured in Testing MachineD6958033is a concern (for example, the shear force as the individualwood pieces slide past each other).9.2 This test method was further des
29、igned as a means ofmeasuring the side-bonding potential of wood coating systems.10. Apparatus10.1 Tensile Tester, of the constant rate of jaw separationtype, equipped with load cells having capacities of 100 to 1000lb (445 to 4452 N), and equipped with an indicating devicesuch as an electronic const
30、ant speed chart recorder, a digitaldevice that displays numerical values, or a printer that recordsthe numerical values as well as suitably sized grips to hold thetest specimens in place during testing. The machine must becapable of maintaining a cross head velocity during testing of0.1 in./min (2.5
31、4 mm/min), and if using a strip chart recordera chart speed during testing of 10 in./min (254 mm/min).10.2 Clamp Assembly, capable of holding assembled testspecimen and maintaining a clamp pressure of 100 psi (690kPa).10.3 Moisture Meter, meeting the requirements of TestMethod D 4444.10.4 Foam Polyb
32、rushes, 1 in. (25.4 mm) wide.11. Procedure11.1 Material for testing shall be #2 or better, MFMAcertified hard maple (Acer saccharum) tongue and groove stripflooring, 214 6 0.03 in. (57.2 6 0.8 mm) in width by2532 60.01 in. (19.8 6 0.3 mm) in thickness.11.1.1 Test stock shall be prepared by cutting o
33、ff the tongueand planing the edge smooth. Strips for testing shall be planedfrom this test stock to a width of 1.0 6 0.01 in. (25.4 6 0.3mm), a length of 4.5 6 0.01 in. (114 6 0.3 mm) and athickness, 0.125 6 0.006 in. (3.18 6 0.15 mm). (See AppendixX2.)11.1.2 Test strips shall be conditioned at 75 6
34、 5F (24 63C) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity for a minimum of 7 days.These conditions equate to an Equilibration Moisture Content(EMC) of 9 % (see X1.3). After equilibrating, use a moisturemeter to determine the EMC of all test strips, and calculate theaverage EMC.11.1.3 A minimum of twenty test stri
35、ps shall be used toprepare a minimum of ten assemblies for testing of eachcoating to be evaluated (see Fig. 3).11.1.4 Test assemblies consist of two test strips “face-glued” using the floor coating as an adhesive. The coating to beevaluated shall be applied using a polybrush on a one-inchoverlap tes
36、t area on the ends of the test strips at a rate of 1506 5ft2/gal (3.7 6 0.1 m2/L) or as specified by the coatingmanufacturer (see Fig. 3). After a 5 min open time the test strippairs shall be assembled by placing the coated surfacesFIG. 3 Test Method B, Maple Strip Lap Shear Test-Test Strips (top),
37、Test Assembly (bottom)D6958034together and clamping the joint at 100 psi (690 kPa) pressure.Test assemblies shall remain clamped for a minimum of 48 h(see Figs. 4 and 5).11.1.5 Test assemblies shall be cured at 75 6 5F (24 63C) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity for a minimum of 7 daysincluding the clam
38、p time. After equilibrating, use a moisturemeter to determine the EMC of all test assemblies, calculateand report the average EMC.11.1.6 Measure and record the length and width of the testarea to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.3 mm). Calculate the test area ofeach test assembly.11.1.7 Test assemblies shall
39、 be secured in a test machine(see Fig. 2) and pulled apart in tension at a rate of 0.1 in./min(2.54 mm/min).11.1.8 Record the ultimate load, location of failure (coating-coating interface, coating-wood interface, within wood), anestimate of the percent wood failure and the average EMC.12. Report12.1
40、 Report the number of samples tested, the location offailure (coating-coating interface, coating-wood interface,within wood), an estimate of the percent wood failure, theaverage EMC and the average shear strength.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Until sufficient data are available as a result of per-formi
41、ng these analyses, no specific precision and bias require-ments can be expressed.SECTION IITEST METHOD CFLOOR SIMULATION TEST14. Significance and Use14.1 This test method was designed as a means of qualita-tively measuring the side-bonding potential of wood coatingsystems. The flooring simulation te
42、st is helpful in giving avisualization of the significance of the tensile/lap shear strengthnumbers generated. Dependent on the specific end use of thecoating, other flooring types, for example, plank, parquet,could also be evaluated under this test method.15. Apparatus15.1 Moisture Meter, meeting t
43、he requirements of TestMethod D 4444.15.2 Face Nailing Machine, capable of face nailing 2 in.(50.8 mm) nail cleats.15.3 Side Nailing Machine, capable of nailing 2 in. (50.8mm) nail cleats into tongue and groove 214 in. (57.2 mm) wide,2532 in. (19.8 mm) thick, maple strip flooring.15.4 Foam Polybrush
44、es, 2 in. (50.8 mm) wide.15.5 120 Grit Sandpaper.15.6 Test Panels, (prepared as described in Section 16).16. Floor Simulation Test Panels16.1 The panel design (see Fig. 6), simulates the installationpattern observed on most gymnasium floors. Informationregarding the installation of wood floors may b
45、e found in theFIG. 4 Front View of Clamp AssemblyD6958035MFMA publications MFMA Guide Specification for DoublePlywood Floor System and MFMA Guide Specification forSleeper and Sleeper with Plywood Floor Systems.16.2 Side-Bonding Test Panel Design:16.2.1 Test panels shall be constructed using two piec
46、es ofplywood2332 by 18 by 36 in. (18.3 by 457 by 914 mm) ExteriorGrade A/C) and maple gymnasium flooring boards (214 in.(57.2 mm) wide,2532 in. (19.8 mm) thick; cut to 6 in. (152mm), 8 in. (203 mm), 10 in. (254 mm), 12 in. (305 mm), 14 in.(356 mm) lengths as necessary to assemble the panels as shown
47、in Fig. 6; No. 2 grade or better). Prior to test panel assembly,the maple boards and plywood are conditioned at 70 6 5F (216 3C) and 80 6 5 % relative humidity for two weeks.16.2.2 Join the plywood pieces together with screws (Fig.7). Attach the first row of maple boards to the plywood usingface nai
48、ls (see Fig. 6). Face nail using 2 in. (50.8 mm) nailcleats. The remaining rows of boards are attached to the panelusing a side nailer using 2 in. (50.8 mm) nail cleats. Followingconstruction, the panels are equilibrated at 70 6 5F (21 63C) and 80 6 5 % relative humidity for two weeks. (TypicallyFIG
49、. 5 Side View of Clamp AssemblyFIG. 6 Nailing Pattern for Maple Strip FlooringD6958036for the woods used, the equilibrium moisture content (EMC)will be approximately 16 % EMC (see X1.3). The total numberof panels evaluated per test is a function of the available spacewith temperature and humidity control. It is recommended thata minimum sample size of two be used.17. Procedure17.1 After equilibration and prior to coating, a moisturemeter is used to determine the initial moisture content of thetest panel, by taking ten random readings and determining t
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