1、Designation: D6966 08D6966 13Standard Practice forCollection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe SamplingMethods for Subsequent Determination of Metals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the collection of settled dust on surfaces using the wipe
3、sampling method. These samples are collectedin a manner that will permit subsequent extraction and determination of target metals in the wipes using laboratory analysistechniques such as atomic spectrometry.1.2 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan which
4、 includes the number and locationof samples) that are used for clearance, hazard evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions,sufficient numbers of samples should be obtained as directed by a sampling plan.plan, for example, in accordance with GuideD7659.1.3 This
5、 practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
6、concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling
7、 and Analysis of AtmospheresD4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD7659 Guide for Strategies for Surface Sampling of Metals and Metalloids for Worker ProtectionD7707 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Beryllium in Surface DustE1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for
8、 Lead in Surface Dust3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms not listed here, see Terminology D1356.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 batch, na group of field or quality control (QC) samples that are collected or processed together at the same time usingthe same reagents and equipment.3.2.2 sampling location
9、, na specific area within a sampling site that is subjected to sample collection.3.2.2.1 DiscussionMultiple sampling locations are commonly designated for a single sampling site (see 3.2.3).3.2.3 sampling site, na local geographic area that contains the sampling locations (see 3.2.2).3.2.3.1 Discuss
10、ion1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality.Current edition approved April 1, 2008April 1, 2013. Published May 2008April 2013. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition app
11、roved in 20032008 asD6966 - 03.D6966 - 08. DOI: 10.1520/D6966-08.10.1520/D6966-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page o
12、n the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that user
13、s consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A sampling site is generally
14、limited to an area that is easily covered by walking.3.2.4 wipe, na disposable towellette that is moistened with a wetting agent. (E1792)3.2.4.1 DiscussionThese towellettes are used to collect samples of settled dust on surfaces for subsequent determination of metals content in thecollected dust.3.3
15、 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 field blank, na wipe (see 3.2.4) that is exposed to the same handling as field samples except that no sample is collected(no surface is actually wiped).3.3.1.1 DiscussionAnalysis results from field blanks provide information on the analyte backgr
16、ound level in the wipe, combined with the potentialcontamination experienced by samples collected within the batch (see 3.2.1) resulting from handling.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Wipe samples of settled dust are collected on surfaces from areas of known dimensions with wipes satisfying certainrequirem
17、ents, using a specified pattern of wiping.4.2 The collected wipes are then ready for subsequent sample preparation and analysis for the measurement of metals of interest.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is intended for the collection of settled dust samples for the subsequent measurement of
18、target metals. Thepractice is meant for use in the collection of settled dust samples that are of interest in clearance, hazard evaluation, riskassessment, and other purposes.5.2 This practice is recommended for the collection of settled dust samples from hard, relatively smooth nonporous surfaces.T
19、his practice is less effective for collecting settled dust samples from surfaces with substantial texture such as rough concrete,brickwork, textured ceilings, and soft fibrous surfaces such as upholstery and carpeting. Collection efficiency for metals such aslead from smooth, hard surfaces has been
20、found to exceed 75 % (E1792).6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Sampling TemplatesOne or more of the following: 10 cm by 10 cm (minimum dimensions) reusable or disposablealuminum or plastic template(s), or disposable cardboard templates, (full-square, rectangular, square “U-shaped,” rectangular“U-shaped,
21、” or “L-shaped,” or both); or templates of alternative areas having accurately known dimensions (see Note 1).Templates shall be capable of lying flat on a surface.NOTE 1For most surfaces, it is recommended to collect settled dust from a minimum surface area of 100 cm2 to provide sufficient material
22、forsubsequent laboratory analysis. However, larger areas (for example, 30 cm by 30 cm) may be appropriate for surfaces having little or no visible settleddust, while a smaller sampling area (for example, 10 cm by 10 cm) may be appropriate for surfaces with high levels of visible settled dust. It isr
23、ecommended to have a suite of templates with various sampling dimensions.6.2 Wipes, for collection of settled dust samples from surfaces. Wipes shall be individually wrapped and fully wetted. Thebackground metal(s) content of the wipes should be as low as possible. At a maximum, the background level
24、 of target metal(s)shall be no more than one-tenth the target concentration the metal(s) to be measured.NOTE 2Wipes meeting the requirements of SpecificationSpecifications E1792 or D7707, or both, may be suitable.NOTE 3Wipes made of cellulosic materials in general may produce fewer analysis problems
25、 than wipes made of synthetic polymeric materials.6.3 Sample Containers, sealable, rigid-walled, 30-mL minimum volume.NOTE 4Screw-top plastic centrifuge tubes are an example of a suitable rigid-walled sample container.NOTE 5Use of a sealable plastic bag for holding and transporting the settled dust
26、wipe sample is not recommended due to the potential loss ofcollected dust within the plastic bag during transportation and laboratory handling. Quantitative removal and processing of the settled dust wipe sampleby the laboratory is significantly improved through the use of sealable rigid-walled cont
27、ainers.6.4 Measuring Tool, tape or ruler, capable of measuring to the nearest 60.1 cm.6.5 Plastic Gloves, powderless.6.6 Cleaning Cloths, for cleaning of templates and other equipment.NOTE 6Wipes used for dust sampling (6.2) can be used for cleaning templates and other sampling equipment, but other
28、cleaning cloths or wipes notmeeting the requirements described in (6.2) may be suitable for this purpose.6.7 Adhesive Tape, suitable for securing the template(s) to the surface(s) to be sampled, and for demarcating sampling areas iftemplates are not used.D6966 132NOTE 7Masking tape, for example, fun
29、ctions well for these purposes.6.8 Disposable Shoe Covers, optional.7. Procedure7.1 Use one of the following two options when collecting settled dust samples from each sampling location. For wide, flatlocations, it is recommended to use the template-assisted sampling procedure (see 7.1.1.2(a). For s
30、mall locations (for example,window sill, section of a piece of equipment, or portion of a vehicle interior), it will ordinarily be necessary to use the confined-areasampling procedure (see 7.1.1.2(b).NOTE 8Metal contamination problems during field sampling can be severe and may affect subsequent wip
31、e sample analysis results. Contaminationcan be minimized through frequent changing of gloves, use of shoe covers (see 6.8), and regular cleaning of sampling equipment with cleaning cloths(see 6.6). Use of disposable shoe covers between different locations, and removal of them prior to leaving the sa
32、mpling site or entering vehicles, can behelpful in minimizing inadvertent transfer of contaminated dust from one location to another.7.1.1 Sampling Procedure:7.1.1.1 Don a pair of clean, powderless, plastic gloves (see 6.5 and Note 8).7.1.1.2 Use either a template-assisted sampling procedure (a) or
33、tape-defined sampling procedure (b):(a.) Carefully place a clean template on the surface to be sampled in a manner that minimizes disturbance of settled dust at thesampling location. Tape the outside edge of the template to prevent the template from moving during sample collection.(b.) Alternatively
34、, mark the defined area to be sampled with adhesive tape (6.7) being careful not to disturb the settled dust, andmeasure the area to be sampled using the measuring tool (6.4).7.1.1.3 Obtain a wipe (6.2) and, if there is a possibility for the package containing the wipe to be contaminated with dust,
35、cleanthe outside of the package with a cleaning cloth (6.6).7.1.1.4 Remove the wipe from its package, and inspect the wipe to ensure that it is fully wetted and not contaminated with dustor other material. Discard the wipe if it is found to be too dry or contaminated, or both.7.1.1.5 Using an open f
36、lat hand with the fingers together, place the wipe on the surface to be sampled. Wipe the selected surfacearea, side to side, in an overlapping “S” or “Z” pattern while applying pressure to the fingertips (refer to Figs. 1 and 2). Wipe thesurface so that the entire selected surface area is covered.
37、Perform the wiping procedure using the fingers and not the palm of thehand.7.1.1.6 Repeat 7.1.1.5 using a different brand of wipe (after selecting a different sampling location) if the wipe originally usedsignificantly changes shape (for example, rolls up by curling) or tears during the wiping proce
38、ss.NOTE 9Some surfaces (for example, rough surfaces) may cause certain wipes to curl up or otherwise significantly change shape during the wipingprocess. A type of wipe that maintains its integrity should be selected for each surface sampled.7.1.1.7 Fold the wipe in half with the collected dust side
39、 folded inward and repeat the preceding wiping procedure (7.1.1.5)within the selected sampling area using an up and down overlapping “S” or “Z” pattern at right angles to the first wiping (see Figs.1 and 2 and Note 10).NOTE 10Wipes are folded to envelop the collected dust within the wipe, to avoid l
40、oss of the collected dust, and to expose a clean wipe surface forfurther dust collection from the sampling location. For sample areas containing large amounts of settled dust, carefully wipe the area to ensure as muchdust as possible within the wipe is captured.NOTE 1Only the center of the wiping pa
41、th is shown, not the entire wiping width. Fig. 1a) shows the first “S” wiping pattern over the surface areato be sampled; Fig 1b) demonstrates the second “S” wiping course over the surface; and Fig. 1c) shows the final wiping which is targeted toward edgesand corners.FIG. 1 Schematic of a Side-to-Si
42、de Overlapping “S” Wiping PatternD6966 1337.1.1.8 Fold the wipe in half again with the collected dust side folded inward and repeat the wiping procedure one more time,concentrating on collecting settled dust from edges and corners within the selected surface area (see Figs. 1 and 2 and Note 10).7.1.
43、1.9 Fold the wipe again with the collected dust side folded inward and insert the wipe into a sample container (6.3).7.1.1.10 Label the sample container with sufficient information to uniquely and indelibly identify the sample.7.1.1.11 Record the dimensions (in square centimetres) of the selected sa
44、mpling area (that is, the internal dimensions definedby the template or the taped area) or that the sample is a blank.7.1.1.12 Discard the gloves.7.2 Collect field blanks at a minimum frequency of 5 % (at least one field blank for every 20 wipe samples collected). Theminimum number of field blanks t
45、o collect for each batch of wipe samples used shallshould be three. Place field blanks in samplecontainers and label these samples in the same fashion as the collected surface dust samples (see 7.1.1.10).7.3 Follow sampling chain of custody procedures to ensure sample traceability. Ensure that the d
46、ocumentation whichaccompanies the samples is suitable for a chain of custody to be established in accordance with Guide D4840.8. Records8.1 Field data related to sample collection shall be documented in a sample log form or field notebook (see Note 11). If fieldnotebooks are used, then they shall be
47、 bound with pre-numbered pages.All entries on sample data forms and field notebooks shallbe made using ink, with the signature and date of entry. Any entry errors shall be corrected by using only a single line throughthe incorrect entry (no scratch outs), accompanied by the initials of the person ma
48、king the correction, and the date of the correction(see Note 12).NOTE 11Field notebooks are useful for recording field data even when preprinted sample data forms are used.NOTE 12These procedures are important to properly document and trace field data.8.2 At a minimum, the following information shal
49、l be documented:8.2.1 Project or client name, address, and city/state/country location.8.2.2 General sampling site description.8.2.3 Information as to the specific collection protocol used (for example, template-assisted; “Z”-wiping pattern, etc.).8.2.4 Information as to the specific type or brand of wipes used, including manufacturer and lot number.8.2.5 Information on quality control (QC) samples: which samples are associated with what group of field blanks.8.2.6 For each sample collected (including field blanks): an individual and unique sample identifi
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