1、Designation: D6973 14Standard Test Method forIndicating Wear Characteristics of Petroleum HydraulicFluids in a High Pressure Constant Volume Vane Pump1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6973; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a constant volume high-pressure vane pump test procedu
3、re for indicating the wearcharacteristics of petroleum hydraulic fluids. See AnnexA1 forrecommended testing conditions for water-based syntheticfluids.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does n
4、ot purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar
5、ds:2E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4021 Hydraulic Fluid PowerParticulate Contamina-tion AnalysisExtraction of Fluid Samples from Lines ofan Operating SystemISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluidsMethod forCoding the
6、 Level of Contamination by Solids ParticlesISO 7745 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFire-Resistant (FR)FluidsGuidelines for UseISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid PowerCalibration of Auto-matic Particle Counters for LiquidsISO 11500 Hydraulic Fluid PowerDetermination of Par-ticulate Contamination by Automatic Counting U
7、sing theLight Extinction Principle2.3 Other Documents:SAE 100R1320 Hydraulic Hose Specification4ANSI/(NFPA) T2.13.1 R3-1998 Recommended PracticeHydraulic Fluid PowerUse of Fire-Resistant Fluids inIndustrial Systems53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 flushing, vthe
8、 process of cleaning the test systembefore testing to prevent cross-contamination.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Hydraulic fluid in the amount of 190 L 6 4 L (50 gal 61 gal) is circulated through a rotary vane pump system for 50 hat a pump speed of 2400 r min 6 20 r/min and a pump outletpressure of 20
9、.7 MPa 6 0.2 MPa (3000 psig 6 20 psig). Fluidtemperature at the pump inlet is 95 C 6 3 C (203 F 6 5 F).An ISO Grade 32 or 10W viscosity is required.4.2 The mass of the cam ring and all ten vanes should beindividually determined before and after the test. The mass lossof the cam ring should be report
10、ed with the combined mass lossof all ten vanes. The intra-vanes (inserts) are not part of therequired mass loss measurements and should be separatelymeasured if desired. Other reported values are fluid cleanlinessbefore and after the test, initial flow rate, and final flow rate.4.3 Prior to installi
11、ng the hydraulic test fluid into the rig, astand flush is required to remove any contaminants. A mini-mum quantity of 190 L 6 4 L (50 gal 6 1 gal) of fluid (seeNote 1) made of the same chemical formulation as the testfluid, is required for the stand flush. Therefore the total quantityof oil required
12、 for the test is 380 L (100 gal).5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is an indicator of the wear character-istics of petroleum hydraulic fluids operating in a constant1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is t
13、he direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.N0.07 on Lubricating Properties.Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6973 081. DOI:10.1520/D6973-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.
14、astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Available fro
15、m Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
16、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1volume vane pump. Excessive wear in vane pumps could leadto malfunction of hydraulic systems in critical industrial ormobile hydraulic applications.6. Apparatus6.1 The basic system consists of the following (see Fig. 1):6.1.1
17、Electric Motor, or other suitable drive, capable of arotational speed of 2400 r/min with 93 kW (125 hp) assuggested minimum power requirement (see Fig. 1, Item 5).6.1.2 Test Stand Base, with appropriate, rigid mounting forthe motor, pump, reservoir, and other components.6.1.3 Rotary Intra-Vane Pump,
18、 replaceable cartridge type,6,7Vickers 35VQ25A-11*20 (Cartridge Kit P/N 4998040-002)8rated at 81 cm3/rev (4.98 in.3/rev) flow at 1200 r/min. Aprotective shield around the pump is recommended.6.1.3.1 There are to be no modifications to the pumphousing.6.1.4 Reservoir, equipped with a baffle and lid,
19、all ofstainless steel construction.6.1.4.1 Additional fluid ports may be added to the reservoiras required by the user to assist in measuring fluid level,reservoir temperature, and so forth.6.1.4.2 If the reservoir is positioned so that the contentscannot be visually checked for air entrainment by r
20、emoving thelid, a fluid-sight glass viewing port may be located in the sideof the reservoir.6.1.5 Pump Outlet Pressure Control Valve, with eithermanual or remote control (see Fig. 1, Item 7).6.1.6 Temperature-control Device, suitable for controllingcoolant flow to the heat exchanger to maintain test
21、 fluid at thespecified temperature (see Fig. 1, Item 9).6.1.7 Temperature Indicator, (see Fig. 1, Item 2) shall havea minimum accuracy of 61 C and shall have an appropriatesensor to monitor pump inlet temperature.6.1.7.1 To prevent a flow disturbance near the pump inletport, the temperature probe sh
22、all have a diameter of not morethan 6 mm (0.25 in.) and positioned not less than 30 cm (12 in.)from the pump inlet port.6.1.7.2 The test fluid temperature probe shall be positionedgreater than 30 cm (12 in.) from the pump inlet cover (see Fig.2). The fluid temperature probe shall be inserted into th
23、emidpoint of flow.6.1.8 Heat-Exchanger, (see Fig. 1, Item 9). The heat ex-changer should be of adequate size and design to remove theexcess heat from the test system when utilizing the availablecoolant supply.6The replaceable cartridge consists of the inlet support plate, outlet supportplate, flex s
24、ide plates, seal pack, rotor, cam ring, intra-vane, and vanes.7The individual cartridge parts can be purchased separately, if desired. TheEaton part numbers for these items are cartridge screws: P/N 410609, alignmentpins: P/N 418108, inlet support plate: P/N 430806, outlet support plate: P/N 412003,
25、flex side plate kit: P/N 923953, seal pack: P/N 433766, rotor: P/N 262154, cam ring:P/N 4999594-001, vane kit (includes ten intra-vanes and ten vanes): 922700.8Available from any Eaton distributor.The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Eaton, 14615 Lone Oak
26、Rd., Eden Prairie, MN 55344, http:/. Ifyou are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.Description of Components:1 Rese
27、rvoir, 190 L (50 gal) of oil; elevated above pump centerline to provide gravity feed2 Temperature gage or thermocouple3 Inlet pressure gage4 Pump: 35VQ25A-11*20 (Cartridge kit P/N 4998040002)5 Electric motor, 93 kW (125 hp)6 Outlet pressure gage7 Pressure relief valve8 Filter9 Cooler10 FlowmeterNOTE
28、 1See Eaton Overhaul Manual I-3144S (Appendix B) (available from any Eaton distributor).FIG. 1 System SchematicD6973 1426.1.9 Outlet Pressure Indicator, (see Fig. 1, Item 6), tomeasure pump discharge pressure, and shall have an accuracyof at least 6100 kPa (615 psi).6.1.10 Inlet Pressure Indicator,
29、(see Fig. 1, Item 3), tomeasure pump inlet pressure, and shall have an accuracy of atleast 67 kPa (61 psi).6.1.11 Filter Unit, (see Fig. 1, Item 8), to limit system debrisfrom causing wear to the test pump. The filter performanceshould be 3 100.6.1.11.1 The filter housing shall be installed with dua
30、lpressure gages (see Fig. 1, Item 13) or a differential pressuretransducer to monitor pressure across the filter to warn ofimpending collapse of the element.6.1.11.2 If dual pressure gages are used to monitor filterpressure, the rated collapse pressure of the filter element shouldbe known.6.1.12 Flo
31、w-Measuring Device, (see Fig. 1, Item 12), withan accuracy of at least 61 L/min (60.25 gpm).NOTE 1See Eaton Overhaul Manual I-3144S (Appendix C) (available from any Eaton distributor).FIG. 2 Pump ComponentsD6973 1436.1.12.1 It is suggested that the test circuit be equipped withsome automated shutdow
32、n capabilities for safety reasons.Safety relays could be any of the following: low-level, highpressure, high temperature, and low flow safety switchesincorporated into the system.6.1.12.2 Acheck should be made to ensure that the flush andtest fluid are compatible with seals or any other materials in
33、 thesystem.6.1.13 Flexible Motor Coupling, to connect the motor driveand the pump.6.1.14 Fluid Sampling Port, in accordance with ISO 4021.6.2 The various components of the test system shall beplaced in the system as indicated in Fig. 1.6.2.1 The test system shall be arranged and provided withnecessa
34、ry drain valves so that complete draining is possiblewith no fluid trap areas.6.2.2 Good hydraulics piping practices should be used whenconstructing the test system to avoid air entrainment points andflow restrictions.6.2.3 The pump should be mounted so that its internalsurfaces can easily be inspec
35、ted and cleaned, alignment can bechecked, and the operator has comfortable access when torqu-ing the head.6.2.4 A pressure transducer, to measure inlet pressure, shallbe placed within 30.5 cm (12 in.) of the opening of the pumpcover.6.2.5 The inlet pressure of the pump shall be 13.8 kPa 67 kPa (2 ps
36、ig 6 1 psig) once the break-in procedure iscomplete and test conditions have been met (see 12.2).NOTE 1See Annex A1 for recommended testing conditions forwater-based synthetic fluids.6.2.6 The reservoir should be mounted so that it can becleaned and filled with ease and the contents may be readilyin
37、spected by removal of the reservoir lid or inspection cover.6.2.7 The inlet line (from the reservoir to the pump intake)shall have an internal diameter of at least 5.08 cm (2 in.) andshall have a straight run of at least 61 cm (24 in.) to the pumpinlet port.NOTE 2Some users prefer to use a radius be
38、nd at the reservoir outletinstead of an elbow. If used, the straight run described in 6.2.7, shall stillbe measured between the end of the bend and the pump inlet port.6.2.8 The high pressure discharge line (from the pump to thepressure control valve) shall have a minimum inside diameterof 31.75 mm
39、(114 in.) with a maximum allowable workingpressure rating greater than 20.7 MPa (3000 psi). A seamlesssteel pipe with a 60 mm outside diameter and 11.1 mm wallthickness (2 in. double extra strong pipeXXS) or equivalenthigh-pressure hose (SAE 100R1320) are recommended forthe discharge line.6.2.9 The
40、fluid return line and fittings (from the pressurecontrol valve to the filter, flowmeter, heat exchanger, andreservoir) should have a minimum inside diameter of 2.54 cm(1 in.). A seamless steel pipe with 33 mm outside diameter and3.4 mm wall thickness (1 in. Schedule 40) is recommended forthe fluid r
41、eturn line.6.2.10 A shut-off valve may be located in the plumbingbetween the reservoir and the inlet to the pump. The full flowvalve shall have a minimum orifice diameter of 5.08 cm (2 in.)and shall be positioned no closer than 30 cm (12 in.) from thepump inlet port.NOTE 3Some users find the additio
42、n of a shut-off valve on the returnline to be a useful addition to the piping since it allows filter changes andother system maintenance to be performed without draining the reservoir.(WarningIf a shut-off valve is installed in the fluid return line, the usershall take procedural steps to ensure tha
43、t this valve has been opened beforethe pump is started. If the valve is not opened, low pressure systemcomponents may rupture.)7. Reagents and Materials7.1 (WarningUse adequate safety provisions with allsolvents.)7.2 Aliphatic Naphtha, Stoddard solvent or equivalent issatisfactory. (WarningCombustib
44、le. Vapor harmful.)7.3 Precipitation Naphtha. (WarningExtremely flam-mable. Harmful if inhaled. Vapors can cause flash fire.)7.4 Isopropanol. (WarningFlammable, vapor harmful inlarge amounts, eye irritant, extremely combustible when hot.)(WarningIn instances when the solvents listed in Section 7are
45、not effective, alternative solvents may be used. It is theresponsibility of the user to determine the suitability ofalternative solvents and any hazards associated with their use.)8. Test Stand Maintenance8.1 Temperature, pressure, flow sensors and shut-offswitches shall be checked periodically for
46、proper calibrationand operation in accordance with good engineering practice, asdetermined by the user.NOTE 4If an axial turbine flowmeter is used, calibrate with 0.876specific gravity, ISO Grade 32 hydraulic oil. Perform a 10-point calibra-tion over a ranges of 0 L min to 227 L min (0 gpm to 50 gpm
47、). Thiscalibration shall be performed by the flowmeter manufacturer or otherqualified personnel.8.2 It is recommended that the pump shaft (PN 242287),shaft seal (PN 394973), and shaft bearings (PN 38441 orequivalent)8(see Fig. 2) be replaced after every ten test runs (orsooner if high mass loss, vib
48、ration, cavitation, or visualdeterioration is encountered).8.3 Inspect the pump cover and body for evidence of gallingmarks or excessive wear and replace if distress is observed.Visually examine the interior of the pump cover and outletbody. Replace if evidence of deterioration is observed.8.4 Check
49、 the surface inside the pump outlet body, wherethe shaft seal is positioned, for conditions that may cause theseal to leak.8.5 Check alignment of the pump and motor shafts. Maxi-mum values of 0.08 mm (0.003 in.) parallel misalignment and0.3 angular misalignment are suggested limits.8.6 Alignment checks shall be made with a torqued car-tridge in place.8.7 Using a dial indicator to check run out, inspect the shaftfor a bent condition by rotating it by hand with the motorcoupling removed.D6973 1448.8 Periodically clean the
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