1、Designation: D 7001 06Standard Specification forGeocomposites for Pavement Edge Drains and Other High-Flow Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers geocomposite drainage panelsused in highway, turf, and other high volume subsurfac
3、edrainage applications. These products consist of a geotextilewrapped around a polymer core. These products are a mini-mum of 25 mm (1 in.) thick and are available in 150 mm (6in.), 300 mm (12 in.), 450 mm (18 in.), and 600 mm (24 in.)widths.1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to
4、provide a subsurface drainage geocomposite suitable for drain-age of surface and subsurface water, sewerage, and leachates.Products produced in accordance with this specification andintended for pavement drainage applications shall be installedin accordance with Practice D 6088.1.3 The values as sta
5、ted in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety a
6、nd health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1777 Test Method for Thickness of Geotextile MaterialsD 2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD 3350 Specification for Po
7、lyethylene Plastic Pipe andFittings MaterialsD 4354 Practice for Sampling Geosynthetics for TestingD 4355 Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextile fromExposure to Ultraviolet Light and Water (Xenon-Arc TypeApparatus)D 4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD 4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of
8、 Geotextilesby PermittivityD 4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength ofGeotextilesD 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-tion of GeotextilesD 4716 Test Method for Determining the (In-Plane) FlowRate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of aGeosynthetic Using a Constant H
9、eadD 4751 Test Method for Determining Apparent OpeningSize of a GeotextileD 4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance ofGeotextiles, Geomembranes, and Related ProductsD 6088 Practice for Installation of Geocomposite PavementDrainsD 6244 Test Method for Vertical Compression of Geocom-posite Pave
10、ment Panel DrainsD 6364 Test Method for Determining the Short-Term Com-pression Behavior of GeosyntheticsD 6707 Specification for Circular-Knit Geotextile for Usein Subsurface Drainage Applications2.2 Other Document:AASHTO M288 Geotextile Materials33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of ter
11、ms relating to geotex-tiles, refer to Terminology D 4439.3.1.1 geocomposite, na product composed of two or morematerials, at least one of which is a geosynthetic. D 44393.1.2 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, orany other geot
12、echnical engineering related material as anintegral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-ability and Filtration.Current edition approved Ja
13、n. 1, 2006. Published February 2006. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 7001 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to
14、 the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
15、959, United States.D 44394. Classification4.1 GeneralThis specification covers geocompositedrainage products or structures intended for high flow volumesubsurface drainage applications. Two distinctly different prod-uct designs are included in this specification, a Class A productcomposed of a cuspa
16、ted or sheet and post core wrapped with ageotextile serving as the outer boundary and a drainage fabric,and a Class B product composed of a series of small round pipeconnected together or a flat pipe design consisting of a fullcircumference core with the geotextile acting only as adrainage fabric.4.
17、1.1 Fittings covered by this application are normallymolded. Fittings may be fabricated from sections of thedrainage core by thermal welding.4.1.2 Fittings intended to outlet these products often transi-tion into pipe systems. These transition fittings are included,but the pipe is not.5. Ordering In
18、formation5.1 When ordering material in accordance with this speci-fication, the following should be specified:5.1.1 The product size (150 mm, 300 mm, 450 mm, or 600mm) (6 in., 12 in., 18 in., or 24 in.).5.1.2 The geocomposite class (Table 2 and Table 3).5.1.3 The geotextile component class (Table 2)
19、.5.1.4 Fittings required. Fittings may be required to couplesections together and to provide outlets, typically transitioningto round pipe.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Basic MaterialsThese products are composites of twoor more materials, typically a drainage core and a geotextilefilter.6.1.1 Core
20、 MaterialsCompounds used in the manufactureof the drainage core and fittings shall be polyethylene with aminimum cell classification of 424420C as defined and de-scribed in Specification D 3350. Compounds that have a highercell classification in one or more properties are acceptable,except for densi
21、ty, which must be cell Class 4, provided theproduct requirements are met.6.1.2 Reworked MaterialsClean rework material, gener-ated from the manufacturers own production, may be used bythe manufacturer provided that the core and fittings producedmeet all requirements of this specification.6.1.3 Geote
22、xtile MaterialsFibers used in the manufactureof geotextiles shall consist of long-chain synthetic polymerscomposed of at least 95 percent by weight of polyolefins orpolyesters.6.2 Manufacture and AssemblyThe geocomposite shall beassembled from the permitted core structures and the geotex-tile.6.2.1
23、CoreThe core structure shall be manufactured bycontinuous extrusion and forming and cut to size.6.2.2 FittingsThe core fittings shall be blow molded,injection molded, rotational molded, thermoformed, or fabri-cated by extrusion or hot plate welding.6.2.3 GeotextileThe geotextile may be knitted, need
24、le-punched non-woven, or spun-bonded non-woven.6.2.4 AssemblyThe geotextile must be attached to theClass A core by heat bonding or gluing; or, for Class B cores,may be formed into a sleeve and placed around the core. Thegeotextile sleeve may be seamed by sewing, gluing, or thermalbonding, or may be
25、a tubular knit.7. Physical Properties7.1 The geocomposite materials covered by this specifica-tion shall have a nominal thickness of 25 mm (1 in.) and anominal width of 150 mm, 300 mm, 450 mm, and 600 mm (6in., 12 in., 18 in., and 24 in.) wide. Product length shall be asagreed to by the customer and
26、 the manufacturer.7.2 The geocomposite products covered by this standard areavailable in two distinctly different forms, an open core with ageotextile wrap that acts as part of the structure as well as afilter, listed as Class A; and a fully enclosed core with ageotextile wrap that acts only as a fi
27、lter, listed as Class B.8. Mechanical and Performance Requirements8.1 The drainage core shall have the properties shown inTable 1.8.2 The geotextile shall have the properties shown in Table2.8.3 The geocomposite shall have the properties shown inTable 3.9. Test Requirements9.1 Compression strength t
28、ests per Test Method D 6364shall be conducted on full width samples a minimum of 300mm (12 in.) long.TABLE 1 Core PropertiesProperty Test Method Minimum ValueOverall Thickness (mm) Test Method D 1777 $ 25 mm (1 in.) (Nominal)Compression Strength (kPa) Test Method D 6364 $ 210 kPa (30 psi) (90)$ 140
29、kPa (20 psi) (50)NOTETable 1 applies to both Class A and Class B cores.TABLE 2 Geotextile PropertiesProperty Test MethodMinimum ValueClass AGeocompositeMinimum ValueClass BGeocompositeGrab Strength Test Method D 4632 700 N 500 NElongation Test Method D 4632 50 % 50 %Seam Strength Test Method D 4632
30、630 N 450 NPuncture StrengthTest Method D 4833 250 N 180 NTrapezoidal Tear Test Method D 4533 250 N 180 NPermittivity Test Methods D 4491 0.5 s-10.5 s-1AOS Test Method D 4751 0.25 mm(max. avg. roll value)0.25 mm(max. avg. roll value)UltravioletDegradationTest Method D 4355Breaking Strength50 % retai
31、nedat 500 h50 % retainedat 500 hNOTEThese properties are for the geotextile for the finished product asapplied to the core, including the effects of any resin bonding orcalendaring done to the material. If circular knit geotextile is used, it shallmeet the requirements of Specification D 6707. Geote
32、xtile properties forClass A cores are listed as Class 2 in AASHTO M288; and for Class Bcores are Class 3 as in AASHTO M288.D70010629.2 Grab Strength, Tensile Strength and Seam Strength ofthe geotextile shall be determined using the test methodscontained inASTM D 4632. This method is not appropriate
33、forknitted fabric. Circular knit geotextile shall meet the require-ments of Specification D 6707.9.3 Puncture resistance of the geotextile shall be determinedusing Test Method D 4833.9.4 Trapezoidal tear resistance of the geotextile shall bedetermined using Test Method D 4533.9.5 Permittivity of the
34、 geotextile shall be determined usingTest Methods D 4491.9.6 Ultraviolet degradation resistance of the geotextile shallbe determined using Test Method D 4355.9.7 Transmissivity of the geocomposite shall be determinedusing Test Method D 4716. Samples tested shall be full widthand a minimum of 300 mm
35、(12 in.) long.9.8 Vertical compression strength shall be determined usingTest Method D 6244.9.9 Flow capacity tests shall be conducted on the size anddesign to be supplied by placing the geocomposite in vertical,as installed, position with soil pressure of 15 N/cm2(22 psi)applied to soil surface abo
36、ve a 2.4 m (8 ft) length andmeasuring the flow capacity of the product when flowing fullat the inlet. (University of Kentucky Test).10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations10.1 Nominal SizeNominal size for the assembled geo-composite shall be a minimum of 25 mm (1 in.) thick and 150mm (6 in.), 300
37、mm (12 in.), 450 mm (18 in.), or 600 mm (24in.) wide. The tolerance on the specified thickness and widthshall be no more than -5 % of the specified value. Measure-ments shall be made in accordance with Test Method D 2122.NOTE 1Tolerance on width is necessary because some core designsmust be cut to s
38、ize at specific points in their structural support pattern.10.2 LengthThese products are extruded and can besupplied in any length agreeable to the user. Length shall not beless than 99 % of the stated value.10.3 PerforationsThe drainage cores shall be perforatedto permit flow into the geocomposite
39、from both sides of thestructure.10.3.1 ClassAcores shall have a minimum perforation openarea of 10 % on the least open side.10.3.2 Class B cores shall have a minimum perforation openarea of 3250 mm2per 0.093 m2(5 in.2/ft2) of surface area, or3.4 % of the surface area.10.4 FittingsThe inside open are
40、a of the couplings andfittings used shall be greater than that of the core. Couplingsshall not damage the core structure.11. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance11.1 The geocomposite material shall consist of a drainagecore and appropriate geotextile covering. The drainage coreshall be uniform in shap
41、e and color, square cut at the ends, andcleanly perforated. The geotextile wrap or sleeve shall fitsnugly without sagging into the void areas of the core. Thegeotextile shall be free of punctures, tears, or separated seams.12. Sampling12.1 Product may be sampled at the production plant or atthe jobs
42、ite. Sampling shall be in accordance with PracticeD 4354.13. Number of Tests and Retests13.1 Flow capacity and transmissivity tests are productqualification tests and need only be done at a frequencyagreeable to the manufacturer and the purchaser.13.2 Compression testing (Test Method D 6364) and mea
43、-surements of thickness, perforations, width, and length shall bedone on every lot.14. Product Marking14.1 The product core shall be clearly marked at intervals ofnot more than 6 m, and fittings and couplings shall be clearlymarked, as follows:14.1.1 Manufacturers name or trademark,14.1.2 Nominal si
44、ze or height,14.1.3 Specification designation ASTM X XXXX,14.1.4 Plant designation code, and14.1.5 The date of manufacture or an appropriate code.15. Quality Assurance15.1 When the product or product packing is marked withtheASTM designation X XXXX, the manufacturer affirms thatthe product was manuf
45、actured, inspected, sampled, and testedin accordance with this specification and has been found tomeet the requirements of this specification.15.2 Upon request of the user, the manufacturer shallprovide certification that the product was produced and testedin accordance with this specification. Cert
46、ification shall befurnished at the time of shipment.16. Keywords16.1 edgedrain; geocomposite; geosynthetic; geotextile;pavement edgedrain; polyethylene; underdrainTABLE 3 Geocomposite PropertiesProperty Test Method Minimum Value Class A Minimum Value Class BTransmissivity (per 300 mm (12 in.) of wid
47、th) Test Method D 4716 $ 0.001 m3/s ($ 0.035 CFS) $ 0.001 m3/s ($ 0.035 CFS)Vertical Compression Test Method D 6244 # 5 % loss of cross sectional areaat 4450 N (1000 lbf)# 5 % loss of cross sectional areaat 4450 N (1000 lbf)Flow Capacity (Vertical position)(per 300 mm (12 in.) of width)University of
48、 KentuckyIn-Plane Flow Test0.001 m3/s (0.03 ft3/s) 0.002 m3/s (0.067 ft3/s)D7001063APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. FLOW TEST/COMPRESSION TEST OF PAVEMENT EDGE PANEL DRAINSKENTUCKY METHODX1.1 ScopeX1.1.1 This method covers a procedure for determining theflow capacity of edge panel drains while
49、under verticalcompression, and while encapsulated in a sand backfill. Thetest measures the flow capacity of the edge drain panel whileplaced on a 3 % grade and under a 22 psi vertical load.X1.1.2 ApplicationThis method shall apply to all panel orfin-type pavement edge drains. This may include but not belimited to all cuspated types, those types with posts, types thatare similar to deformed pipe, and any other design.X1.2 ApparatusX1.2.1 Flow/Compression BoxThe flow/compression boxmust be capable of holding the specimen and sand backfill, andit must be capab
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