ASTM D7032-2010a 3125 Standard Specification for Establishing Performance Ratings for Wood-Plastic Composite Deck Boards and Guardrail Systems (Guards or Handrails)《木塑复合材料铺板及护栏系统(防.pdf

1、Designation: D7032 10aStandard Specification forEstablishing Performance Ratings for Wood-PlasticComposite Deck Boards and Guardrail Systems (Guards orHandrails)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7032; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal

2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the procedures to establish aperformance r

3、ating for wood-plastic composite (WPC) deckboards. This specification also defines the procedures toestablish a performance rating for WPC guards and handrails.The purpose of this specification is to establish the basis forcode recognition of these products or systems in exteriorapplications where c

4、ombustible construction is allowed (seeX1.1).NOTE 1While WPCs may contain wood fiber, the presence of woodfiber in the composite is not required by this standard. Other lignocellu-losic materials may be used. For WPC deck boards and guardrail systemsevaluated according to this standard, the structur

5、al, physical, and fireattributes may or may not exhibit similarity to those of wood due to thepresence, type, and quantity of plastic(s) in the composite. WPCs shouldnot be assumed to behave similarly to wood. For example, to address theinfluence of plastic in the composite, special considerations i

6、n the standardaddress sensitivity to temperature, ultraviolet (UV) exposure, and freeze-thaw resistance.1.2 Deck boards, guards, and handrails covered by thisspecification are permitted to be of any code compliant shapeand thickness (solid or non-solid).NOTE 2While WPCs are produced in a broad range

7、 of ratios of fiberto resin it is recognized that the performance requirements in thisspecification are valid for any material or combination of materials usedas deck boards, guards, or handrails. For products made primarily fromresin, or for products that exhibit highly plastic properties (for exam

8、ple,more than 3 % strain without rupture in a standard flexural test underambient conditions), users are directed to Specification D6662 foradditional guidance.1.3 Adeck board, and a deck board used as a stair tread, areassigned a span rating indicating its ability to comply withmodel code specified

9、 functions identified for its specific enduse. A guard or handrail is recognized for its ability to meetminimum code requirements specified in the appropriate modelbuilding code.1.4 Details of manufacturing processes may be proprietaryand are beyond the scope of this specification.1.5 The values sta

10、ted in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us

11、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.7 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3General Requirements 4Sampling 4.1Sample Size

12、4.2Conditioning 4.3Flexural Tests 4.4Temperature and Moisture Effects 4.5Ultraviolet (UV) Resistance Test 4.6Freeze-Thaw Resistance Test 4.7Biodeterioration Tests 4.8Fire Performance Tests 4.9Deck Board Performance Requirements 5General 5.1Flexural Performance Tests 5.2Determination of the Unadjuste

13、d Allowable Load 5.3Creep-Recovery Test 5.4Mechanical Fastener Holding Tests 5.5Slip Resistance Test 5.6Guard and Handrail Performance Requirements 6General 6.1Guardrail System Test Requirements 6.2One- and Two-Family Dwelling Requirements 6.2.1.1Handrail Test Requirements (Concentrated Load) 6.3Rep

14、ort 7Independent Inspection 8Manufacturing Standard 9Precision and Bias 10Keywords 11Two-Span Test Method Annex A11This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on Lumber and EngineeredWood Products.Current edition a

15、pproved Dec. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7032 10. DOI:10.1520/D7032-10A.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.SectionFire Propagation Test Methods

16、 Annex A2Commentary AppendixX12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD198 Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in StructuralSizesD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Ma

17、terialsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel MaterialsD1413 Test Method for Wood Preservatives by LaboratorySoil-Block CulturesD1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-ticle Panel MaterialsD1761 Test Metho

18、ds for Mechanical Fasteners in WoodD1929 Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperatureof Plastics3D1972 Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic ProductsD2017 Test Method of Accelerated Laboratory Test ofNatural Decay Resistance of WoodsD2047 Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction ofPolish

19、-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by theJames MachineD2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing ofWood and Wood-Base Finish FlooringD2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD2915 Practice for Evaluating Allowable Properties forGrades of Structural

20、 LumberD3345 Test Method for Laboratory Evaluation of Wood andOther Cellulosic Materials for Resistance to TermitesD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsD4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic MechanicalPropertiesD4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumberand Wood-B

21、ase Structural MaterialD5764 Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strengthof Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD6109 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unrein-forced and Reinforced Plastic Lumber and Related Prod-uctsD6662 Specification for Polyolefin-Based Plastic LumberDecking BoardsE84 Test Me

22、thod for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE108 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof CoveringsE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterF1679 Test Method for Using a Variable Incidence Tribom-eter (VI

23、T)3G154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials2.2 Other References:AWPAStandard E1 Standard Method for Laboratory Evalu-ation for Determination of Resistance to SubterraneanTermites4AWPA Standard E10 Standard Method of Testing WoodPreservatives by

24、Laboratory Soil-Block Cultures42009 International Building Code International Code Coun-cil, Inc.52009 International Residential Code International CodeCouncil, Inc.53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology used to describe WPCs aredefined in Terminologies D9, D883, D1554, and D4092,Practice D1972,

25、and Classification D4000.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 center-point loada flexure test where the load comesin contact with the test specimen at a location that is12 the testspan.3.2.2 guarda building component or a system of buildingcomponents located at or near the open s

26、ides of elevatedwalking surfaces that minimizes the possibility of a fall fromthe walking surface to a lower level.3.2.3 handraila rail intended for grasping by the hand forguidance or support.3.2.4 quarter-point loadinga flexure test where the loadcomes in contact with the test specimen at two loca

27、tions, eachof which is located at14 the span from the specimen loadsupport. For example, quarter-point loading for a test specimenon a 24-in. (610-mm) span would have two equal loads contactthe test specimen each located 6 in. in from the test specimenload support. The distance between the two point

28、s of loadwould be 12 in. (305 mm).3.2.5 span ratingan index number that identifies the testspan used in all structural load testing, which is the maximumcenter-to-center support spacing for the specified end use, andallowable design capacity, in pounds per square foot (lbf/ft2(kN/m2), determined in

29、accordance with this specification.For example, a deck span rating of16100 recognizes the deckboard for installation perpendicular to the floor joists spaced amaximum of 16 in. (406 mm) on center, and for supporting theload combinations required by the applicable code, which inthis case cannot excee

30、d 100 lbf/ft2(4.79 kN/m2).3.2.6 third-point loadinga flexure test where the loadcomes in contact with the test specimen at two locations, eachof which is located at13 the span from the specimen loadsupport. For example, third-point loading for a test specimen2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the

31、 ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Availa

32、ble from American Wood-Preservers Association (AWPA), P.O. Box361784, Birmingham, AL 35236-1784, http:/.5Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 22041-3401, http:/www.intlcode.org.D7032 10a2on a 24-in. (610-mm) span would have two equal loads c

33、ontactthe test specimen each located 8 in. in from the test specimenload support. The distance between the two points of loadwould also be 8 in. (205 mm).3.2.7 wood-plastic composite (WPC)a composite madeprimarily from wood- or cellulose-based materials and plas-tic(s).4. General Requirements4.1 Sam

34、plingSamples for testing shall be representativeof the population being evaluated. Sampling shall be represen-tative of the possible variations due to changes in raw materialsand process variables over time. It is essential to considerbatch-to-batch and shift-to-shift variability when samplingactual

35、 production. Test specimens shall be selected fromseveral production runs of a given item. Products shall besampled at the manufacturing site by an accredited third partyinspection agency or testing laboratory. Exceptions to samplingat the manufacturing site, such as at a warehouse or distributionce

36、nter, shall be documented in the test report.4.2 Sample SizeSelection of a sample size depends uponthe property to be estimated, the actual variation in the propertyoccurring in the population, and the precision with which theproperty is to be estimated. The principles of Practice D2915shall be foll

37、owed. The minimum sample size shall provideestimation of mean values within 5 % in accordance with 3.4.2of Practice D2915.4.3 ConditioningPrior to testing, all specimens shall beconditioned to environmental conditions appropriate for theintended end use of the product. Alternatively, test specimenss

38、hall be conditioned for a minimum of 40 h at 68F 6 4F(20C 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % RH. If data show that productproperties are not affected by extreme moisture conditions,such as submersion, the material shall be permitted to be testedwithout special conditioning. When the product is to besubjected to a w

39、ater soak environment, the test specimens shallbe tested within 30 min upon removal from the treatment.4.4 Flexural TestsFlexural strength and stiffness shall bedetermined in accordance with principles of Test MethodsD4761 or D6109. Alternatively, to assess compliance withperformance requirements in

40、 its intended installed configura-tion, the deck boards shall be tested according to the two-spanmethod defined in Annex A1. The test specimen cross sectionshall be the minimum anticipated structural size for theintended end use. The test span shall be that for which coderecognition is desired. The

41、specimens shall be loaded at aconstant strain rate of 1 % per minute (610 %). Average timeto failure for each test configuration shall be recorded (seeCommentary, X1.2).Aconstant strain rate of 1 % per minute isachieved by using a constant rate of test machine crossheadmotion, R, (inches/minute) com

42、puted in terms of the test span,L, and the member depth, d, by the following equation:R 5 0.00185 3 L2/d (1)For members where the depth (vertical dimension) is varyingalong the member length, the depth (d) shall be taken as thegross member depth at the point of maximum moment.NOTE 3Eq 1 is based on

43、the maximum extreme fiber strain at midspanof a horizontally symmetric simple span member. For a product that issymmetric about its horizontal axis, Eq 1 yields the target strain rate atboth the extreme tensile and extreme compressive faces. For a product thatis not symmetric about its horizontal ax

44、is, the Eq 1 strain rate is theaverage of the strains at these faces. See Commentary for additionalinformation.NOTE 4Some WPCs exhibit exceptionally large deformations prior tofailure in bending. Users are cautioned to take particular care in testmachine set-up to accommodate large deflections, both

45、 in terms ofdeflection-measuring devices and support conditions.4.4.1 Flexural StrengthModulus of rupture (MOR)ormoment capacity shall be reported for each specimen. Flexuralstrength shall be calculated from the maximum load achievedor the load at 3 % strain, whichever occurs first.4.4.2 Flexural St

46、iffnessApparent modulus of elasticity(MOE)orEI shall be reported for each specimen. Flexuralstiffness shall be calculated from a linear least squares fit of thestress-strain curve over the range of 10 to 40 % of ultimatestress.4.4.3 The flexural strength and stiffness for deck board,guard, and handr

47、ail materials shall be determined in accor-dance with 4.4 and shall be used to establish a standardbaseline performance level for comparison with future produc-tion during the required quality control audits.4.5 Temperature and Moisture Effects:4.5.1 Temperature EffectTesting shall be conducted tove

48、rify that allowable span and load ratings are applicable at arange of temperatures expected in service. For purposes of thisspecification, the lower and upper temperatures shall be -20 64F (-29 6 2C) and 125 6 4F (52 6 2C), respectively.Flexure tests shall be conducted to failure at the desired span

49、.A minimum of 10 specimens shall be tested at each tempera-ture. The flexural strength and stiffness shall be determined inaccordance with 4.4 and the average change in propertiesbetween the flexural strength and stiffness of the controlflexural specimens and the specimens tested at low and hightemperatures shall be calculated as a percentage and reported.4.5.2 Moisture EffectTesting shall be conducted to verifythat allowable span and load ratings are applicable at moistureconditions expected in service. Flexure tests shall be conducte