1、Designation: D7047 12D7047 15Standard Test Method forMucilloid ContentSwell Volume of Plantago Insularis (Ovata,Psyllium)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7047; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 Quantitative test method to determine the mucilloid contentswell volume of plantago insularis (Ovata, Psylli
3、um).1.2 The purpose of this test method is to provide a means of evaluating the amount of mucilloid in a plantago insularis (Ovata,Psyllium).swell volume, millilitres per gram, of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in paren
4、thesisparentheses are provided forinformation only.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026.1.4.1 For purposes of comparing, a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calcula
5、ted value(s)shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.1.4.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industrystandard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits
6、that generally should be retained. The procedures used do notconsider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives;and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate wit
7、h these considerations.It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standar
8、d to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3740 Practice for Minimum Require
9、ments for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and ConstructionMaterials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits
10、 in Geotechnical DataE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard refer to Terminology D6
11、35.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and SedimentControl Technology.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012June 1, 2015. Published October 2012July 2015. Originally approved in 2004. La
12、st previous edition approved in 20042012 asD704704.12. DOI: 10.1520/D7047-12.10.1520/D7047-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document
13、Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recomm
14、ends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.1.2 tackifier
15、, nin erosion control, a substance by which its characteristics are used for bonding various types of materialsand/or soil together.3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For common definitions of technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Product specimen is taken and w
16、eighed, saturated and measured. The mucilloid content is expressed as a percent.Psylliumsubstrate is saturated with simulated intestinal fluid and the swell volume recorded after 24 h.5. Significance and Use5.1 The meaning of the test is related to the manufacturing and end use of the material, to d
17、etermine characteristics of products.5.2 The volume of swell reflects the amount of hydrophilic mucilloid present in psyllium.5.3 A manufacturer of raw psyllium will base the grade of psyllium produced on multiple properties of which swell volume isone.5.4 The higher the grade of psyllium the higher
18、 the swell volume, thus a greater percent of mucilloid present. For the erosioncontrol industry, the higher the swell volume of the psyllium the greater its bonding strength and relative performance.5.5 Erosion control contractors and those writing erosion control specifications will use this test m
19、ethod to evaluate the gradeof psyllium being used as a hydraulically applied erosion control product. The swell volume will help determine the applicationrate of psyllium needed to meet the erosion control performance criteria.6. Apparatus6.1 Electronic Gram Scale or Balance Scale,Balance, as define
20、d in Guide D4753, minimum accuracy 0.1 gms.with a minimumcapacity of 100 g and minimum readability of 0.001 g.6.2 Graduated 50.0 mL Glass Cylinder , 250 mL Cylinder, with ground glass stopper.6.3 Weighting Boat. 1000 mL Flask.6.4 60 Minute Timer, graduated in one minute intervals.6.5 pH Meter, calib
21、rated to manufacturers specifications.6. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units6.1 Prepare specimen by separating 3.0 g of plantago insularis (Ovata, Psyllium) from an undamaged bag by taking 13 from thetop of the bag, 13 from the middle of the bag and 13 from the bottom of the bag.7. Reagents7.1
22、Reagent-grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents conform to thespecifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where such specifications areavailable.3 Other grades may be used, provided it is fir
23、st ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its usewithout lessening the accuracy of the determination.7.2 Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming to SpecificationD1193, Type IV.7.3 Monobasic potassium phosphat
24、e (KH2PO4).7.4 Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).8. Sampling8.1 For a commercially available pre-blended and quality controlled product, separate 30 g of psyllium sample from anundamaged bag, one sample per blended lot.8.2 For unblended commercially prepackaged material, separate a 30 g sample from an undamag
25、ed bag by taking one third fromthe top of the bag, one third from the middle of the bag, and one third from the bottom of the bag9. Procedure9.1 Weigh weighting boat and place 1.0 g of the plantago insularis (Ovata, Psyllium) specimen in the weightingboat.Preparation of Simulated Intestinal Fluid TS
26、 (Test Solution):9.1.1 Add 900 mL of reagent water to a 1000-mL graduated flask.9.1.2 Add 6.8 g of monobasic potassium phosphate.9.1.3 Add 0.896 g of sodium hydroxide.D7047 1529.1.4 Adjust the pH to 7.5 6 0.1 with a 0.5 M premixed sodium hydroxide solution.9.1.5 Adjust the volume with reagent water.
27、7.2 Transfer the sample in the weighting boat quantitatively to the graduated cylinder.7.3 Add 20 mls tap water to the cylinder then close cylinder with glass stopper.7.4 Shake the cylinder vigorously for 1 min.9.2 Set the timer for 60 min and start it, shake the cylinder vigorously for 1 min when t
28、he timer indicates the minutes elapsedfor the procedure has reached 9, 19, 29, 39, 49, and 59.Swell Volume:9.2.1 Transfer 125 mL of simulated intestinal fluid TS to a 250-mL graduated cylinder.9.2.2 Add 1.75 g of psyllium substrate, stopper and shake until a uniform suspension is formed. Measure and
29、 record the amountof psyllium substrate added to the nearest 0.01 g.9.2.3 Dilute the fluid to 250-mL with simulated intestinal fluid.9.2.4 Set the timer for 30 minutes, stopper and shake the graduated cylinder for 1 minute every 30 minutes for 8 hours.9.2.5 Allow the gel to settle for 16 additional
30、hours (24 hours total) at room temperature.9.2.6 Measure and record the volume of gel to the nearest 1 mL.7.6 After shaking the cylinder for the final time, allow the cylinder to stand for 23 h.7.7 Record to the nearest ml the column which is a suspended solid.8. Calculation or Interpretation of Res
31、ults8.1 Calculate the percentage mucilloid as follows:Mucilloid Content%5S/W 3100 (1)where:S = mls of the suspended solid, andW = 20 mls of tap water.10. Calculations10.1 Calculate the swell volume as follows:Sell VolumemL/g!5V/G (1)where:V = millilitres of gel, andG = grams of psyllium.9. Report9.1
32、 Report the equation as a percentage.11. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)11.1 The methodology used to specify how data are recorded on the test data sheet(s)/form(s), as given below, is covered in 1.5.11.2 Record as a minimum the following general information (data):11.2.1 Sample/specimen identify
33、ing information, such as Product Name, Production Lot Number and Quantity, Date ofProduction and any other product identifying information.11.3 Record as a minimum the following test specimen data:11.3.1 The amount of psyillium substrate, 1.75g.11.3.2 The volume of the gel to the nearest 1 mL.11.3.3
34、 Record the swell volume, to the nearest one millilitre per gram (mL/g).11.3.4 Laboratory performing the test, lab technician performing the test, and date of testing.12. Precision and Bias312.1 PrecisionIt is not possible to specify the precision of the procedure in The precision of this test metho
35、d is based on anintralaboratory study ofASTM WK34944 New Standard Test Method for Swell Volume of Psyllium, conducted in 2012.Asinglelaboratory participated in this study, testing four different materials over time. Every “test result” represents an individualdetermination. The laboratory reported t
36、hree replicate test results for each material. Except for the use of only one laboratory,3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D18-1021. Contact ASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D7047 153Practice D7047E691 for
37、 mucilloid content of plantago insularis (Ovata, Psyllium) used as a tackifier because no material havingan accepted reference value is available.was followed for the design and analysis of the data; the details are given in ASTMResearch Report No. D18-1021.12.1.1 Repeatability (r)The difference bet
38、ween repetitive results obtained by the same operator in a given laboratory applyingthe same test method with the same apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test material within short intervalsof time would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method,
39、 exceed the following values only in one casein 20.12.1.1.1 Repeatability can be interpreted as maximum difference between two results, obtained under repeatability conditions,that is accepted as plausible due to random causes under normal and correct operation of the test method.12.1.1.2 Repeatabil
40、ity limits are listed in Table 1.12.1.2 Reproducibility (R)The difference between two single and independent results obtained by different operators applyingthe same test method in different laboratories using different apparatus on identical test material would, in the long run, in thenormal and co
41、rrect operation of the test method, exceed the following values only in one case in 20.12.1.2.1 Reproducibility can be interpreted as maximum difference between two results, obtained under reproducibilityconditions, that is accepted as plausible due to random causes under normal and correct operatio
42、n of the test method.12.1.2.2 Reproducibility limits cannot be calculated from a single laboratorys results.12.1.3 The terms repeatability limit and reproducibility limit are used as specified in Practice E177.12.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with statement 9.1.1 would normally have an approximate
43、95 % probability of beingcorrect, however the precision statistics obtained in this ILS must not be treated as exact mathematical quantities which areapplicable to all circumstances and uses. The limited number of laboratories reporting replicate results essentially guarantees thatthere will be time
44、s when differences greater than predicted by the ILS results will arise, sometimes with considerably greater orsmaller frequency than the 95 % probability limit would imply. Consider the repeatability limit as a general guide, and theassociated probability of 95 % as only a rough indicator of what c
45、an be expected.12.2 BiasThere is At the time of the study, there was no accepted reference value for material suitable for determining thebias for this test method, therefore, bias cannot be determined.therefore no statement on bias is being made.12.3 The precision statement was determined through s
46、tatistical examination of 12 results, from a single laboratory, on fourmaterials described as:Sample 1: Moderate Swell PsylliumSample 2: High Swell PsylliumSample 3: Low Swell PsylliumSample 4: Moderate Swell Psyllium13. Keywords13.1 erosion control; mucilloid;insularis; muciloid; mucilloid; ovata;
47、plantago insularis; plantago; psyllium; tackifierswellASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent r
48、ights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either fo
49、r revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multi
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