1、Designation: D7140 07D7140/D7140M 13Standard Test Method toMeasure Heat Transfer Through Textile Thermal BarrierMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7140;D7140/D7140M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of heat transfer of textile materials which are used as
3、thermal barriers when exposedto a calibrated convective and radiant energy heat source for 60 seconds.s.1.1.1 This standard is used to determine if the heat transfer is sufficient to ignite flammable materials which are contiguous tothe textile thermal barriers.1.2 This standard is used as a means t
4、o differentiate textile materials.1.3 This test method is not intended to measure the insulation properties of materials used in protective clothing.1.4 The values stated in either acceptable metric SI units or in other units shall inch-pound units are to be regarded separatelyas standard. The value
5、s expressedstated in each system must be may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of each other, without combining values in any way. the other. Combining values from the two systems may resultin non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard measures and
6、describesis used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies toheat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditio
7、ns.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced
8、Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles2.2 Other Standards:State of California, Technical Bulletin 603 Requirements and Test Procedures for Resistance of a Mattress/Boxspring Set to aLarge Open Flame, January, 2
9、0043Code of Federal Regulations Title 16 Consumer Product Safety Commission Part 1633, Standard for the Flammability ofMattress Sets43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 exposure energy to thermal end point, nthe thermal energy transferred through a specimen that is sufficient to causeignition of con
10、tiguous materials.3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: break open, charring, dripping, embrittlement, exposure energy to thermalend point, heat flux, ignition, melting, shrinkage.1 This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsib
11、ility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007March 15, 2013. Published January 2007April 2013. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 asD7140 05. DOI: 10.1520/D7140-07.10.1520/D7140-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM web
12、site, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from the State of California.4 Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330
13、 East West Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http:/www.cpsc.gov.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes
14、accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
15、 States13.1.1 For all terminology relating to D13.52, Flammability, refer to Terminology D4391.3.2 For all terminology related to Textiles see Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A textile thermal barrier that is used to prevent transfer of heat to flammable materials which are contiguous
16、to this barrierare exposed to a controlled radiant and convective heat source for 60 seconds.s.4.2 The heat transfer is measured using a data collection system.4.3 Performance of thermal barrier textile material is determined by the amount of heat transferred through the specimen.5. Significance and
17、 Use5.1 This test method measures the level of heat transfer through the thermal barrier textile material within a specific period oftime.5.2 This test method is used to evaluate thermal barriers and determine if they are able to withstand impingement by an openflame.5.2.1 This test method is used t
18、o evaluate heat transfer when thermal barrier textile materials are used in conjunction withmaterials that demonstrate any of the following behaviors when exposed to high heat:break opencharringdrippingembrittlementignitionmeltingshrinkage5.3 This test method cannot be used in place of the full scal
19、e test method TB603.TB603 or 16 CFR 1633.NOTE 1This test method is intended to be used to evaluate thermal barrier textile materialsmaterial, used as the thermal barrier component formattresses whichthat are tested to comply with California Technical Bulletin 603 (TB603). (TB603) or with 16 CFR 1633
20、, two standards which aretechnically identical. Data obtained by using this method may provide sufficient information to proceed with this more expensive is intended to provideinformation as to whether it would be helpful to proceed with the full scale testing.5.3.1 This test method can be used as p
21、art of a supplier quality assurance program.5.4 This test method is not intended to be used in evaluating heat transfer of thermal barrier textile materials used in protectiveclothing.5.5 This test method is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, since information on interla
22、boratoryprecision is incomplete. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier shall agree to test a commercial shipment of one or morespecific materials and establish their own interlaboratory precision and bias, and also agree on acceptability limits.6. Apparatus6.1 Arrange components as shown in F
23、ig. 1.FIG. 1 Test ApparatusD7140/D7140M 1326.1.1 Details of the calorimeter construction are shown in Fig. 2.6.2 Liquid propane or natural gas with appropriate reducer and valving arrangement.6.3 A gas rotometer with range to give flow equivalent to 2 L (.0070.007 ft3)/min./min. air at standard cond
24、itions.6.4 Meeker or Fisher burner with 38 mm (1.5“) 1.5 in. diameter top and with orifice size of 1.2 mm (3/64“) 3/64 in. fornatural gas. Propane requires a special orifice.6.5 Copper calorimeter mounted in an insulating block and constructed as shown in Fig. 2.6.5.1 Calorimeter is painted black us
25、ing a high temperature flat black stove pipe primer.6.6 Dimensions for two (2) mounting plates are Length 6 in. (152 mm), Width 6 in. (152 mm),152 mm 6 in., Width 152 mm6 in., each with a 3 in. (76 mm) 3 in. (76 mm)76 mm 3 in. by 76 mm 3 in. hole in center. Each plate thickness is 1/8 in.(3 mm).3 mm
26、 1/8 in. See Fig. 3. The bottom plate which faces the flame must be made of steel. The top plate must also be madeof steel.6.7 Any strip chart recorder with full scale deflection of at least 150 C (300F)300F or 10 mV and sufficient sensitivity andscale divisions to read sensor response to 1C (2 F) o
27、r +/- 0.05 2 F or 60.05 mv. A chart speed to read exposure time to +/-0.01 sec. 60.01 s is required.6.8 Specimen Holder, see Fig. 3 Three complete assemblies are desirable.6.9 Laboratory standard ring support and clamp are used to hold specimen holder assembly and position the burner.FIG. 2 Calorime
28、ter PlacementD7140/D7140M 1337. Hazards7.1 Perform the test in a hood or ventilated area to carry combustion products away. If air currents disturb the flame, shield theapparatus or turn off the hood while running the test, then turn the hood on after the test to clear fumes. Exercise care in handli
29、ngthe burner with the open flame. Maintain adequate separation between flame and combustible materials.7.2 The specimen holder and calorimeter assembly can become heated during prolonged testing. Use protective gloves whenhandling these hot objects.NOTE 2Some test specimens are hazardous when expose
30、d to direct flames. Use care when the ignited specimen releases combustible gases. Removethe burner using gloves and allow the sample to burn out, or smother it with a plate.7.3 Shut off the gas supply at the cylinder and allow flame to burn the gas from the lines when testing is completed.8. Sampli
31、ng and Test Specimen Preparation8.1 Lot SampleRandomly select the number of rolls or pieces of fabric directed in an applicable material specification or otheragreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls or pieces of fabric to be the primary sampling units. In theabsence of s
32、uch an agreement, take the number of fabric rolls specified in Table 1. Consider a single shipment of one style of fabricas the lot. A lot may constitute part of a single customer order.NOTE 3An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and supplier requires taking into account
33、 the variability between rollsor pieces of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll or piece of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producers risk,consumers risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.8.2 Laboratory SampleTake a swatch extending the width
34、 of the fabric and approximately 1 m (1 yd)1 yd along the machinedirection from each roll or piece in the lot sample. For rolls of fabric, take a sample that will exclude fabric from the outer wrapof the roll or the inner wrap around the core of the roll of fabric.3“ 76 mm 3 in. square hole centered
35、 in the middle of each of the 6“ 6“ 152 by 152 mm 6 by 6 in. plates.FIG. 3 Specimen Mounting PlateD7140/D7140M 1348.3 Test SpecimensCut and identify five test specimens from each swatch in the laboratory sample. Make each test specimen133 by 133 +/-6 2 mm (5.25“ 5.25“ +/-5.25 by 5.25 6 116 in.)in. w
36、ith two sides of the specimen parallel with either themachine direction or cross machine direction. Do not cut samples closer than 10 % of the material width from the edge. Takespecimens representing a broad distribution across the width. Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or wrinkles. Avo
37、idgetting oil, water, grease, etc., on the specimens when handling.9. Calibration9.1 Position the ring support on the vertical bar of the ring stand with a right angle clamp. Center the ring support over the centerof the burner. The distance between the bottom of the specimen holder and the top of t
38、he burner must be 50 6 1.6 mm (22 6116 in.).in.9.1.1 Reduce the pressure on the gas supply to 55 kPa (8psig) 8 psig for proper flame adjustment.9.1.2 Place the calorimeter facing down so that it is exposed directly to the flame.9.1.3 Record the response of the calorimeter for at least 30 seconds.s.9
39、.1.3.1 Select the lowest temperature on the curve where the response is linear and determine the increase in temperature risefor 20 seconds.s.9.1.3.2 Subtract the 20 sec.s reading from the initial reading to determine temperature increase 145 6 3.3 C (293293 66F)6F or 1.10 +/- .026 0.02 cal/cm2 sec.
40、 second. When this heat flux has been achieved, repeat the calibration procedure toconfirm the results.9.1.3.2.1When this heat flux has been achieved, repeat the calibration procedure to confirm the results.9.1.3.3 Adjust the heat flux of the flame exposure to 1.1 calories/cm2/sec./second by setting
41、 the gas flow through the rotometerand adjusting the flame with the needle valve in the base of the burner.Approach the settings from a low gas flow to prevent placingthe hottest portion of the flame below the sensor. The correct exposure results from a flame with the air baffles at the bottom ofthe
42、 burner closed completely. This may require taping to seal the air inlets of the burner.9.2 Cool the sensor to room temperature after each exposure using a jet of air or by contact with a cold surface.9.2.1 Reheat the sensor to approximate body temperature by contact with the palm of the hand just p
43、rior to positioning overthe test specimen.9.2.2 Do not adjust the zero setting of the recorder.9.2.3 Sample holder careUse dry sample holders at room temperature for test runs. Alternate with several sets of holders topermit cooling between runs, or force cooling with air or water. When required, cl
44、ean condensed tars and soot from holders witha non aqueous solvent.9.3 Wipe the sensor face immediately after each run, while hot, to remove any decomposition products which condense andcould be a source of error.9.4 If a deposit collects and appears to be thicker than a thin layer of paint or is ir
45、regular, the sensor surface requiresreconditioning.9.4.1 Reconditioning ProcedureCarefully clean the cooled sensor with acetone or petroleum solvent. Repaint the surface witha thin layer of high temperature flat black stove pipe primer.9.4.2 Perform at least one calibration run before using the reco
46、nditioned sensor in a test run.10. Procedure10.1 Center the specimen flat on the mounting plate so that the side of the thermal barrier fabric which would be exposed tothe heat source is facing down toward the burner.10.1.1 Place the second mounting plate with calorimeter on top of the sample.10.1.2
47、 The total mass of the calorimeter assembly positioned on the sample is 5006 500 6 5 gm.10.2 Position the specimen holder assembly on the ring support, placing the calorimeter on the assembly with the black surfacefacing downward.10.2.1 Start the chart movement on the recording device and then with
48、a firm deliberate motion, position the burner with thecalibrated flame beneath the center of the specimen.10.2.2 Indicate the start of the exposure and continue for 60 seconds.s.TABLE 1 Number of Rolls or Pieces of Fabric in the Lot SampleNumber of Rolls orPieces in Lot, InclusiveNumber of Rolls orP
49、ieces in Lot, Sample1 to 3 all4 to 24 425 to 50 5over 50 10 % to a max. of 10 rolls or piecesD7140/D7140M 13510.2.3 Remove the burner and set it well aside, stop the recording device, remove the calorimeter and cool to room temperature.10.2.4 Remove the specimen holder, examine specimen, and report the response to flame impingement. Record the temperaturein degrees Centigrade (C) and the energy (cal/cm2/sec) for each specimen and whether ignition occurred. If deemed important,record observations of phys
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