1、Designation: D7155 11Standard Practice forEvaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine LubricatingOils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the compatibility of mixtures ofturbine lubricating oils of the same ISO VG grade and type asdefined by
3、 Specification D4304. The Tier 1 method comparesthe visual appearances of specific mixtures with those of theneat oils after storage at specified conditions.1.2 If the current in-service oil is causing problems or ifcircumstances indicate the need for additional testing, a Tier 2method compares sele
4、cted performance properties of the mix-ture and its constituent oils.1.3 The Tier 1 and Tier 2 methods can be used to evaluatenew (unused) lubricant compatibility or the effects of addingnew (unused) lubricant to in-service lubricant in the system.1.4 This practice does not evaluate the wear prevent
5、ioncharacteristics, load carrying capacity, or the mechanical shearstability of lubricants mixtures while in service. If anti-wear(AW), extreme pressure (EP), or shear stability are to beevaluated, further testing of these parameters may be required.1.4.1 Tier 1Mixtures of the two constituent oils t
6、o beevaluated are prepared at specified proportions, stored in anoven at 65C for 168 h, and then evaluated for changes inphysical appearance.1.4.2 Tier 1Mixtures of the two constituent oils to beevaluated are prepared at specified proportions, stored in anoven at 65C for 168 h, and then evaluated fo
7、r changesphysical appearance and parameters detailed in 7.3.1.5 Mixtures of the two constituent oils are evaluated in aprimary testing protocol using the following standards:Appearance (Tier 1 and Tier 2) Appendix X1Kinematic Viscosity Test Method D445Acidity Test Methods D664 and D974Pentane Insolu
8、ble Test Method D893Copper Corrosion Test Method D130Rust Prevention Test Method D665Foaming Characteristics Test Method D892Air Release Properties Test Method D3427Water Separability Test Method D1401Oxidation Stability Test Note 11.5.1 For compatible mixtures, a supplemental (nonmanda-tory) testin
9、g scheme is suggested when circumstances indicatethe need for additional testing the beyond Tier 2 primaryrecommended tests.NOTE 1The oxidation stability test method should be selected basedon the product type and in agreement with the lubricant supplier (seeAppendix X2 for options). Unlike other te
10、sts described in this practice, theimpact on oxidation stability may not be easily interpreted with a pass/failrating. The user is encouraged to contact the lubricant supplier forassistance in the evaluation of the data.1.6 Sequential or concurrent testing is continued until thetest requestor or use
11、r is satisfied that the intent of this practicehas been met. If any mixture fails the Tier 1 visual appearancemethod or any of the Tier 2 primary tests, when requested, theoils are incompatible. If all mixtures pass the Tier 1 or Tier 2tests, the oils are considered compatible by those methods.1.7 T
12、his practice applies only to lubricating oils havingcharacteristics suitable for evaluation by the suggested testmethods. If the scope of a specific test method limits testing tothose oils within a specified range of properties, oils outsidethat range cannot be tested for compatibility by that testm
13、ethod.1.8 This practice may be used to evaluate the compatibilityof different types and grades of oil. However, it is not intendedto evaluate such mixtures. The user is advised to consult withsuppliers in these situations.1.9 This practice does not purport to cover all test methodsthat could be empl
14、oyed.1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.C0 onTurbine Oils
15、Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D715506. DOI:10.1520/D7155-11.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.11 This standard d
16、oes not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM St
17、andards:2D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed AnilinePoint of Petroleum Products and Hyd
18、rocarbon SolventsD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-ing OilsD893 Test Method for Insolubles in U
19、sed Lubricating OilsD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1401 Test Method for Water Separability of PetroleumOils and Synthetic FluidsD1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-mati
20、c Viscosity at 40 and 100CD2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-bine Oils by Rotating Pressure VesselD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3427 Test Method forAir Release Properties of PetroleumOilsD4304
21、Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used inSteam or Gas TurbinesD4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging andCorrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral OilsD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination
22、of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D5846 Test Method for Universal Oxidation Test for Hy-draulic and Turbine Oils Using the Universal OxidationTest ApparatusD6186 Test Method for Oxidation Induction Time of Lu-bricating Oils by Pressur
23、e Differential Scanning Calorim-etry (PDSC)D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer TitrationD6514 Test Method for High Temperature Universal Oxi-dation Test for Turbine Oils3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Term
24、s Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 compatibility, nof lubricating oils, the ability oflubricating oils to mix together without significant degradationof properties or performance.3.1.1.1 DiscussionWhen a mixture of two oils has prop-erties or performance significantly inferior to both of theconstitue
25、nt oils, then the two oils are incompatible. If theproperties are inferior to those of one neat oil but not inferiorto those of the other, then such is not necessarily considered anindication of incompatibility. To be considered significantlyinferior, the property of the mixture would be worse than
26、thepoorer of the two neat oils by an amount exceeding therepeatability (or in the case of third party verification testing,the reproducibility) of the test method used to evaluate theproperty. (See fail and pass.)3.1.2 fail, nin compatibility testing of oil mixtures, a testresult that is inferior to
27、 that of the poorer of the two constituentoils by an amount exceeding the repeatability of the testmethod used for the evaluation.3.1.3 pass, nin compatibility testing of oil mixtures, a testresult that is equal to or better than that of the poorer of the twoconstituent oils.3.1.4 primary compatibil
28、ity tests, nof lubricating oils,those test methods employed in the Tier 2 method to evaluatethe impact on performance properties when circumstancesindicate the need for additional testing.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe test methods considered the mostrelevant in the evaluation of turbine oils, insofar as the
29、yprovide the most information with the least expenditure oftesting resources.3.1.5 secondary compatibility tests, nof lubricating oils,those test methods used to evaluate compatibility when theprimary compatibility tests are insufficient or inconclusive.3.1.5.1 DiscussionSuch tests are driven by the
30、 criticalfeatures of a given application. For example, if the applicationsubjects the oil to extraordinary high temperature an evaluationof the onset of oxidation at various temperatures using differ-ential scanning calorimetry to construct an Arrhenius plot maybe warranted. Aniline Point might be a
31、dded to evaluate therelative difference in solvency characteristics. Secondary com-patibility tests are suggested, but not required, by this practice.3.1.6 type and grade, nType and grade refer to lubricantsof the same general type such as Rust and Oxidation Inhibitedturbine oil (R) and ISO Viscosit
32、y grades3.1.7 10:90 mixture, na uniform blend of 10 % by volumeof one oil with 90 % by volume of a second oil.3.1.8 50:50 mixture, na uniform blend of 50 % by volumeof each of two component oils.3.1.9 90:10 mixture, na uniform blend of 90 % by volumeof one oil with 10 % by volume of a second oil.4.
33、Summary of Practice4.1 Option 1Prepare a 50:50 mixture of two oils to beevaluated for compatibility. This mixture and the two neat,2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informa
34、tion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.D7155 112constituent oils are tested using the primary compatibility tests.Depending on the performance of the mixture, relative to thoseof the constituent oils, 10:90 and 90:10 mixtures may need tobe tested in addition.4.2 Option
35、 2Instead of testing mixtures in sequentialorder, 10:90 and 90:10 mixtures are tested at the same time the50:50 mixture is evaluated. If all mixtures pass the primarycompatibility tests, or if the application requires the evaluationof specific properties, secondary compatibility tests can beemployed
36、 for further evaluation. Such tests can be run concur-rently, if desired.5. Significance and Use5.1 The compatibility of oils can be important for users ofoil-lubricated equipment. It is well known that the mixing oftwo oils can produce a substance markedly inferior to either ofits constituent mater
37、ials. One or more of the following canoccur:5.1.1 A mixture of incompatible oils most often forms aprecipitate.5.1.2 The precipitate will form unwanted deposits in thelubrication system, plug filters and oil passageways.5.1.3 Such events can lead to catastrophic equipment fail-ures.5.2 Because of su
38、ch occurrences, lubricant suppliers recom-mend evaluating compatibility of lubricating oil of differentformulations and sources prior to mixing. Equipment usersmost often do not have the resources to evaluate oil compat-ibility and must rely on their suppliers. Mixing of oils is ahighly imprudent pr
39、actice without first determining the com-patibility.5.3 Although new turbine oils may be compatible, in-service oil of the same type may be degraded or contaminatedto such an extent that the new oil added may not be compatiblewith the system oil. In-service oil compatibility with new oiladditions sh
40、ould be evaluated on a case by case basis.5.4 The oxidation resistance of different oils of the sametype can vary widely, and compatibility does not implyequivalent performance.6. Apparatus6.1 The equipment and materials required for this practiceshall be those required by the test methods used to e
41、valuatecompatibility.6.1.1 Laboratory Oven, static-air or stirred-air type, capableof maintaining the test temperature within 63C and equippedwith one or more grill-type wire shelves.6.1.2 Laboratory Cooler, capable of maintaining the testtemperature within 63C.6.1.3 Reflector Flood Lamp, 150 watt.7
42、 Procedure7.1 Testing is conducted using either of two options (seeSection 5.4) for mixture proportions as agreed upon with thetest requestor or user and dependent on the available samplevolumes supplied. Either the sequential testing protocol de-scribed in Option 1 or the concurrent testing protoc
43、ol describedin Option 2 can be used. Using Option 1, a 50:50 mixture andthe two constituent oils are tested. If this mixture is foundcompatible, 10:90 and 90:10 mixtures which reflect drain-andfill conversion or make up proportions may be tested. UsingOption 2, all mixtures (10:90, 50:50, and 90:10)
44、 and the twoconstituent oils are tested concurrently. At the discretion of theinterested parties, the testing may be continued even after anincompatible test result is observed.7.2 Preparation of Mixtures (Tier 1 and Tier 2)Preparemixtures similarly, regardless of whether one or three mixturesof dif
45、fering ratios will be tested sequentially or concurrently.7.2.1 Prepare a fresh 50:50 mixture of the two oils to beevaluated for compatibility. (neat, constituent oils are desig-nated A and B.) Determine the amounts to be mixed from theamount of oil required by the tests. Prepare at least 10 % morem
46、ixture than is actually needed for the tests. Do not preparemore than can be used immediately. No more than 30 daysshould elapse between mixture preparation and the start of anytest.7.2.2 Add equal amounts 61% of all oils,Aand B neat oils,and the 50:50 mixture into separate clean, dry, glass beakers
47、and mix thoroughly7.2.3 Heat the beaker and mixtures in the oven at 65 6 3C(149 6 5.4F) for a minimum of 168 h (6 1h)forTier1orTier 2 testing. Samples may be removed after a minimum of 24h(6 0.5 h) to conduct the Tier 2 primary tests, if requestedNOTE 2Longer oven storage times may be employed with
48、 agreementbetween the parties involved.7.2.4 Remove the beakers from the oven, and allow them tocool to room temperature before evaluating appearance.7.2.5 Observe the oil per 7.2.4 upon reaching room tem-perature within1h(60.5 h) in accordance with Appendix X1.If the oils display an incompatible re
49、sult, further testing is notrequired. Conclude the test, and report in accordance withSection 8. If the results are satisfactory, proceed to 7.2.6.7.2.6 Cool the beaker containing the oil mixtures to at least0C (or agreed upon temperature) for 24 h (60.5 h). Longertimes may be employed with agreement between the partiesinvolved. Remove from the cooler and bring to room tempera-ture.7.2.7 Observe the oil in accordance with Appendix X1.Ifthe oils display an incompatible result, conclude the test, andreport in accordance with Section 8. If the results are sati
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