1、Designation: D 7156 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating diesel
3、 engine oils for performance characteristics ina diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation,including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading).2This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-11.31.1.1 This test method also provides the procedure forrunning an abbreviat
4、ed length test, which is commonly referredto as the T-11A. The procedures for the T-11A are identical tothe T-11 with the exception of the items specifically listed inAnnex A8. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed inAnnex A8 refer to the corresponding section of the T-11procedure.1.2 The
5、 values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as the standard. Within the test method,the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses when combinedwith SI units. The only exception is where there is no direct SIequivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diam
6、eters, and tubing sizes.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prio
7、r to use. See Annex A6 forspecific safety hazards.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 129 Test
8、Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum andP
9、etroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Num
10、ber of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-late FuelsD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 2274 Test Method for Oxid
11、ation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle1This test method is under t
12、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 715606.2The ASTM
13、 Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this testmethod by means of Information Letters. This edition includes all informationletters through 06-3. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM TestMonitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Admin-istrat
14、or.3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patentrights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of thisstandard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patentrights, and the risk of infringement of such rights,
15、are entirely their ownresponsibility.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website1Copyright ASTM Internati
16、onal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used DieselEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 41
17、75 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric TitrationD 5185 Test Method for Determina
18、tion of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and
19、 Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled withGasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, LightDuty Conditions5D 5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)5D 5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel En
20、gineD 6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Con-taining Fluids Using a European Diesel InjectorApparatusD 6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress andApparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Tempera-tureD 7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Con-taining Fluids Usi
21、ng a European Diesel InjectorApparatusat 30 and 90 CyclesE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity
22、ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that issubmitted by a source independent from the test facility.D 58443.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion products, and unburned air- and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D 53023.1
23、.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E 3443.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is intended to be tested against that specification.D 58443.
24、1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing ofexhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogenoxides (NOx). Automotive Handbook63.1.6 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration, characterized by average speeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to
25、the potential maximums.D 44853.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion en-gines, one that is designed to allow operation continuously ator close to its peak output. D 44853.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date
26、 oil. D 58443.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod; such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.D
27、 58443.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which can pro-duce deleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifestedas sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or combination thereof. D 41753.1.11 referen
28、ce oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D 58443.1.12 sludge, nin in
29、ternal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D 53023.1.13 standard test, na test on a calibrated test stand,using the prescr
30、ibed equipment that is assembled according tothe requirements in the test method, and conducted accordingto the specified operating conditions.3.1.13.1 DiscussionThe specified operating conditions insome test methods include requirements for determining atests operational validity. These requirement
31、s are applied aftera test is completed and can include (1) mid-limit ranges for theaverage values of primary and secondary parameters that arenarrower than the specified control ranges for the individualvalues, (2) allowable deviations for individual primary andsecondary parameters for the specified
32、 control ranges, (3)downtime limitations, and (4) special parameter limitations.D 58443.1.14 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D 53023.1.15 wear, nthe loss of material from, or relocation of
33、material on, a surface.5Withdrawn.6Available from Robert Bosch GmbH, Postfach 50, D-7000 Stuttgart 1,Germany.D71560723.1.15.1 DiscussionWear generally occurs between twosurfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result ofmechanical or chemical action or by a combination of me-chanical and ch
34、emical action. D 53024. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E-TECHV-MAC III diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR). Two 30-min oil flushes are followed by a 252-h test atconstant speed and load conditions.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for vi
35、scosityincrease and soot content.4.3 Rebuild the test engine every ten tests. More frequentengine rebuilds may be necessary as indicated by degradationof test parameters and are left to the discretion of the testlaboratory. At rebuild, the power section of the engine isdisassembled, solvent-cleaned,
36、 and rebuilt, using all newpistons, rings, cylinder liners, valves, and valve guides, in strictaccordance with furnished specification.4.4 Solvent-clean the engine crankcase and replace worn ordefective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories forcontrolling speed, load, and vario
37、us engine operating condi-tions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the viscosityincrease and soot concentration (loading) performance ofengine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle dieselengines equipped with EGR. Obtain results from used oilanalysis.5.2
38、The test method may be used for engine oil specificationacceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III,electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unitpumps, using 2002 cylinder heads (An
39、nex A2). It is an open-chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged,charge air-cooled, and compression ignition engine. The boreand stroke are 124 by 165 mm (478 3 612 in.), and thedisplacement is 12 L (728 in3.).6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relativelyfree of dirt an
40、d other contaminants as required by goodlaboratory standards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, andcontrolling humidity in the engine buildup area helps preventaccumulation of dirt and other contaminants on engine partsand aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 The Test Engine:
41、6.2.1 Mack T-11 Test EngineThe engine and cylinderheads are available from Mack Trucks, Inc.7A complete partslist is shown in Table A2.1, Annex A2. Use test parts on afirst-in/first-out basis.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner shown in TableA2.1, Annex A2, every t
42、est, to limit scaling in the coolingsystem. Pressurize the system to 103 kPa (15 psi) at theexpansion tank. Use the coolant shown in 7.3.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cool-ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,reservoir, and water-out temperature control va
43、lve. The systemshall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatureswithin the specified limit. Install a sight glass between theengine and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment anduniform flow in an effort to prevent localized boiling. Block thethermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Flow the
44、 coolant from the engine block fitting to theEGR coolers, see Fig. A1.3, Annex A1. Return the EGRcoolant flow to the engine coolant-in line, near the coolantpump inlet, see Fig. A1.7, Annex A1.6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil System:6.2.3.1 To maintain a constant oil level in the pan, providean additional 11.4 L
45、 (12 qt) minimum volume sump by usinga separate closed tank connected to the engine sump. Circulateoil through the system with an auxiliary pump. The systemschematic is shown in Fig.A1.1,AnnexA1. The No. 6 and No.8 lines are to have inside diameters of 10 mm (38 in.) and 13mm (12 in.), respectively.
46、 Use a minimum No. 8 size vent line.Equivalent lines may be substituted for Aeroquip8lines pro-vided they have the proper inside diameters.6.2.3.2 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on theexhaust side of the oil pan, so that the inside bottom of theauxiliary oil system suction fitting is 1
47、52 mm (6.00 in.) downfrom the oil pan rail and 178 mm (7.00 in.) back from the frontof the pan. Refer to Fig.A1.4,AnnexA1. Connect the auxiliaryoil system return line to the power steering pump cover on thefront timing gear cover. Refer to Fig.A1.5,AnnexA1. Connectthe auxiliary oil scale vent line t
48、o the top of the auxiliary oilsump bucket and the dipstick tube opening.6.2.3.3 Use Viking Pump Model SG053514 as the auxiliaryoil pumps (see A2.10). Nominal pump speed is 1725 r/min.Shut off the auxiliary oil pumps if the auxiliary oil system goesdry.6.2.3.4 Use a sight glass to aid in determining
49、the oil levelshould the auxiliary oil system run dry. An example of a sightglass setup is shown in Fig. A1.18, Annex A1.6.2.4 Oil Cooling System:6.2.4.1 Use the oil cooler adapter blocks to mount the oilcooler to the engine. The adapter blocks are available from thesupplier list in A2.7, Annex A2.6.2.4.2 Use the oil filter housing (part number 27GB525M)shown in Fig. A1.8, Annex A1.6.2.5 Blowby MeterUse a meter capable of providing dataat a minimum frequency of 6 min. To prevent blowbycondensate from draining back into the engine, ensure theblowby line has a do
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