1、Designation: D7196 12Standard Test Method forRaveling Test of Cold Mixed Emulsified Asphalt Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the resistance to ravelingcharacteristics of emulsified asphalt and field aggregates orRecycled Asphalt
3、Pavement (RAP) mixtures by simulating anabrasion similar to early return to traffic.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard unless otherwise indicated.1.3 A precision and bias statement for this standard has notbeen developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should
4、notbe used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasingpurposes.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determi
5、ne the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD2379 Test Method for Acidity of Formaldehyde SolutionsD3910 Pract
6、ices for Design, Testing, and Construction ofSlurry SealD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD6372 Practice for Design, Testing, and Construction ofMicro-SurfacingD6925 Test Method for Preparation
7、and Determination ofthe Relative Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Speci-mens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor2.2 ISSA Document:ISSATechnical Bulletin No. 100 Test Method for Wet TrackAbrasion of Slurry Surfaces3. Summary of Test Method3.1 An aggregate and/or RAP is mixed together with ap
8、reset amount of additives (if shown to be necessary), water (ifnecessary) and emulsified asphalt. This may be a field blendedmixture (Method A) or a laboratory blended mixture (MethodB). The mixture is compacted in a gyratory compactor andcured at the specified conditions for a designated period oft
9、ime. After the assigned curing time, a rotating rubber hoseexerts an abrasion force on the specimen for a preset timeperiod and the abraded loss of material is calculated.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test is useful for classifying the curing and formu-lation of cold mixed emulsified asphalt sampl
10、es through raveltesting of compacted specimens. This performance test shouldbe used to rank the mix conditions and approximate curingtime for return to traffic and resistance to weather damage.5. Apparatus5.1 Hobart MixerThe13 H.P. Fixed Speed Motor, modelA 120 will be used to abrade the sample.5.2
11、Raveling Test Adapter BaseThis base must fit theHobart mixer in 5.1 and be an adequate and level support forclamping the test specimen in place. The test specimen shouldnot move during abrasion. A picture of the base can be seen inFig. 1.NOTE 1A Raveling Test Adapter Base meeting the requirements ca
12、nbe purchased from Precision Machine and Welding, Salina, Kansas, (785)823-8760.5.3 Raveling Test Abrasion Head with HoseThe abrasionhead should be free floating over the sample and have a massof 600 6 15 g. This mass shall include the rubber hose. Therubber hose shall be a Parker 290 Ozex General P
13、urpose Hoseor equivalent. The hose shall be 19 mm ID by 6.25 mm wallthickness (34 in. ID by14 in. wall thickness) and cut to 127 mm(5 in.) in length. The rubber hose shall be easily removed sothat it may be rotated or changed prior to testing to insure aclean surface for abrasion.NOTE 2An abrasion h
14、ead similar to that used in the Wet TrackAbrasion of Slurry Surfaces (Practices D3910, D6372, and ISSATB-100)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.27 onCold Mix Asphalts.Current edition appro
15、ved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Last previousedition published 2006 as D719606. DOI: 10.1520/D7196-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
16、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1may meet the requirements with the ring weight removed. An abrasionhead meeting these requirements can be purchased from PrecisionMach
17、ine and Welding, Salina, Kansas, (785) 823-8760.5.4 Oven or Environmental ChamberIf required for otherthan ambient laboratory curing conditions, the oven shall be aconstant temperature forced draft oven. The shelves in the ovenshall be placed at least 150 mm apart and 100 mm away fromthe top and flo
18、or.5.5 BalanceA balance capable of weighing 3000 g ormore to within 6 0.1 g and conforming to the requirements ofGuide D4753, Class GP2. A minimum platform length andwidth of 200 mm is required.5.6 Gyratory CompactorA gyratory compactor meetingthe requirements of Test Method D6925.5.7 Mechanical Mix
19、erA mixer capable of mixing up to3000 g of the cold emulsified asphalt mixture.5.8 100-150 mm (4-6 in.) Fine Bristle Paint BrushA finebristled paint brush capable of sweeping loose material fromabraded sample without damaging surface.6. Materials6.1 Emulsified AsphaltThe emulsified asphalt should me
20、etall applicable specifications for the required project. Theemulsion specifications shall be provided by the agency orrequirements such as those given in Specification D977 orD2397. The emulsified asphalt shall be brought to equilibriumto the specified temperature, if other than laboratory ambient,
21、for a minimum of one hour prior to mixing with the aggregatesor RAP.6.2 Aggregates/RAPThe job aggregates and/or RAP forMethod B should be sampled and split according to PracticeD75.6.3 Cold Bituminous Paving MixtureThe job mixture forMethod A should be sampled according to Practice D979.6.4 Additive
22、sAny additional additives that are shown tobe necessary must meet the specifications required by theagency and mixed or blended with the materials as recom-mended by the agency or as recommended by the additivesupplier if the agency does not specifically detail the method ofmixing or blending.7. Tes
23、t Specimens7.1 Method A (Field Blended Cold Bituminous PavingMixture):7.1.1 Make sure that sample integrity was maintained whiletransferring from the field to the testing facility. Loss ofmoisture and excessive curing time will affect the results of thetest.7.1.2 Scalp the mixture sample through a 2
24、5.0-mm sieveand split out two samples to a quantity of 2750 g in mass. The2750 g is an approximate mass to give 70 6 5 mm of heightafter compaction.NOTE 3Atest mix for compaction may be necessary to get appropriatemass of sample.7.2 Method B (Lab Blended Mixture):7.2.1 Split out two samples of aggre
25、gate/RAP from the25.0-mm scalped design gradation to a quantity of 2700 g inmass. The 2700 g is an approximate mass to yield a 70 6 5mmhigh cylinder after compaction.NOTE 4Atest mix for compaction may be necessary to get appropriatemass of sample.7.2.2 Place the sample into a container of adequate s
26、ize formixing.7.2.3 Add the additive or water contents, or both, to each ofthe samples and mix with the mechanical mixer for 60 seconds.7.2.4 Add the emulsion to the sample and mix with themechanical mixer for 60 seconds.7.3 Place the sample immediately into a 150 mm gyratorycompaction mold and comp
27、acted for 20 gyrations. If thesample height is not 70 6 5 mm, the sample mass should beadjusted.NOTE 5Various additives and emulsified asphalt may be effected bythe mechanical mixer and mix times used in 7.2.3 and 7.2.4. The degreeof coating, time to optimum coating, and type of mechanical mixer may
28、be noted for later reference.8. Conditioning8.1 Remove the samples immediately from the compactionmolds and allow to cure at the proper time, temperature, andhumidity prescribed by the specifications.NOTE 6The specimens tested for raveling resistance have beenconditioned in temperatures ranging from
29、 10-60C (50-140F) for timeframes of 1-24 hours for design purposes. Typical testing parameters forthe raveling test are ambient lab conditions 18 to 24C (65 to 75F) for 4hours 6 5 minutes.8.2 Weigh the specimens after the curing, just prior totesting. This mass shall be recorded as the Specimen Mass
30、(prior to test).9. Procedure9.1 Place the specimen on the raveling test adapter base.Care should be taken that the specimen is centered and wellsupported. There must be a minimum of 10 mm of thespecimen above the raveling test adapter base. The abrasionhead should be checked so that the area of hose
31、 to be in contactFIG. 1 Raveling Test Adapter BaseD7196 122with the specimen has not been previously used. It is accept-able to rotate the hose to a non-abraded section. The abrasionhead (with hose) shall be free to move vertically downward aminimum of 10 mm after initial contact with specimen. Fig.
32、 2shows an example of the Set-Up of the test process.9.2 Abrade the sample for the specified period of time.Afterabrasion time is completed, remove the specimen carefullyfrom the base and brush with the fine bristle paintbrush toremove any loose material and immediately weigh the speci-men. This mas
33、s should be recorded as the Specimen Mass(abraded).NOTE 7Typical testing time for the raveling test is 15 minutes. Whenbrushing the specimen, care should be taken not to dislodge anysignificant amount of material that was not abraded during testing.10. Calculation10.1 This equation is used to determ
34、ine the total percentmass loss based on the initial sample weight. The percent massloss is calculated as follows:% Mass Loss 5 100 3 A 2 B!/A (1)where:A = specimen mass (prior to test), andB = specimen mass (abraded).NOTE 8Report the mass loss to the nearest 0.1% as an average of thetwo tested speci
35、mens.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test method is being furtherdeveloped. Initial testing results show that replicate samplesare producing results within 0.5 % mass loss when the speci-mens are less than 5 % total mass loss.11.2 No information can be presented on the bias formeasu
36、ring % Mass Loss in this test method because nomaterial having an acceptable reference value is available.12. Keywords12.1 aggregate; emulsified asphalt; cold mix; raveling; re-cycled asphalt pavement (RAP)ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in
37、connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the res
38、ponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive caref
39、ul consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International
40、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 2 Apparatus Set-UpD7196 123
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