1、Designation: D7196 16Standard Test Method forRaveling Test of Cold Mixed Emulsified Asphalt Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the resistance to ravelingcharacteristics of emulsified asphalt and field aggregates orRecycled Asphalt
3、Pavement (RAP) mixtures by simulating anabrasion similar to early return to traffic.1.2 A precision and bias statement for this standard has notbeen developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should notbe used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasingpurposes.1.3 The values stat
4、ed in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
5、 health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD2397 Specification for Cationic Emul
6、sified AsphaltD3910 Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction ofSlurry SealD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD6372 Practice for Design, Testing, and Construction ofMicrosurfacingD6925 Test
7、 Method for Preparation and Determination ofthe Relative Density of Asphalt Mix Specimens by Meansof the Superpave Gyratory Compactor2.2 ISSA Document:ISSATechnical Bulletin No. 100 Test Method for Wet TrackAbrasion of Slurry Surfaces3. Summary of Test Method3.1 An aggregate or RAP, or both, is mixe
8、d together with apreset amount of additives (if shown to be necessary), water (ifnecessary) and emulsified asphalt. This may be a field blendedmixture (Method A) or a laboratory blended mixture (MethodB). The mixture is compacted in a gyratory compactor andcured at the specified conditions for a des
9、ignated period oftime. After the assigned curing time, a rotating rubber hoseexerts an abrasion force on the specimen for a preset timeperiod and the abraded loss of material is calculated.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test is useful for classifying the curing and formu-lation of cold mixed emulsi
10、fied asphalt samples through raveltesting of compacted specimens. This performance test shouldbe used to rank the mix conditions and approximate curingtime for return to traffic and resistance to weather damage.5. Apparatus5.1 Hobart MixerThe13 H.P. Fixed Speed Motor, modelA 120 will be used to abra
11、de the sample.5.2 Raveling Test Adapter BaseThis base must fit theHobart mixer in 5.1 and be an adequate and level support forclamping the test specimen in place. The test specimen shouldnot move during abrasion. A picture of the base can be seen inFig. 1.35.3 Raveling Test Abrasion Head with HoseTh
12、e abrasionhead should be free floating over the sample and have a massof 600 6 15 g. This mass shall include the rubber hose. Therubber hose shall be a Parker 290 Ozex General Purpose Hoseor equivalent. The hose shall be 19 mm ID by 6.25 mm wallthickness and cut to 127 mm in length. The rubber hose
13、shall1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.27 onCold Mix Asphalts.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in
14、2012 as D7196 12. DOI:10.1520/D7196-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of su
15、pply of the Raveling Test Adapter Base known to thecommittee at this time is Precision Machine and Welding, Salina, Kansas. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof t
16、he responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1be easily removed so that it may be rotated or changed prior totesting to insure a clean surface for abrasion.45.4 Oven or Enviro
17、nmental ChamberIf required for otherthan ambient laboratory curing conditions, the oven shall be aconstant temperature forced draft oven. The shelves in the ovenshall be placed at least 150 mm apart and 100 mm away fromthe top and floor.5.5 BalanceA balance capable of weighing 3000 g ormore to withi
18、n 6 0.1 g and conforming to the requirements ofGuide D4753, Class GP2. A minimum platform length andwidth of 200 mm is required.5.6 Gyratory CompactorA gyratory compactor meetingthe requirements of Test Method D6925.5.7 Mechanical MixerA mixer capable of mixing up to3000 g of the cold emulsified asp
19、halt mixture.5.8 100 to 150 mm Fine Bristle Paint BrushAfine bristledpaint brush capable of sweeping loose material from abradedsample without damaging surface.6. Materials6.1 Emulsified AsphaltThe emulsified asphalt should meetall applicable specifications for the required project. Theemulsion spec
20、ifications shall be provided by the agency orrequirements such as those given in Specification D977 orD2397. The emulsified asphalt shall be brought to equilibriumto the specified temperature, if other than laboratory ambient,for a minimum of one hour prior to mixing with the aggregatesor RAP.6.2 Ag
21、gregates/RAPThe job aggregates or RAP, or both,for Method B should be sampled and split according to PracticeD75.6.3 Cold Bituminous Paving MixtureThe job mixture forMethod A should be sampled according to Practice D979.6.4 AdditivesAny additional additives that are shown tobe necessary must meet th
22、e specifications required by theagency and mixed or blended with the materials as recom-mended by the agency or as recommended by the additivesupplier if the agency does not specifically detail the method ofmixing or blending.7. Test Specimens7.1 Method A (Field Blended Cold Bituminous PavingMixture
23、):7.1.1 Make sure that sample integrity was maintained whiletransferring from the field to the testing facility. Loss ofmoisture and excessive curing time will affect the results of thetest.7.1.2 Scalp the mixture sample through a 25.0-mm sieveand split out two samples to a quantity of 2750 g in mas
24、s. The2750 g is an approximate mass to give 70 6 5 mm of heightafter compaction.NOTE 1Atest mix for compaction may be necessary to get appropriatemass of sample.7.2 Method B (Lab Blended Mixture):7.2.1 Split out two samples of aggregate/RAP from the25.0-mm scalped design gradation to a quantity of 2
25、700 g inmass. The 2700 g is an approximate mass to yield a 70 6 5mmhigh cylinder after compaction.NOTE 2Atest mix for compaction may be necessary to get appropriatemass of sample.7.2.2 Place the sample into a container of adequate size formixing.7.2.3 Add the additive or water contents, or both, to
26、each ofthe samples and mix with the mechanical mixer for 60 s.7.2.4 Add the emulsion to the sample and mix with themechanical mixer for 60 s.7.3 Place the sample immediately into a 150 mm gyratorycompaction mold and compacted for 20 gyrations. If thesample height is not 70 6 5 mm, the sample mass sh
27、ould beadjusted.NOTE 3Various additives and emulsified asphalt may be effected bythe mechanical mixer and mix times used in 7.2.3 and 7.2.4. The degreeof coating, time to optimum coating, and type of mechanical mixer maybe noted for later reference.8. Conditioning8.1 Remove the samples immediately f
28、rom the compactionmolds and allow to cure at the proper time, temperature, andhumidity prescribed by the specifications.NOTE 4The specimens tested for raveling resistance have beenconditioned in temperatures ranging from 10 to 60C for time frames of1 to 24 h for design purposes. Typical testing para
29、meters for the ravelingtest are ambient lab conditions 18 to 24C for 4 h 6 5 min.8.2 Weigh the specimens after the curing, just prior totesting. This mass shall be recorded as the Specimen Mass(prior to test).4An abrasion head similar to that used in the Wet Track Abrasion of SlurrySurfaces (Practic
30、es D3910, D6372, and ISSA TB-100) may meet the requirementswith the ring weight removed.The sole source of supply of the abrasion head known to the committee at thistime is Precision Machine and Welding, Salina, Kansas. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to AST
31、M InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Raveling Test Adapter BaseD7196 1629. Procedure9.1 Place the specimen on the raveling test adapter base.Care should be taken that the specimen
32、 is centered and wellsupported. There must be a minimum of 10 mm of thespecimen above the raveling test adapter base. The abrasionhead should be checked so that the area of hose to be in contactwith the specimen has not been previously used. It is accept-able to rotate the hose to a non-abraded sect
33、ion. The abrasionhead (with hose) shall be free to move vertically downward aminimum of 10 mm after initial contact with specimen. Fig. 2shows an example of the Set-Up of the test process.9.2 Abrade the sample for the specified period of time.Afterabrasion time is completed, remove the specimen care
34、fullyfrom the base and brush with the fine bristle paintbrush toremove any loose material and immediately weigh the speci-men. This mass should be recorded as the Specimen Mass(abraded).NOTE 5Typical testing time for the raveling test is 15 min. Whenbrushing the specimen, care should be taken not to
35、 dislodge anysignificant amount of material that was not abraded during testing.10. Calculation10.1 This equation is used to determine the total percentmass loss based on the initial sample weight. The percent massloss is calculated as follows:% Mass Loss 5 100 3 A 2 B!/A (1)where:A = specimen mass
36、(prior to test), andB = specimen mass (abraded).NOTE 6Report the mass loss to the nearest 0.1 % as an average of thetwo tested specimens.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test method is being furtherdeveloped. Initial testing results show that replicate samplesare producing results wi
37、thin 0.5 % mass loss when the speci-mens are less than 5 % total mass loss.11.2 No information can be presented on the bias formeasuring % Mass Loss in this test method because nomaterial having an acceptable reference value is available.12. Keywords12.1 aggregate; emulsified asphalt; cold mix; rave
38、ling; re-cycled asphalt pavement (RAP)ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the r
39、iskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of t
40、his standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmak
41、e your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained b
42、y contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 2 Apparatus Set-UpD7196 163
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