1、Designation: D 7204 07Standard Practice forSampling Waste Streams on Conveyors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7204; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes standard procedures for sam-pling waste on open and closed conveying systems and isapplicable to any waste material that can
3、be conveyed to awaste pile or container. The conveyor system can be a vertical(vertical lifts), sloped or horizontal type.1.2 This practice is intended for particles and slurries, whichcan be sampled using scoop, dipper or shovel type samplers.1.3 The practice is not intended for large size sampleco
4、nstituents, such as boulders, large rocks, and debris.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
5、of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for VolatileOrganic CompoundsD 4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste SamplingD 4916 Practice for Mechanical Auger SamplingD 5088 Practices for Decontamination of Field Equip
6、mentUsed at Waste SitesD 5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental DataRelated to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assur-ance and Quality Control Planning and ImplementationD 5633 Practice for Sampling with a ScoopD 5658 Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Waste FromTrucksD 5680 Practice fo
7、r Sampling Unconsolidated Solids inDrums or Similar ContainersD 5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste ManagementD 5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental DataRelated to Waste Management Activities: Development ofData Quality ObjectivesD 5956 Guide for Sampling Strategies for HeterogeneousWastes
8、D 6009 Guide for Sampling Waste PilesD 6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsam-pling for Environmental Waste Management ActivitiesD 6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment forWaste and Contaminated Media Data Collection ActivitiesD 6250 Practice for Derivation of Decision Point and
9、 Con-fidence Limit for Statistical Testing of Mean Concentrationin Waste Management DecisionsD 6311 Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Re-lated to Waste Management Activities: Selection andOptimization of Sampling Design3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 See also Terminology D 5681.3.1.2 fi
10、eld records, ninformation written in a field logbook or loose leaf sampling forms at the time of sampling.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice can be used in sampling ash from a kiln orincinerator, soils, and process waste from conveying systems,such as, a conveyer and vertical lifts. Some slurr
11、ies, such as thebottom solids, can be sampled from the quench waters at theend of a kiln.4.2 This practice can be used to determine material balancesfor burner efficiency studies and compliance studies.4.3 This practice can be used on lifts, sloping, and horizon-tal conveyor systems. The type of con
12、veyor and the amountand type of sample required will dictate the type of samplingequipment required to get a representative sample.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01 on Monitor-ing and Characteriza
13、tion.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2007. Published April 2007.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM web
14、site.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.4 The sample is taken directly from the conveyor beforeemptying into the waste container or pile for disposal orrecycling using a scoop, dipper, or shovel depending upon thesampl
15、e requirements (see Practice D 5633). The sample is thenput into the sample container for analysis.4.5 The place, quantity, frequency, and time of sampling isdependent upon the conveying system equipment, DQOs(Practice D 5792), work or sampling plan (See Practice D 5283and Guide D 4687), and analysi
16、s to be run.4.5.1 Large particles can be mechanically excluded on a beltsystem. Large particles may accumulate at the bottom of aninclined/sloped belt system. Therefore, steps, if possible, needto be taken so that particles of all sizes have equal chances ofbeing sampled.4.5.2 The number of samples
17、and sample time is dependentupon the system, the precision required, the decisions that areto be made, the cost, and the degree of heterogeneity of thematerial (see Guide D 5956, Practice D 6250, and GuideD 6311).4.5.3 In general, the ideal sampling location is nearest to thepoint of generation sinc
18、e temperature, oxidation, and airmovement may change some samples with time.4.6 The practice does not address issues related to theheterogeneity of the sample.5. Sampling Equipment5.1 The scoop, dipper or shovel must be manufactured frommaterial that is compatible with the waste to be sampled, andth
19、e required test or analysis to be performed (seeGuide D 6232).5.1.1 Sampling equipment must be selected that is chemi-cally compatible with the type of waste and type of analyses.Stainless steel, glass, and plastic are generally acceptable formost samples. Plastic sampling equipment is may not besui
20、table for waste to be analyzed for organic parameters. It isup to the user to ensure that the equipment will not contaminateor bias the analyses.5.1.2 The reuse of equipment without proper cleaning canresult in false positive analysis. If proper equipment cleaningcannot be accomplished in the field,
21、 additional sets of samplingequipment are needed to prevent potential cross-contamination.5.2 A fixed auger may be present on a conveyor system andmay be used to collect samples (see Practice D 4916).5.3 If the DQO, work, or sample plan calls for samples to becomposited, a composite collection conta
22、iner may be needed.The composite collection container will allow mixing andquartering of the sample materials for compositing if it is goingto be done at the sampling site. Use of a composite collectioncontainer for sub-sampling may result in particle size segrega-tion and result in a bias if the ma
23、terial is not homogeneous orsampling not performed correctly.6. Sample Containers6.1 Plastic, glass, or other non-reactive containers should beused as specified by the site sampling plan (see Guide D 4687).6.2 Sampling for volatile organics in waste requires specialhandling (see Practice D 4547).7.
24、Procedure7.1 The procedure used will depend upon the type ofconveyor system or lift to be sampled.7.1.1 Many bucket conveyors and augers are enclosedsystems which make sampling of the moving conveyor imprac-tical. Samples may be taken at the end of the conveyor as thesample drops into the waste pile
25、 or waste container (See 7.4 forthe method of sampling).7.1.2 The bucket conveyor catches almost everything mak-ing representative sampling of a heterogeneous sample diffi-cult. A bucket conveyor cannot always be sampled whilemoving due to the depth of the bucket and the difficulty ingetting a core
26、sample of the bucket versus the liquid portion.Sampling as the material is being dumped is the easiest methodof sampling a bucket conveyor (See 7.4).7.1.3 A tray conveyor system allows the sample to be takenafter the quench (sampling a burner ash) using a flat scoop orflat shovel which samples the t
27、ray to the bottom as the materialmoves toward the end of the conveyor. The tray conveyorsystem usually does not move too rapidly to be sampled whilemoving. This allows for sampling of the tray by taking asample of the complete tray and putting the sample into thesample container (see 7.3 for samplin
28、g method).7.1.4 A belt conveyor can be sampled using scoop, dipper,and shovels. If the material is heterogeneous a mixing step maybe required to determine the average over time sample.7.1.4.1 If the belt conveyor is tilted, larger particles tend toroll to the bottom of the conveyor. The inclusion of
29、 the largermaterials should be considered in the sampling plan or DQOprocess. The larger material may require grinding or other sizereduction techniques before being sent to the laboratory.7.2 Sample Collection:7.2.1 Review the work or sampling plan.7.2.2 Check to make sure that the supply of sample
30、 equip-ment, including but not limited to containers, labels, ice chests,and composite collection containers, are adequate and correct.Field logbooks or sampling forms (field records) shall beprovided to document the sampling time, the amount ofsample, sample observations, explanations, sample desig
31、nationnumber, run number, “if required”, and have a place forsignature or initials of sampling personnel.7.2.3 Provision should be made for field blanks, splitsamples, and field spikes.7.2.4 Special safety precautions should be taken whilesampling the conveyor due to moving equipment and theexposure
32、 to the sample under semi-controlled conditions.7.2.5 The sampling device must be of a size and shapesuitable for the quantity and size of the particles to be sampled.For example, a flat bottomed scoop or shovel is more desirablethan a round bottomed sampling device to capture the fulldepth of the w
33、aste being carried on a belt or tray conveyor. Anextension to the sampling device is often employed to assist thesampler in safely collecting the samples.7.3 Sampling Open Belt and Tray System:D72040727.3.1 At the time specified, insert the sampling device intothe waste stream and withdraw the sampl
34、e from the conveyor.When sampling an open belt system, care must be taken toavoid tearing, snagging, or otherwise damaging the belt (seeGuide D 4687).7.3.2 For a discrete sample, place the sample in a collectioncontainer. Close the sample container and attach a completedsample label.7.3.3 For a comp
35、osite sample, place the sample in a collec-tion container and withdraw the next sample until adequatematerial has been taken. Close the sample container and attacha completed sample label (see Guide D 6051).7.3.4 The time the sampling device is inserted into thesample is the sample time. If it requi
36、res more than one insertionto achieve the necessary sample, the time period spanning thesampling should be written on the label and in the field records.7.3.5 The rate the conveyer is moving the material should benoted.7.3.6 Complete the field log book and chain-of-custodyform.7.3.7 Repeat the proce
37、ss as required by the work or sam-pling plan.7.4 Sampling Enclosed Conveyor Systems:7.4.1 If access to the conveying device, that is, enclosedconveyor, screw, or bucket conveyor is not possible, the samplecan be taken as it falls/drops into a shipping container or pile.7.4.2 At the specified time, w
38、hile the conveying device ismoving at a constant rate, a long handled dipper, scoop orshovel is placed under the falling material to be sampled. Thesampling device should be placed just below the end of theconveying device, but not touching it. Care must be exercisedsince there are possibilities of
39、large particles dropping on orinto the sampling device.7.4.3 Place the sample in a container prepared for it. If moresample is required, withdraw enough material to meet thesample requirements. Mix the material before taking an ali-quot. The sample is then transferred to the suitable samplecontainer
40、. Close the sample container and complete and attachthe sample label. (see D 4687 Sections 10 and 11).7.4.4 Complete the field log book and chain-of-custodyform.7.4.5 The rate the conveyor is moving the material shouldbe noted.7.4.6 Repeat the process as required by the work or sam-pling plan.7.4.7
41、If it is impossible to catch the material as it isdropping, follow Guide D 6009, Practice D 5658, or PracticeD 5680.7.5 Sampling for Volatiles:7.5.1 Care must be taken to minimize the time betweensample removal and the sample being placed in the volatilesample container. This can be achieved by havi
42、ng a secondperson available to take a spot sample which is quickly placeddirectly into the volatile sample container (see Guide D 4547).Volatiles are usually taken by using a coring tool or by quicklytransferring the sample using a spatula or scoop. For taking thesub-sample, see Guide D 6051.7.5.2 C
43、omplete the field log book and chain-of-custodyform.7.5.3 The rate the conveyor is moving the material shouldbe noted.7.5.4 Repeat the process as required by the work or sam-pling plan.7.6 Sampling Slurries:7.6.1 Samples taken as slurries require special handling.The percent of solids in a given slu
44、rry vary widely.7.6.2 Slurry samples can be taken directly from the con-veyor into the sample container by using a square front scoopwhich will contain the solids and liquid or a dipper, (see GuideD 6232 for alternative sampling devices).7.6.3 The entire contents of the scoop or dipper are carefully
45、transferred to a large mouth bottle. The bottle is taped andlabeled.7.6.4 Complete the field records and chain-of-custody form.7.6.5 The rate the conveyor is moving the material shouldbe noted.7.6.6 Repeat the process as required by the work or sam-pling plan.7.7 Cleaning Equipment:7.7.1 Unless cert
46、ified clean, sampling equipment must becleaned before use. After the sampling equipment is cleaned, itis important to protect it from contamination (for example, bywrapping, packaging or containerizing).7.7.2 Decontaminate the reusable equipment in accordancewith protocol specified in the work plan
47、(see Practice D 5088).8. Keywords8.1 conveyor; incinerator; kiln; lifts; sampling; soil; wastestreamsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that det
48、ermination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved o
49、r withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual
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