1、Designation: D7216 10D7216 13Standard Test Method forDetermining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility withTypical Seal Elastomers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the test method described inthi
3、s standard. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2 provides a reference oil (TMC1006-1) and an assessment of the test results obtained with this oil and the reference elastomers. Bythese means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statisticallysimilar
4、to those obtained by other laboratories.The TMC also use the reference oil results on different batches of elastomers from differentlaboratories to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. Somespecifications, for example, Specification D4485, use the updated T
5、MC standard deviation estimates,pertaining at the time test oils are evaluated, to adjust specification limits for the effects of the industrytest variability.Various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking qualification of oilsagainst specifications. For example, the
6、U.S. Army imposes such a requirement in connection withseveral Army engine lubricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test met
7、hodthat refer to the TMC.This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to this test method.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of
8、 automotive engine oils withseveral reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated bydetermining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed inthe oil for a sp
9、ecified time and temperature.1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistanceto the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatiblewith the
10、liquid or oil.NOTE 1The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion inliquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the e
11、xecution ofthe operations of this test method.1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because sealsmaymight be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they maycan operate over a range of conditions, a completeevaluation of
12、 the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires testsadditional to those described in this test method.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibilit
13、y of Subcommittee D02.B0.07on Development and Surveillance of Bench Tests Methods.Current edition approved May 1, 2010June 15, 2013. Published June 2010 July 2013. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 asD721609. 10. DOI: 10.1520/D7216-10.10.1520/D7216-13.2 Until th
14、e next revision of this test method, theASTM Test Monitoring Center will update updates changes in the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters maycan be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue, Pittsburgh, PA15206. (www.astmtmc.cmu.edu)Attention:Administ
15、rator. This editionincorporates revisions in all information letters through No. 09-2.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to
16、adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright A
17、STM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those usedin both heavy-duty diesel engines and passenger-car spark-ignition engin
18、es (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The proceduresdescribed in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with differentelastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.NOTE 2
19、In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, whererelevant, the user and supplier should also agree: (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of theelasto
20、mers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.NOTE 3The TMC may also issue Information Letters on this matter.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to a
21、ddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:SectionScope
22、 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Reference Materials 7Procedure 8Calculations 9TMC 1006-1 Reference Oil 10Report 11Precision and Bias 12Keywords 13Formulations and Physical Propertiesfor Reference Elastomers TypicallyUsed in Heavy-Duty Die
23、sel EnginesAnnex A1Test Procedure for ReferenceElastomers Typically Used in Spark-Ignition EnginesAnnex A22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemical AnalysisD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method for R
24、ubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category
25、 Engine OilsD5662 Test Method for Determining Automotive Gear Oil Compatibility with Typical Oil Seal ElastomersE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations2.2 SAE Standard4SAE J2643 Standard R
26、eference Elastomers (SRE) for Characterizing the Effect of Liquids on Vulcanized Rubbers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associated with self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven by internalcombustion engines. D41753.1.2 candidate oil, nan oil that
27、is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification andis to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.3 elastomer, na natural or synthetic polymer having the rubber-like property of substantially recovering its size and shapeafter removal of a deforming for
28、ce. D41753 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SA
29、E), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.D7216 1323.1.4 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, or both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes heatparticularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as combustion gas sealant for the piston r
30、ings.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhance certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oiloxidation and foaming are examples. D41753.1.5 formulation, nthe specific chemical composition used in manufacturing a seal elastomer or a reference oi
31、l. D56623.1.6 hardness, nof an elastomer, the resistance to deformation or indentation.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn this test method the hardness of an elastomer is measured with a Shore Durometer A (see Test Method D2240). D41753.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal; combustion engine types, one that is des
32、igned to allow operation continuously at orclose to its peak output.3.1.7.1 DiscussionThis type of engine is typically installed in large trucks and busses as well as farm, industrial, and construction equipment. D44853.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil, such as a research f
33、ormulation, commercial oil or candidate oil.D41753.1.9 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.9.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (such
34、as seals) that interact with oils. D41753.1.10 tensile strength, nthe maximum tensile stress applied in stretching a specimen to rupture. D15663.1.11 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in an established procedure. D41753.1.12 ultimate elongation, nthe elongation at which rupture occurs in th
35、e application of continued tensile stress. D15663.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 compatibility, nof an engine oil/elastomer combination, a characteristic that signifies a complete or high-level ofresistance of the elastomer to deleterious effects imparted by contact with, or
36、immersion in, the oil.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe phrase “high compatibility” indicates that after contact or immersion, the elastomer properties are maintained at or near theirinitial level. The terms “lack of compatibility” and “low compatibility” indicate that after contact or immersion, the elastomerp
37、roperties are adversely affected to an extent that could be detrimental to sealing performance.3.2.2 immersion test, nan operation to evaluate compatibility by determining the effect of a liquid on elastomer test specimenssubmerged in the liquid for a specified time and at a specified temperature.3.
38、2.2.1 DiscussionThe effect of the liquid is evaluated by the difference in (typical) elastomer physical properties pre- and post-immersion.3.2.3 reference elastomer, nan elastomer compound prepared using a specified formulation; its immersion test properties withselected oils have been well establis
39、hed by the use of recognized and accepted testing and documentation procedures.3.2.4 tensile stress at 50 % elongation, nthe stress required to stretch the uniform cross section of a test specimen to 50 %elongation.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Measurements of initial volume, hardness (Durometer A) a
40、nd tensile properties are made on specimens of specifieddimensions cut from sheets of reference elastomers.D7216 1334.1.1 Table 1 shows the types of elastomers involved, typical of those used in heavy-duty diesel engines.4.2 The elastomer specimens are immersed in both non-reference oil(s) and a ref
41、erence oil and aged for 336 h at specifiedtemperatures.4.3 The effects of the test oils on the elastomers are determined by measuring the changes in volume, hardness and tensileproperties resulting from the immersion in the oil.5. Significance and Use5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown
42、to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotiveengines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed toan engines operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.5.2 This tes
43、t method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil, TMC 1006-1, known to beaggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated orpredicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.5.3 Ela
44、stomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch-to-batch but also within asheet and from sheet-to-sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allowit to update continually the total and within-laborat
45、ory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effectsof variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research anddevelopment.5.
46、5 The reference elastomers, reference oil and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specificrequirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered toogeneralized for engine oils.6. Apparatus6.1 The testing
47、 equipment as specified in Test Methods D412, D471, D2240, and D5662 is required for the use of this testmethod.6.2 BalanceUse any commercially available balance capable of weighing to the nearest 0.1 mg. Equip the balance with asuspension hook and a platform to locate a hydrostatic-weighing beaker
48、above the balance pan.6.2.1 CalibrationCalibrate the balance annually as described in Test Method D5662.6.3 Hardness Durometer ASee Test Method D2240. Use a standmounted Durometer.6.3.1 CalibrationCalibrate the hardness Durometer annually as described in Test Method D2240. Use an outside source, wit
49、hstandards traceable to the National Institute for Standards Technology (NIST), for annual calibration. Perform checks with internalstandards weekly. Checks with internal standards shall be within 63 points. Calibrate internal standards annually, using an outsidesource, with standards traceable to NIST.6.4 Tension Testing MachineSee the appropriate sections of Test Method D412. The rate of grip separation for the tensiontesting shall be (8.5 6 0.8) mm/s.6.4.1 CalibrationUsing an outside source, calibrate the tension testing machine annually
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