1、Designation: D7226 13 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forDetermining the Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalts Using aRotational Paddle Viscometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method utilizes the rotational paddle viscom-eter to measure the viscosi
3、ty of emulsified asphalt. It isapplicable to all the emulsified asphalts described in Specifi-cations D977 and D2397.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesaf
4、ety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dan
5、ce with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Sta
6、ndards:2D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified AsphaltE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 viscosity, nratio of shear stress to shear rate.3.1.1
7、1 DiscussionThe SI unit of viscosity is the Pascalsecond (Pas).34. Summary of Test Method4.1 The rotational paddle viscometer method is used tomeasure the apparent viscosity of emulsified asphalt at 50 C,25 C, or other agreed-upon temperatures. A microprocessorcircuitry system functioning in tandem
8、 with a temperatureprobe and equipped with internal electronic sensors detects andanalyzes the preset temperature. A paddle is immersed in theemulsified asphalt sample and is rotated at 100 r/min. Theapparent viscosity of the sample is obtained and read from theelectronic display or an optional prin
9、ter.5. Significance and Use5.1 The viscosity of emulsified asphalts characterizes theirflow properties and affects their utility at 50 C or at othertemperatures. The sprayability and workability of an emulsi-fied asphalt are directly related to its viscosity for manyapplications. The material must b
10、e thin enough to be sprayedyet thick enough such that it will not flow from the crown orgrade of the road. For mixing-grade emulsified asphalts, theviscosity will affect its workability and resulting film thicknesson the aggregate. This test method is useful to measure theapparent viscosity of emuls
11、ified asphalt at a temperature of50 C, 25 C, or another agreed-upon temperature. The presettemperature and rotational speed at 100 r/min allow for anautomated and consistent determination of an emulsified as-phalt viscosity within a short time.6. Apparatus6.1 The rotational paddle viscometer test sy
12、stem consists ofa paddle, temperature probe, sample cup, the sample cup cover,a means of controlling the sample temperature to within60.1 C, and a readout system to display viscosity. Thedimensions of the sample cup and paddle are shown in Figs.1-3.6.2 ThermometerAny thermometric device can be used
13、tomonitor the temperature of the sample being conditioned fortesting.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.42 onEmulsified Asphalt Test.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published Octobe
14、r 2017. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7226 13. DOI:10.1520/D7226-13R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
15、standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The centimetre gram second (cgs) unit of viscosity is the poise (dynes/cm2) andis equivalent to 0.1 Pas. One centipoise (cP) is one millipascal second (mPas).Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
16、428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Tech
17、nical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1FIG. 1 Paddle DimensionsFIG. 2 Sample Cup DimensionsD7226 13 (2017)26.3 SieveAn 850-m sieve or a 20-mesh strainer of wirecloth, framed or unframed, conforming to Specification E11 isused.6.4 Oven/Water BathAn oven/water bath capable of main-taining the requir
18、ed testing temperature within the limit of63 C.7. Hazards7.1 WarningMercury has been designated by the EPAand many state agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Cautio
19、n should be taken when handling mercury andmercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and the EPAswebsite http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm for additionalinformation. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/ormercury-containing produ
20、cts in your state may be prohibitedby state law.8. Calibration and Standardization8.1 Calibrate the rotational paddle viscometer at periodicintervals or as required by measuring the viscosity at 25 C ofan appropriate standard following the procedure in Section 9.8.2 If the measured viscosity standar
21、d differs from thecertified value by more than 11 %, calculate a correction factor,F, for the viscometer as follows:F 5 swhere:s= certified viscosity of the standard at the test temperature,and = measured viscosity at 25 C.8.3 Calibrate the rotational paddle viscometer in the samemanner as above, us
22、ing a viscosity standard for 50 C.9. Procedure9.1 Obtain a representative sample of the material fortesting using standard procedures as specified in PracticeD140.9.2 Turn on the viscometer power and set to the testtemperature and attach the paddle to the viscometer. Allow theinstrument to warm up f
23、or a minimum of 30 min.9.3 Emulsified asphalts with a viscosity testing requirementof 50 C shall be heated to 50 6 3 C in the original samplecontainer in a water bath or oven as described herein. If thesample temperature is greater or less than 50 C then it shouldbe conditioned to the required test
24、temperature. Pour thesample into a clean sample cup through the 850-m sieve or20-mesh strainer to the fill line of the viscometer sample cup.9.4 Emulsified asphalts with a viscosity testing temperaturerequirement of 25 C should be conditioned at 25 6 3Cintheoriginal sample container to achieve homog
25、eneity. Pour thesample into the sample cup after passing through an 850-m or20-mesh sieve.9.5 Pull the heater block forward and clear of the paddle.Place the filled sample cup into the heater block and rotate thecup to lock it in place. Push the heater block back until it stopsbeneath the paddle.FIG
26、 3 Paddle and Sample CupD7226 13 (2017)39.6 Raise the heater block to submerge the paddle into thesample. Verify that the paddle and temperature probe aretotally submerged in the sample. The paddle should be free torotate. Place the sample cover over the sample cup.9.7 Verify that the temperature o
27、f the sample is a fewdegrees lower than the target temperature before beginning theautomatic test sequence then enter RUN TEST. The rotationalspeed is preset by the manufacturer to 100 r/min.9.8 After the test is completed, record the viscosity readingfrom the viscometer and, if appropriate, apply t
28、he correctionfactor as described in Section 8.10. Report10.1 Report the apparent viscosity in mPas to the nearest0.1 mPas from the viscometer.10.2 Report the temperature to the nearest 0.1 C.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results (95
29、 probability):411.1.1 Single-Operator PrecisionDuplicate results by thesame operator should not be considered suspect unless theydiffer by more that the following amount:Test TemperatureCViscositymPa.sRepeatability% of the mean25 25 to 200 8.250 100 to 1000 12.911.1.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionThe r
30、esults submitted byeach of two laboratories should not be considered suspectunless they differ by more than the following amount:Test TemperatureCViscositymPa.sReproducibility% of the mean25 25 to 200 2250 100 to 1000 6411.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the basis ofthe procedure because no
31、 material having the accepted refer-ence value is available.12. Keywords12.1 emulsified asphalt; rotational; rotational paddle vis-cometer; viscosityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users
32、 of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every f
33、ive years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical
34、 committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
35、PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy
36、the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ Reports RR:D04-1037 and RR:D04-1038 present the results of theInterlaboratory Study used to establish the precision and bias statement for ASTMD7226, Standard Test
37、Method for Determining the Viscosity of Emulsified AsphaltUsing a Rotational Paddle Viscometer. The collaborative study included respec-tively 14 labs and 15 labs that used method D7226 to analyze the viscosity of severaltypes of emulsified asphalt of varying viscosity levels, including three differentstandards. The research reports present summary method performance statistics aswell as the measurement data used to calculate results for the study.D7226 13 (2017)4
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