1、Designation: D7267 12D7267 13Standard Test Method forEdge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile YarnFloor Covering1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7267; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to ravel a straight sewn yarn from the edge
3、of a loop pile,textile floor covering.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address
4、 all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification f
5、or Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to pile floor coverings, refer to Terminology D5684.3.2 The following
6、 terms are relevant to this standard: carpet, constant-rate-of-extension, finished, finished pile yarn floorcovering, floor covering, loop pile yarn floor covering, pile, pile yarn floor covering, textile floor covering, tuft, tuft leg, tuftedfabric, edge ravel.3.3 For definition of other terms rela
7、ted to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Ayarn end is raveled from a straight sewn, loop pile textile floor covering using a tensile testing machine.The force requiredto pull the tufted yarn from the edge of a tufted loop pile floor covering is measured and recorded. T
8、he required load or force toremove the yarn from the specimen is calculated and defined as “edge ravel strength.” Floor covering installation expertsrecommend using a seam sealer to secure the cut edges of a textile floor covering.5. Significance and Use5.1 The satisfactory performance of a loop pil
9、e floor covering depends, to a considerable extent, on the installation andmaintenance of the product. A loop pile floor covering with inadequate edge ravel strength may result in loops pulling out fromthe backing, resulting in an aesthetically displeasing appearance. Tuft rows located at the seam o
10、f a loop pile floor covering arethe most susceptible to raveling.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012July 1, 2013. Published December 2012Au
11、gust 2013. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 asD726706.12. DOI: 10.1520/D7267-12.10.1520/D7267-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume inf
12、ormation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately
13、depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
14、 19428-2959. United States16. Apparatus6.1 Tensile Testing MachineA constant-rate-of extension (CRE) type conforming to Specification D76, a constant rate ofspeed of 12 6 0.5 in./min (300 6 10 mm/min) is required. Full-scale loads range from 1 to 10 lb (0.545 to 4.53 kg) are generallyadequate. A con
15、stant rate of traverse (CRT) type tensile testing machine conforming to the Specification D76 and operated at thesame speed is permitted. There may be no overall correlation with CRE-type and CRT-type testing machines. Consequently, thetwo machines cannot be used interchangeably. In the case of cont
16、roversy, the CRE-type testing machine shall prevail.6.2 Clamps and Jaw FacesThe use of hydraulic or pneumatic, serrated or padded face, clamping systems with a minimumof 1 by 3 in. (25 by 75 mm) are recommended to reduce specimen slippage. The faces shall be parallel and have matching centerswith re
17、spect to one another (in the same clamp) and to the corresponding jaw face of the other clamp.7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 Lot SampleWhen performing acceptance testing for a sample lot, take at random the number of rolls or pieces of pile yarnfloor covering as directed on an applic
18、able material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.Consider the rolls or pieces of pile yarn floor covering to be the primary sampling units. In the absence of such agreement, takeone roll or piece from the lot to be tested.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor acceptance testi
19、ng, take a “laboratory sampling unit” that is a minimum of 18 in. (460 mm) in themachine direction by full width (cross machine direction) from each roll or piece in the lot sample.7.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sample unit, cut three specimens with the longer direction parallel to the machi
20、nedirection. Consider the long dimension as the direction of the test.7.4 Specimen DimensionCut the specimens to a width/ length dimension of 2 by 6 in. 6 0.1 in. (50 by 150 mm 6 2 mm),respectively.7.5 Specimen Sampling and LabelingObtain specimens, representing a broad distribution along the length
21、 and width of eachlaboratory sample unit. Take one specimen near each edge of the sampling unit but, no nearer the edge than 5 % of the width, andtake one specimen from the center area. Ensure that specimens are free of folds, creases or wrinkles. Label to maintain specimenidentity.7.6 Preparation o
22、f SpecimensWith hemostats or like device, grasp a yarn end that is near to the edge of the specimen and thatcan be pulled the entire specimen length. Remove the entire tufted row of yarn from the specimen.7.7 With scissors or knife remove the void backing area (created by removing the tufted row of
23、yarn in 7.6), See Fig. 1.7.8 Grasp the yarn from the tufted row next to the area trimmed from in 7.7, and pull the yarn away from the backing fordistance of 1.5 to 2 in. (37.5 to 50.0 mm).8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Tensile Testing MachinePrepare the machine according to the manufactures instruct
24、ions and using the conditions givenin 8.1.1 and 8.1.2.8.1.1 The distance between the clamps should be 1 6 0.05 in (25 6 1 mm). Select the “full scale force” range of the testingmachine such that the maximum force occurs between 15 and 85 % of “full scale” force. Verify the testing machine for this r
25、ange.8.1.2 Select a testing machine speed of 12 6 0.5 in. (300 6 12 mm) /min.mm)/min.FIG. 1 Photograph of Trimming the Edge of a Pulled Tufted Row of YarnD7267 1329. Conditioning9.1 Condition the laboratory sampling unit or the test specimens in the standard atmosphere for textile testing, 21 6 1C (
26、706 2F) 70 6 2F (21 6 1C) at 65 6 2 % relative humidity, 12 hoursh or until the mass changes no more than 0.1 % in 2 hourshas directed in Practice D1776.10. Procedure10.1 Center and secure the length of the test specimen in the lower clamps with the trimmed edge facing the top clamp, as shownin Fig.
27、 2. Set the distance between the upper and lower clamps to 1 inch.in.10.2 Secure the partially raveled yarn end in the upper clamps, as shown in Fig. 2.10.3 Activate the machine to start the test. The recording device will record the force required to ravel the loop away from thespecimen. The record
28、ing will show a series of peaks and valleys. Each peak represents the force required to ravel the yarn end fromthe edge of the carpet backing. Conduct the evaluation until there is approximately 6 in. (150 mm) of jaw separation. Then stopthe machine, remove the yarn and specimen from the clamps, and
29、 return the clamp to the starting position.11. Calculation or Interpretation of Results11.1 From the recording device, determine and document the five highest peaks for each specimen of the sampling unit.Averagethe five highest peaks and record to the nearest 0.1 lbf (0.5 N).11.2 If the yarn breaks
30、during testing, record the breaking strength obtained, and report that the “Test was not completed dueto yarn breakage.”11.3 Using the values from the three specimens of the sampling unit tested in 11.1; calculate the overall average edge ravel valuefor each laboratory sampling unit or lot.12. Repor
31、t12.1 State that edge ravel resistance was determined as directed in Test Method D7267. Describe the material or productsampled and the method of sampling used.12.2 Report the following information:12.2.1 Edge ravel resistance of each specimen and laboratory sampling unit.12.2.2 If the yarn breaks b
32、efore completing the test, record the maximum resistance at the break of the yarn. Note that theresistance to raveling exceeds the yarns breaking strength.FIG. 2 Photograph of Edge Ravel Specimen Ready for TestingD7267 13313. Precision and Bias13.1 An inter-laboratory study involving five laboratori
33、es and eight different loop pile tufted carpets was performed in 2004,using the procedure described in this test method. Each loop pile carpet was sampled using a sidecenterside configuration. Thedata was analyzed using Practice E691. The inter-laboratory precision study is characterized by reproduc
34、ibility (Sr edge ravel strength; loop pile floor covering; ravel; textile floor coveringTABLE 1 Inter-Laboratory Precision Analysis for Edge RavelResistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor CoveringMaterials AverageResistance (lb) Sr SR R RCarpet A 1.611 0.181 0.440 0.507 1.233Carpet B 2.593 0
35、.581 0.600 1.627 1.678Carpet D 1.013 0.360 0.360 1.009 1.009Carpet F 1.274 0.243 0.297 0.680 0.830Carpet G 3.781 0.283 0.733 0.793 2.052Carpet H 2.519 0.613 0.613 1.717 1.717Carpet I 2.645 0.284 0.321 0.795 0.899D7267 134ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent righ
36、ts asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any
37、time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will
38、 receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM
39、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or
40、through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 2 h Value Results Describing Between Lab Precision forEdge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile Yarn, TuftedFloor CoveringsLaboratory Carpet
41、 SpecimenA B D F G H I1 -0.61 -0.71 0.23 -0.01 1.16 0.23 0.592 -1.23 -1.35 0.24 -1.55 -0.98 -1.37 -0.353 1.02 0.47 -0.95 -0.19 -0.86 0.28 -0.734 1.02 0.47 -0.95 0.72 0.94 1.33 1.455 -0.19 1.11 1.44 1.02 -0.26 -0.47 -0.95Critical h-statistic = 1.75TABLE 3 k Value Results Describing Within Lab Precisi
42、on forEdge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile Yarn, TuftedFloor CoveringsLaboratory Carpet SpecimenA B D F G H I1 1.16 0.73 1.46 0.78 0.39 0.30 0.842 1.46 0.30 0.16 0.95 0.93 0.77 1.423 0.64 1.31 1.16 1.44 0.97 1.10 0.674 0.64 1.31 1.16 0.86 1.59 0.90 1.135 0.84 0.96 0.42 0.82 0.71 1.51 0.73Critical k-statistic = 1.91D7267 135
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