1、Designation: D7273/D7273M 08 (Reapproved 2013)1Standard Guide forfor Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geonets andGeonet Drainage Geocomposites1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7273/D7273M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in June 2013.1. Scope1.1 This guide cove
3、rs guidelines for the acceptance testingfrequency requirements for geonet and geonet drainage geo-composite materials describing types of tests, test methods, andrecommended verifications.1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers,contractors, owners, operators, designers, and agencies
4、 inestablishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptancetesting and verification. This is intended to assure that thesupplied geonet and/or geonet drainage geocomposite roll(s)meet accepted material specifications.1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of opt
5、ions and does not recommend a specific courseof action. This guide cannot replace education or experienceand should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circum-stances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace thestandard
6、of care by which the adequacy of a given professionalservice must be judged, nor should this guide be appliedwithout consideration of a projects many unique aspects. Theword “Standard“ in the title of this guide means only that theguide has been approved through the ASTM Internationalconsensus proce
7、ss.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewi
8、th the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use
9、.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1603 Test Method for Carbon Black Content in OlefinPlasticsD4218 Test Method for D
10、etermination of Carbon BlackContent in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-Furnace TechniqueD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs) for TestingD4355 Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles byExposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon ArcType
11、ApparatusD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextilesby PermittivityD4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geo-textilesD4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongationof GeotextilesD4716 Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flo
12、wRate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of aGeosynthetic Using a Constant HeadD4751 Test Method for DeterminingApparent Opening Sizeof a GeotextileD4759 Practice for Determining the Specification Confor-mance of GeosyntheticsD4873 Guide for Identification, Storage, and Handling ofGeosynthe
13、tic Rolls and SamplesD5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thicknessof GeosyntheticsD5321 Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosyntheticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties
14、.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D727308. DOI:10.1520/D7273_D7273M-08R13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A
15、nnual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Inter-faces by Direct Shea
16、rD6241 Test Method for the Static Puncture Strength ofGeotextiles and Geotextile-Related Products Using a50-mm ProbeD7005 Test Method for Determining the Bond Strength (PlyAdhesion) of GeocompositesD7179 Test Method for Determining Geonet Breaking Force3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of
17、 terms related togeosynthetics, refer to Terminology D4439.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 acceptance testing, ntesting performed on a productto determine whether or not an individual lot of the productconforms to specified requirements.3.2.2 agency, nin geosynthetics, the o
18、rganization thatreviews the permit application for compliance with the agen-cys regulation and all quality assurance documentation beforeand after construction.3.2.3 contractor, nin geosynthetics, the party or organiza-tion that has the responsibility for the construction of themanmade project, stru
19、cture, or system.3.2.4 designer, nin geosynthetics, the person or organiza-tion that designs a manmade project, structure, or system thatfulfills the owners/operators requirements and meets orexceeds the minimum requirements of the agency.3.2.5 geonet geocomposite, nproduct composed of two ormore ma
20、terials, at least one of which is a geonet.3.2.6 installer, nin geosynthetics, the party that installs, orfacilitates installation of, any materials purchased from manu-facturers or suppliers.3.2.7 manufacturer, nin geosynthetics, the group,corporation, partnership, or individual that manufactures a
21、product.3.2.8 manufacturing quality control (MQC), nplannedsystem of activities by the manufacturer whose purpose is toprovide a level of quality that meets the needs of productrequirements; also, the use of such a system.3.2.9 operator, nin geosynthetics, the person or organiza-tion that operates t
22、he manmade project, structure, or system.3.2.10 owner, nin geosynthetics, the person or organiza-tion that owns the manmade project, structure, or system.3.2.11 purchaser, nin geosynthetics, the person, company,or organization that purchases any materials or work to beperformed.3.2.12 quality assura
23、nce (QA), nall those planned orsystematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidencethat a material, product, system, or service will satisfy givenneeds.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 MDMachine direction.3.3.2 MQC, n Manufacturing quality control.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide suggests the types o
24、f tests, the methods of thetesting, and verification requirements for acceptance testing ofgeonet and geonet geocomposite materials.4.2 It should be recognized that parties, organizations, orrepresentatives may perform additional tests at other frequen-cies than required in this guide. In this case,
25、 the project-specificacceptance plan will then take precedence over this guide.5. Procedure5.1 The geocomposite components are typically tested dur-ing MQC (Practice D4354) and typically documented bymeans of a letter of certification or summarized MQC test dataor both. These actual tested values (M
26、QC test data) should beverified to be in conformance with the accepted materialspecifications. This can be done by reviewing the MQC testdata, or by additional quality assurance testing, or both, andpurchasers specification conformance testing. Purchasersspecification acceptance/conformance testing
27、should be donedirectly after arrival of the product on site, and definitelybefore product installation. Properties of the individual geo-composite components (geonet and geotextile) are likely tochange during the lamination process. If the properties of thefinished geocomposites component to be cont
28、rolled are thosemeasured before lamination, it might be necessary to samplethe individual components in the plant, before lamination. Ifthe tests are conducted on the components delaminated fromthe geocomposite, those test results will not reflect what isintended to be controlled.5.2 Supplied geonet
29、/geonet geocomposite rolls should beobserved on site to identify any damage to the rolls orwrapping. In case of any damage, Guide D4873 should befollowed. Any damage should be noted and reported.5.3 Before storing or unrolling geonet/geonet geocompositerolls, or both, the individual roll identificat
30、ion should beverified and compared with the packing list. Irregularitiesshould be noted and reported.5.4 If sampling of geonet/geonet geocomposite material isnecessary, for example, for testing purposes, Guide D4354should be followed.5.5 The recommended acceptance tests and test methods forgeonets a
31、re given in Table 1 and for geonet geocompositematerials are given in Table 2. The tests are performed on thegeonets and geotextiles before lamination except for geocom-posite transmissivity and geocomposite ply adhesion andshould be compared with the accepted material specifications.Irregularities
32、should be noted and reported.5.6 All test results should be reported as average roll values(not the value for a single specimen tested) in accordance to theASTM procedures listed in Table 1 and Table 2, and ultimatelycompared to the specified values (manufacturing and or projectspecification) to be
33、acceptable. The pass or fail of the confor-mance test results shall be determined according to PracticeD4759. Geonet and or geonet geocomposite rolls failing theaccepted material specifications need to be rejected. TheD7273/D7273M 08 (2013)12sequence of non-conforming rolls in the lot shall be bound
34、ed/delineated by passing rolls (“blocking tests”).6. Report6.1 All activities on product acceptance should be recordedon a suitable data sheet. Recorded activities may take the formof notes, charts, sketches, photographs, or a combination ofthese. Report the following information:6.1.1 Manufacturers
35、 letter of certification or MQC data orboth;6.1.2 Description or title of product acceptance activity orboth,6.1.3 Location, date, and time of acceptance activity;6.1.4 Procedure used for acceptance activity;6.1.5 Geonet/geonet geocomposite roll and lot numbers,brand names, and other product specifi
36、c information;6.1.6 Results of acceptance activity;6.1.7 Company of involved personnel;6.1.8 Signature and printed name of acceptance inspector;6.1.9 Summarized test results of acceptance activities;6.1.10 Irregularities discovered during acceptance activi-ties; and6.1.11 Roll number of rejected geo
37、net/geonet geocompositerolls.7. Keywords7.1 acceptance; geonet; geonet geocomposite; geosynthet-ics; geotextile; testing; verificationTABLE 1 Types of Acceptance Test and Methods for Geonets (SI Units)A,BTest Designation, Reporting Units Test Method (ASTM)Frequency ofAcceptance TestingReported Avera
38、ge Test ValuesCompared to:CGeonetDensity, kg/m3 DD1505 or D792 project specified Specified ValueCarbon black content, %DD4218 or D1603 project specified Specified ValuePeak tensile strength (MD), N/mm D7179 project specified Specified ValueThickness, mm D5199 project specified Specified ValueTransmi
39、ssivity (MD), m2/s D4716 project specified Specified ValueAFrequencies may change on the size or sensitivity of the project. On small projects tests may be replaced by a letter of certification. Example for project (size50 000 m2500 000 ft2) specific acceptance testing:Density of the geonet = Every
40、10 000 m2100 000 ft2Carbon black content of the geonet = Every 10 000 m2100 000 ft2Peak tensile strength of the geonet in MD = Every 10 000 m2100 000 ft2Thickness of the geonet = Every 10 000 m2100 000 ft2Transmissivity of the geonet = Every 50 000 m2500 000 ft2BAdditional acceptance tests may be re
41、quired depending on the application. For example, in applications in which shear strength is critical, direct shear tests (Test MethodD5321) may be needed.CThis column proposes a pass/fail criterion for the measured average roll value. All measured average roll values (not the value for a single spe
42、cimen tested) should bereported in accordance of the ASTM procedure listed above, measured at a frequency greater than or equal as what is listed above, and ultimately compared to thespecified value (manufacturing and or project specification) to be acceptable or conforming. If the measured average
43、roll value is below the specified value, that particularroll will be catalogued as “failed”, or non-conforming. Note that most individual ASTM standards describe within the standard procedure as of how to address “failed” ornon-conforming measured values. Typically checking all setup and boundary co
44、nditions would be done first in a retest of the initially “failed” sample. If the average of bothtests confirm that the geonet is non-conforming, then the geonet rolls failing the accepted material specification value need to be rejected. The sequence of non-conformingrolls in the lot shall be bound
45、ed/delineated by passing rolls (“blocking tests”). The pass/fail criterion is thus a threshold methodology, a measured average roll value greateror equal as the “specified value” means a passing or conforming result for that particular test method.DThe correct test method should be agreed on prior t
46、esting.D7273/D7273M 08 (2013)13ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof i
47、nfringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this sta
48、ndard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your
49、views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.
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