1、Designation: D 7273 08Standard Guide forfor Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geonets andGeonet Drainage Geocomposites1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7273; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testingfrequency requirements for geonet and geonet drainage
3、 geo-composite materials describing types of tests, test methods, andrecommended verifications.1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers,contractors, owners, operators, designers, and agencies inestablishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptancetesting and verification. Thi
4、s is intended to assure that thesupplied geonet and/or geonet drainage geocomposite roll(s)meet accepted material specifications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recomme
5、nd a specific courseof action. This guide cannot replace education or experienceand should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circum-stances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace thestandard of care by which the adeq
6、uacy of a given professionalservice must be judged, nor should this guide be appliedwithout consideration of a projects many unique aspects. Theword 9Standard9 in the title of this guide means only that theguide has been approved through the ASTM Internationalconsensus process.1.5 This standard does
7、 not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stand
8、ards:2D 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD 1603 Test Method for Carbon Black Content in OlefinPlasticsD 4218 Test Method for Determination of Carbon BlackConten
9、t in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-Furnace TechniqueD 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for TestingD 4355 Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles byExposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a XenonArc TypeApparatusD 4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD 4491 Test Methods for Water
10、Permeability of Geotextilesby PermittivityD 4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength ofGeotextilesD 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-tion of GeotextilesD 4716 Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) FlowRate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of aGeosynthetic Usi
11、ng a Constant HeadD 4751 Test Method for Determining Apparent OpeningSize of a GeotextileD 4759 Practice for Determining the Specification Con-formance of GeosyntheticsD 4873 Guide for Identification, Storage, and Handling ofGeosynthetic Rolls and SamplesD 5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal
12、Thicknessof GeosyntheticsD 5321 Test Method for Determining the Coefficient of Soiland Geosynthetic or Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic Fric-tion by the Direct Shear MethodD 6241 Test Method for the Static Puncture Strength ofGeotextiles and Geotextile-Related Products Using a50-mm ProbeD 7005 Test Met
13、hod for Determining the Bond Strength(Ply Adhesion) of Geocomposites1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosyntheticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008.2For referenced
14、 ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
15、hohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 7179 Test Method for Determining Geonet BreakingForce3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms related to geosyn-thetics, refer to Terminology D 4439.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 acceptance testing, ntesting performed o
16、n a productto determine whether or not an individual lot of the productconforms to specified requirements.3.2.2 agency, nin geosynthetics, the organization thatreviews the permit application for compliance with the agen-cys regulation and all quality assurance documentation beforeand after construct
17、ion.3.2.3 contractor, nin geosynthetics, the party or organi-zation that has the responsibility for the construction of themanmade project, structure, or system.3.2.4 designer, nin geosynthetics, the person or organiza-tion that designs a manmade project, structure, or system thatfulfills the owners
18、/operators requirements and meets orexceeds the minimum requirements of the agency.3.2.5 geonet geocomposite, nproduct composed of two ormore materials, at least one of which is a geonet.3.2.6 installer, nin geosynthetics, the party that installs, orfacilitates installation of, any materials purchas
19、ed from manu-facturers or suppliers.3.2.7 manufacturer, nin geosynthetics, the group, corpo-ration, partnership, or individual that manufactures a product.3.2.8 quality assurance (QA), nall those planned or sys-tematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence thata material, product, system,
20、 or service will satisfy given needs.3.2.9 manufacturing quality control (MQC), nplannedsystem of activities by the manufacturer whose purpose is toprovide a level of quality that meets the needs of productrequirements; also, the use of such a system.3.2.10 operator, nin geosynthetics, the person or
21、 organi-zation that operates the manmade project, structure, or system.3.2.11 owner, nin geosynthetics, the person or organiza-tion that owns the manmade project, structure, or system.3.2.12 purchaser, nin geosynthetics, the person, com-pany, or organization that purchases any materials or work tobe
22、 performed.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 MDMachine direction.3.3.2 MQC, n Manufacturing quality control.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide suggests the types of tests, the methods of thetesting, and verification requirements for acceptance testing ofgeonet and geonet geocomposite materials.4.2 It should be
23、 recognized that parties, organizations, orrepresentatives may perform additional tests at other frequen-cies than required in this guide. In this case, the project-specificacceptance plan will then take precedence over this guide.5. Procedure5.1 The geocomposite components are typically tested dur-
24、ing MQC (Practice D 4354) and typically documented bymeans of a letter of certification or summarized MQC test dataor both. These actual tested values (MQC test data) should beverified to be in conformance with the accepted materialspecifications. This can be done by reviewing the MQC testdata, or b
25、y additional quality assurance testing, or both, andpurchasers specification conformance testing. Purchasersspecification acceptance/conformance testing should be donedirectly after arrival of the product on site, and definitelybefore product installation. Properties of the individual geo-composite
26、components (geonet and geotextile) are likely tochange during the lamination process. If the properties of thefinished geocomposites component to be controlled are thoseTABLE 1 Types of Acceptance Test and Methods for Geonets (SI Units)A,BTest Designation, Reporting Units Test Method (ASTM)Frequency
27、 ofAcceptance TestingReported Average Test ValuesCompared to:CGeonetDensity, kg/m3 DD 1505 or D 792 project specified Specified ValueCarbon black content, %DD 4218 or D 1603 project specified Specified ValuePeak tensile strength (MD), N/mm D 7179 project specified Specified ValueThickness, mm D 5199
28、 project specified Specified ValueTransmissivity (MD), m2/s D 4716 project specified Specified ValueAFrequencies may change on the size or sensitivity of the project. On small projects tests may be replaced by a letter of certification. Example for project (size50 000 m2(500 000 ft2) specific accept
29、ance testing:Density of the geonetCarbon black content of the geonetPeak tensile strength of the geonet in MDThickness of the geonetTransmissivity of the geonetEvery 10 000 m2100 000 ft2!Every 10 000 m2100 000 ft2!Every 10 000 m2100 000 ft2!Every 10 000 m2100 000 ft2!Every 50 000 m2500 000 ft2!BAddi
30、tional acceptance tests may be required depending on the application. For example, in applications in which shear strength is critical, direct shear tests (TestMethod D 5321) may be needed.CThis column proposes a pass/fail criterion for the measured average roll value. All measured average roll valu
31、es (not the value for a single specimen tested) shouldbe reported in accordance of the ASTM procedure listed above, measured at a frequency greater than or equal as what is listed above, and ultimately compared to thespecified value (manufacturing and or project specification) to be acceptable or co
32、nforming. If the measured average roll value is below the specified value, that particularroll will be catalogued as “failed”, or non-conforming. Note that most individual ASTM standards describe within the standard procedure as of how to address “failed” ornon-conforming measured values. Typically
33、checking all setup and boundary conditions would be done first in a retest of the initially “failed” sample. If the average of bothtests confirm that the geonet is non-conforming, then the geonet rolls failing the accepted material specification value need to be rejected. The sequence of non-conform
34、ingrolls in the lot shall be bounded/delineated by passing rolls (“blocking tests”). The pass/fail criterion is thus a threshold methodology, a measured average roll value greateror equal as the “specified value” means a passing or conforming result for that particular test method.DThe correct test
35、method should be agreed on prior testing.D7273082measured before lamination, it might be necessary to samplethe individual components in the plant, before lamination. Ifthe tests are conducted on the components delaminated fromthe geocomposite, those test results will not reflect what isintended to
36、be controlled.5.2 Supplied geonet/geonet geocomposite rolls should beobserved on site to identify any damage to the rolls orwrapping. In case of any damage, Guide D 4873 should befollowed. Any damage should be noted and reported.5.3 Before storing or unrolling geonet/geonet geocompositerolls, or bot
37、h, the individual roll identification should beverified and compared with the packing list. Irregularitiesshould be noted and reported.5.4 If sampling of geonet/geonet geocomposite material isnecessary, for example, for testing purposes, Guide D 4354should be followed.5.5 The recommended acceptance
38、tests and test methods forgeonets are given in Table 1 and for geonet geocompositematerials are given in Table 2. The tests are performed on thegeonets and geotextiles before lamination except for geocom-posite transmissivity and geocomposite ply adhesion andshould be compared with the accepted mate
39、rial specifications.Irregularities should be noted and reported.5.6 All test results should be reported as average roll values(not the value for a single specimen tested) in accordance to theASTM procedures listed in Table 1 and Table 2, and ultimatelyTABLE 2 Types of Acceptance Test and Methods for
40、 Geonet Composites (SI Units)A,BTest Designation, Reporting Units Test Method (ASTM)Frequency ofAcceptance TestingReport Average ValueCompared to:CGeonet (before lamination)Density, kg/m3 DD 1505 or D 792 project specific Specified ValueCarbon black content, %DD 4218 or D 1603 project specific Speci
41、fied ValuePeak tensile strength (MD), N/mm D 7179 project specific Specified ValueThickness, mm D 5199 project specific Specified ValueGeotextile (before lamination)Grab strength, N D 4632 project specific Specified ValueTear strength, N D 4533 project specific Specified ValueStatic Puncture strengt
42、h, N D 6241 project specific Specified ValuePermittivity, s-1D 4491 project specific Specified ValueAOS, mm D 4751 project specific Specified ValueEUV stability, % ret (500 h) D 4355 project specific Specified ValueGeonet Composite (after lamination)Transmissivity (MD), m2/s D 4716 project specific
43、Specified ValuePly Adhesion,FN/m D 7005 project specific Specified ValueAFrequencies may change on the size or sensitivity of the project. On small projects tests may be replaced by a letter of certification. Example for project (size 50 000 m2(500 000 ft2) specific acceptance testing:Density of the
44、 geonetCarbon black content of the geonetPeak tensile strength of the geonet in MDThickness of the geonetGrab strength of the geotextileTear strength of the geotextileStatic puncture strength of the geotextilePermittivity of the geotextileAOS of the geotextileTransmissivity of the geonet compositePl
45、y adhesion of the geonet compositeEvery 10 000 m2100 000 ft2!Every 10 000 m2100 000 ft2!Every 10 000 m2100 000 ft2!Every 10 000 m2100 000 ft2!Every 10 000 m2100 000 ft2!Every 10 000 m2100 000 ft2!Every 10 000 m2100 000 ft2!Every 50 000 m2500 000 ft2!Every 50 000 m2500 000 ft2!Every 50 000 m2500 000
46、ft2!Every 10 000 m2100 000 ft2!BAdditional acceptance tests may be required depending on the application. For example, in applications in which shear strength is critical, direct shear tests (TestMethod D 5321) may be neededCThis column proposes a pass/fail criterion for the measured average roll va
47、lue. All measured average roll values (not the value for a single specimen tested) shouldbe reported in accordance of the ASTM procedure listed above, measured at a frequency greater than or equal as what is listed above, and ultimately compared to thespecified value (manufacturing and or project sp
48、ecification) to be acceptable or conforming. If the measured average roll value is below the specified value, that particularroll will be catalogued as “failed”, or non-conforming. Note that most individual ASTM standards describe within the standard procedure as of how to address “failed” ornon-con
49、forming measured values. Typically a retest checking all setup and boundary conditions would be done first on the initially “failed” sample. If the average of bothtests confirm that the geonet composite is non-conforming, then the geonet composite rolls failing the accepted material specification value need to be rejected. Thesequence of non-conforming rolls in the lot shall be bounded/delineated by passing rolls (“blocking tests”). The pass/fail criterion is thus a threshold methodology, ameasured average roll value greater or equal as the “spec
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