ASTM D7320-2008a 516 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG Spark-Ignition Engine.pdf

1、Designation: D 7320 08aAn American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG,Spark-Ignition Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7320; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt

2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe test method described in this standard can be used by any properly eq

3、uipped laboratory; it doesnot require the assistance of anyone outside that laboratory. However, the ASTM Test MonitoringCenter (TMC)2provides reference oils and an assessment of the test results obtained on those oils bythe laboratory (see Annex A1). By these means, the laboratory will know whether

4、 their use of the testmethod gives results statistically similar to those obtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, variousagencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils againstspecifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a requirement in c

5、onnection with severalArmy engine lubricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat refer to the TMC.This test method

6、 may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by the TMC. In addition,the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method (see A1.8).1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperatureperformance ch

7、aracteristics, including oil thickening, varnishdeposition, oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oilsinclude both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity gradeoils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueledengines, as well as in diesel engines.NOTE 1Companion test methods used

8、to evaluate engine oil perfor-mance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304.1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only. The only exception is where thereis no direct SI equivalent such

9、 as screw threads, national pipethreads/diameters, and tubing size.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the ap

10、plica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warningstatements are provided in 6.14.1.1 and 7.1.1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:SectionIntroductionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Laboratory 6.1Drawings 6.

11、2Specified Equipment 6.3Test Engine 6.4Engine Parts 6.4.1Engine Speed and Load Control 6.5Fluid Conditioning Module 6.6Engine Cooling System 6.6.1Flushing Tank 6.7Coolant Mixing Tank 6.8Condenser Cooling Systems 6.9Engine Oil-Cooling System 6.10Fuel System 6.11Induction Air Supply Humidity, Temperat

12、ure, and Pressure 6.12Temperature Measurement 6.13Thermocouple Location 6.13.1Air-to-Fuel Ratio Determination 6.141This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oi

13、ls.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 732008.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Info

14、rmationletters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all information letters through No. 073.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,

15、 PA 19428-2959, United States.SectionInjector Flow Testing 6.14.1Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems 6.15Blowby Flow Rate Measurement 6.16Pressure Measurement and Sensor Location 6.17Reagents and Materials 7Test Fuel 7.1Engine and Condenser Coolant 7.2Coolant Additive 7.3Coolant Preparation 7.

16、4Pre-Test Cleaning Materials 7.5Sealing and Anti-seize Compounds 7.6Test Oil Sample Requirements 8Preparation of Apparatus 9Condenser Cleaning 9.1Intake Manifold Cleaning 9.2Cleaning of Engine Parts (other than the block and heads) 9.3Connecting Rod Cleaning 9.4Engine Block Cleaning 9.5Cylinder Head

17、 Cleaning 9.6Engine Build-up Procedure 9.7General Information 9.7.1Special Parts 9.7.2Hardware Information 9.7.3Fastener Torque Specifications and Torquing Procedures 9.7.4Main Bearing Cap Bolts 9.7.4.1Cylinder Head Bolts 9.7.4.2Torques for Miscellaneous Bolts, Studs, and Nuts 9.7.4.3Parts Replaceme

18、nt 9.8Engine Block Preparation 9.9Piston Fitting and Numbering 9.10Piston Ring Fitting 9.10.1Pre-Test Camshaft and Lifter Measurements 9.11Camshaft Bearing Installation 9.12Camshaft Installation 9.13Main Bearings 9.14Crankshaft Installation 9.14.1Main Bearing Cap Installation 9.14.2Crankshaft Sprock

19、et 9.15Camshaft Sprocket and Timing Chain 9.16Crankshaft End Play 9.17Piston Pin Installation 9.18Piston Installation 9.18.1Harmonic Balancer 9.19Connecting Rod Bearings 9.20Engine Front Cover 9.21Coolant Inlet Adapter 9.22Oil Dipstick Hole 9.23Oil Pan 9.24Cylinder Head Assembly 9.25Adjustment of Va

20、lve Spring Loads 9.26Cylinder Head Installation 9.27Hydraulic Valve Lifters 9.28Pushrods 9.29Valve Train Loading 9.30Intake Manifold 9.31Rocker Covers 9.32Water Inlet Adapter 9.33Condenser 9.34Coolant Outlet Adapter 9.35Oil Filter Adapter 9.36Oil Sample Valve 9.37Ignition System 9.38Throttle Body 9.

21、39Accessory Drive Units 9.40Exhaust Manifolds, Water-Cooled 9.41Engine Flywheel 9.42Pressure Checking of Engine Coolant System 9.43Lifting of Assembled Engines 9.44Mounting the Engine on the Test Stand 9.45External Cooling System Cleaning 9.46Engine Coolant Jacket Cleaning (Flushing) 9.47Coolant Cha

22、rging 9.48Test Oil Charging 9.49Engine Oil Pump Priming 9.50SectionCalibration 10Laboratory and Engine Test Stand Calibration 10.1Testing of Reference Oils 10.2Reference Oil Test Frequency 10.3Reporting of Reference Oil Test Results 10.4Evaluation of Reference Oil Test Results 10.5Status of Non-Refe

23、rence Oil Tests Relative to ReferenceOil Test10.6Status of Test Stands Used for Non-Standard Tests 10.7Data Acquisition and Control 10.8Sample Rate 10.8.1Measurement Accuracy 10.8.2Temperature 10.8.3Pressure 10.8.4Flow 10.8.5Speed 10.8.6Load 10.8.7Measurement Resolution 10.8.8System Time Response 10

24、.8.9Quality Index 10.8.10Engine Operating Procedure 11Dipstick and Hole Plug 11.1Dipstick Hole O-ring 11.2Engine Start-up and Shutdown Procedures 11.3Start-up 11.4Scheduled Shutdown 11.5Non-Scheduled Shutdowns 11.6Oil Sampling 11.7Oil Leveling 11.8Air-to-Fuel-Ratio Measurement and Control 11.9Air-to

25、-Fuel Ratio Verification 11.10Blowby Flow Rate Measurement 11.11NOx Determinations 11.12Data Recording 11.13Initial run (10 min) 11.14Engine Oil Quality Testing (100 h) 11.15Test Termination 11.16Determination of Test Results 12Engine Disassembly 12.2Preparation of Parts for Rating of Sticking, Depo

26、sits,and Plugging12.3Piston Deposit Rating 12.4Post-Test Camshaft and Lifter Wear Measurements 12.5Viscosity Test 12.6Testing Oil Samples for Wear Metals 12.7Blowby Flow Rate Measurements 12.8Oil Consumption Computation 12.9Photographs of Test Parts 12.10Retention of Representative Test Parts 12.11S

27、everity Adjustments 12.12Determination of Operational Validity 12.13Report 13Report Forms 13.1Use of SI Units 13.2Precision of Reported Units 13.3Deviations from Test Operational Limits 13.4Precision and Bias 14Keywords 15The Role of the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) andthe Calibration ProgramAn

28、nex A1Sequence IIIG Test Parts Replacement Guidelines Annex A2Sequence IIIG Determination Volume of Engine Oilin Pan Annex A3Sequence IIIG Test Fuel Analysis Annex A4Sequence IIIG Test Reporting Annex A5Sequence IIIG Test Air-to-Fuel Ratio Control Flow Chart Annex A6Sequence IIIG Test Set Points and

29、 Control States Annex A7Sequence IIIG Quality Index Upper and Lower Values Annex A8Sequence IIIG Engine Oil Level Worksheet Annex A9Blowby Flow Rate Determination Annex A10Safety Hazards Annex A11Sequence IIIG Blueprint Listing Annex A12Fluid Condition Module components Annex A13Engine Build Workshe

30、ets Annex A14Sequence IIIGA Test Procedure Appendix X1D 7320 08a2SectionSequence IIIGVIS Test Procedure Appendix X22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Produ

31、cts by Copper Strip TestD 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Reid Method)D 381 Test Method for G

32、um Content in Fuels by JetEvaporationD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline(Induction Period Method)D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by

33、 Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number ofSpark-Ignition Engine FuelD 2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD 3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD 3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by AtomicAbsorption SpectroscopyD 33

34、38 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com-bustion of Aviation FuelsD 3343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content ofAviation FuelsD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and Lubri

35、cantsD 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD 4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress andApparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low TemperatureD 4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatogra

36、phyD 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (M

37、ini Method)D 5293 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oilsand Base Stocks Between 5 and 35C Using Cold-Cranking SimulatorD 5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spa

38、rk Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA DieselEngineD 6984 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition EngineE29 Pr

39、actice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 191 Specification for Apparatus For Microdeterminationof Carbon and Hydrogen in Organic and Organo-MetallicCompoundsE 608/E 608M Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Base Metal ThermocouplesE

40、 1119 Specification for Industrial Grade Ethylene GlycolIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System32.2 Military Specification:4MIL-PRF-2104, Lubricating Oil, Internal Combustion En-gine, Tactical Service2.3 SAE Standards:5J183, Engine Oil Perf

41、ormance and Engine Service Classifi-cation (Other Than “Energy-Conserving”)J300, Engine Oil Viscosity Classification *HS-23/00J304, Engine Oil Tests2.4 Other ASTM Documents:Guidelines for Calibration6The Lubricant Test Monitoring System, Sequence IIIG TestControl Chart Technique for Developing and A

42、pplyingSeverity Adjustments (SA)73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D 41753.1.2 BTDC (before top dead center), adjthe angularposition of the crankshaft relative to its o posi

43、tion at the pointof uppermost travel of the piston in the cylinder, used with thedegree symbol (). D 41753.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a standard.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AST

44、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Hardcopy available from Document Automation and Production Service,Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. Also, can bed

45、ownloaded from internet address: http:/assist2.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. These standards are not available separately. Ordereither SAE Handbook, Vol. 3, or SAE Fuels and Lubricants Standards Manual,HS-23

46、.6Guidelines for Calibration can be found in the Lubricant Test MonitoringSystem, available from the Test Monitoring Center, http :/www. astmtmc. cmu.edu/7Sequence IIIG Test Control Chart Technique For Developing And ApplyingSeverityAdjustments (SA), available at internet address: ftp:/ftp.astmtmc.c

47、mu.edu/docs/ltms/ltms.pdfD 7320 08a3D 41753.1.4 clogging, nthe restriction of a flow path due to theaccumulation of material along the flow path boundaries.D 41753.1.5 cold-stuck piston ring, nin internal combustionengines, a piston ring that is stuck when the piston and ring areat room temperature,

48、 but inspection shows that it was freeduring engine operation.3.1.5.1 DiscussionA cold-stuck piston ring cannot bemoved with moderate finger pressure. It is characterized by apolished face over its entire circumference, indicating essen-tially no blowby passed over the outside of the ring duringoper

49、ation. D 65933.1.6 correction factor, na mathematical adjustment to atest result to compensate for industry wide shifts in severity.3.1.7 corrosion, nthe chemical or electrochemical reac-tion between a material, usually a metal surface, and itsenvironment that can produce a deterioration of the materialand its properties. D 41753.1.8 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid con-taminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engineor resulting from wear. D 58623.1.9 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts