ASTM D7322 D7322M-2016e1 2353 Standard Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Ability to Encourage Seed Germination and Plant Growth Under Bench-Sca.pdf

1、Designation: D7322/D7322M 161Standard Test Method forDetermination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP)Ability to Encourage Seed Germination and Plant GrowthUnder Bench-Scale Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7322/D7322M; the number immediately following the designa

2、tion indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe designation was editorially correcte

3、d to match the units of measurement statement in October 2016.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers guidelines, requirements, andprocedures for evaluating the effect of Rolled Erosion ControlProducts (RECPs) on seed germination and vegetation en-hancement.1.2 This test method will evaluate the effects

4、 of RECPs onseed germination in a controlled environment.1.3 This test method utilizes bench-scale testing proceduresand shall not be interpreted as indicative of field performance.1.4 This test method is not intended to replace full-scalesimulation or field testing in acquisition of performance val

5、uesthat are required in the design of erosion control measuresutilizing RECPs.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the

6、other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practi

7、ces and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs) for TestingD5268 Specification for

8、 Topsoil Used for Landscaping Pur-posesD6475 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit Area ofErosion Control Blankets (Withdrawn 2015)3D6566 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area ofTurf Reinforcement Mats3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, seeTerminology D653.4

9、. Summary of Test Method4.1 Containers containing soil are sown with seeds and thencovered with an RECP. Additional containers of soil are sownwith seed and left uncovered as controls. The light,temperature, and humidity are maintained and documented.The amount of germination and growth is measured

10、periodi-cally throughout the test, and the mass of vegetation iscalculated at the conclusion of the test.4.2 Each RECP under consideration as well as controlcontainers of uncovered soil undergo testing in a controlledenvironment.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method evaluates the effect of an

11、RECP onseed germination and initial plant growth in a controlledenvironment.5.2 The results of this test can be used to compare RECPsand other erosion control materials to determine which are themost effective at encouraging the growth of vegetation.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM

12、 Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approvedin 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7322 13a. DOI: 10.1520/D7322_D7322M-16E0

13、1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is r

14、eferenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Apparatus6.1 Germination ContainersPlastic pots nominally 20 6 1cm 8 6 0.4 in. inside diameter made from plastic pipe sectioncylinders and having a height of

15、10 6 1cm46 0.4 in. Thepots include a perforated bottom to allow drainage.6.2 Controlled Environmental ChamberPlatform and sur-roundings capable of maintaining a constant temperature of 276 2C 81 6 2F, 45 6 5 % relative humidity, and 9700 61100 lux 900 6 100 ft-candles, with a light source as outline

16、din A1.1.6.3 PhotometerInstrument capable of measuring the illu-mination provided by a fluorescent light source, including boththe visible and ultraviolet (UV) spectrum.6.4 ThermometerCapable of measuring temperature.6.5 HygrometerCapable of measuring relative humidity.7. Test Seeds7.1 The test shou

17、ld be conducted on one seed mix of tallfescue (Pure Live Seed, PLS = 80 6 5 %). Seed shall be storedin a refrigerator.NOTE 1The test seed listed in this test method has been successful forproduct comparison purposes. However, this test may be used withalternative test seeds based on user needs. If t

18、est seeds different from thoselisted in this procedure are used, agreement should be established betweenthe testing laboratory and the user of the test.7.2 Unless otherwise requested, use ASTM topsoil. ASTMtopsoil shall comply with Specification D5268.8. Sampling8.1 Perform RECP material sampling in

19、 accordance withPractice D4354.8.2 The laboratory RECP sample should be 1 m210 ft2.8.3 Cut three specimens from each RECP laboratorysample. The specimen should completely cover the soil in thegermination pots.9. Procedure9.1 Prepare Germination Containers:9.1.1 Prepare three pots for each RECP to be

20、 tested andthree control pots.9.1.2 Place the soil growing medium in each pot. Thegrowing medium shall be topsoil conforming to SpecificationD5268 with an in-place moisture content and unit weightdetermined as follows:9.1.2.1 Condition and place the topsoil in each pot at a moistunit weight of 13.3

21、6 0.8 kN/m385 6 5 pcf and 35 to 40 %moisture content (approximately 60 % saturation).9.1.2.2 Randomly select three 5 by 5 cm 2 by 2 in. squaresfrom each pot. Outline or mark, or both, the selected squares ineach pot. Data will be periodically collected from within thesesquares. Alternatively, the en

22、tire pot can be used for datacollection.9.1.2.3 Sow each pot with 0.50 seeds per cm2500 seeds perft2. This is approximately 176 seeds per pot and 13 seeds perselected square. Distribute the seeds as uniformly as possiblethroughout each pot.9.1.2.4 Press the seeds firmly against the soil surface, and

23、apply a thin veneer of cover soil of no more than 3 mm 0.1 in.thick over the seeds. Compress both the seed and the topsoilusing a 23 kg 50 lb circular mass having a nominal diameterequivalent to the pot inside diameter.9.1.2.5 Add sufficient water to bring the placed and com-pacted topsoil to approx

24、imately 100 % saturation. (Stop assoon as free water is apparent on the surface.)9.1.2.6 Each RECP specimen shall be weighed and mea-sured to determine its mass per unit area in accordance withTest Method D6475 and Test Method D6566. Cover each ofthree pots with an RECP specimen. Three pots will be

25、leftuncovered to be controls. For RECP-covered pots, place theRECP over the pot, and hold firmly in place around theperimeter of the pot.9.1.2.7 Place the pots in the controlled environmental cham-ber conditioned at 27 6 2C 81 6 2F, 45 6 5% relativehumidity, and 9700 6 1100 lux 900 6 100 ft-candles.

26、Photoperiod should be 14 h of light per day. The test willproceed for 21 days.9.2 Test Operation, Maintenance, and Data Collection:9.2.1 Check and record temperature, relative humidity, andlight every day along the length and width of the chamber atlocations determined as follows: divide the entire

27、illuminatedarea in half one way (left to right), then divide into thirds (topto bottom) and measure in the center of each section. Make anynecessary adjustments. (See Fig. 1.)9.2.2 Record the number of germinated seeds and the lengthof the plants within each designated square on days 7, 14, and21.9.

28、2.3 At the 7 and 14 day measurement periods, apply anadditional quantity of water to each test pot equal to 12.5 mm0.5 in. over the area of the pot (410 mL for a 20-cm diameterpot / 14 oz for an 8-in. diameter pot).9.2.4 At the conclusion of the 21 days, each pot is harvestedby cutting the grass at

29、the surface of the soil within eachdesignated 5 cm 2 in. square measurement zone.9.2.5 Dry the harvested seedlings in an oven at 100C212F for 24 h.9.2.6 Make mass determinations for each pot.NOTE 2The test environment used in this test method procedure hasbeen successful for product comparison purpo

30、ses. However, this test maybe used with alternative test environments based on user needs. If testenvironments different from those listed in this procedure are used,agreement should be established between the testing laboratory and theuser of the test method.10. Calculation10.1 Find the total for e

31、ach pot or the mean of thepre-identified squares in each pot of the number of germinatedseeds and the average height of the plants for each measuringperiod. Similarly, determine the biomass after 21 days. Thedata for each pot should be normalized to the sample rollaverage index mass per unit area ba

32、sed on the specimen-specific mass per unit area for the pot.10.2 Average the data from 10.1 for each set of three pots,all prepared in the same manner.D7322/D7322M 161211. Report11.1 At a minimum, report the following information:11.1.1 General information, including test facility location,date and

33、time.11.1.2 Climate and soil pot (including soil weight and waterweight added) details recorded before and during the test.11.1.3 Description of each RECP under consideration.11.1.4 Soil description.11.1.5 Test seed description.11.1.6 Raw data.11.1.7 A table containing the biomass (will only have da

34、tafor the last day), seed germination, and plant height averagesfor each RECP and the control for day of data collection.11.1.8 Any qualitative observations or conclusions aboutthe performance of the RECPs.11.1.9 Photographic documentation of each pot taken atdays 0, 7, 14, and 21. All photographs s

35、hall be taken from thesame angle and distance from each pot.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of the test method is beingdetermined.12.2 BiasThe bias of the test method, if any, is beingdetermined.12.3 ReproducibilityThe reproducibility of the testmethod is being determined.13. Keywo

36、rds13.1 erosion control; germination; RECP; rolled erosioncontrol productNOTE 1* Harvest the seedlings in each sample area by cutting them at the soil surface, drying them in an oven at 100C for 24 h, and weighing them.FIG. 1 Data RecordD7322/D7322M 1613ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. ANNEXA1.1 Stan

37、dard ClimatesA1.1.1 Light RequirementsThe source of light will befrom warm white fluorescent lights producing 900 6 100ft-candles 9700 6 1100 lux at the soil/canopy surface.Typical warm white characteristics for a 48-in. long lampinclude:Light output = 3300 lmColor Temperature = 3000 KColor Renderin

38、g = 85A1.1.1.1 Photoperiod should be 14 h of light per day.A1.1.1.2 Illumination should be monitored weekly with arecording photometer. Adjustments to artificial lighting may benecessary.A1.1.1.3 Intensity should be determined daily with a record-ing photometer. Adjustments to artificial lighting ma

39、y benecessary.A1.1.2 Temperature and HumidityRecord air temperatureand humidity at least daily. Air temperature and relativehumidity should be continuously monitored.Test Condition Temperature HumidityControlled 27 2C approximately 81F 45 5 % RHA1.2 Standard SoilsUnless otherwise requested, use top-

40、soil. Topsoil shall comply with Specification D5268.A1.3 Seed CalibrationA1.3.1 Seed for the germination test shall be stored in arefrigerator.A1.3.2 The seed used in the test shall be subjected to acalibration test simultaneously with the running of the test. Thecalibration test shall involve the s

41、election of 20 seeds from thesame source as those used in the germination test. The 20 seedsare placed on a saturated paper towel, sealed within a plastictransparent container, and exposed to the same temperature/lighting regimen as the germination samples. At 7, 14, and 21days the number of seeds t

42、o germinate shall be noted. At theend of 21 days the percentage of seeds germinated shall beused to interpret the results of the germination test relative toprevious tests. If the seed germination rate from the calibrationtests drops below 80 %, new seed should be obtained.ASTM International takes n

43、o position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own respon

44、sibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed

45、to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the ad

46、dress shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1614