1、Designation: D7345 16D7345 17596/12Standard Test Method forDistillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels atAtmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the distil
3、lation characteristics of petroleum products and liquidfuels having boiling range between 20 C to 400 C at atmospheric pressure using an automatic micro distillation apparatus.1.2 This test method is applicable to such products as; light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels
4、,automotive spark-ignition engine fuels containing up to 20 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, regular and lowsulfur diesel fuels, biodiesel (B100), biodiesel blends up to 20 % biodiesel, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits,kerosines, burner fuels, and marine fuels
5、.1.3 The test method is also applicable to hydrocarbons with a narrow boiling range, like organic solvents or oxygenatedcompounds.1.4 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate products; it is not applicable to products containing appreciablequantities of residual material.1.5 The va
6、lues stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate
7、 safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International S
8、tandards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent edition ofthe standards indicated below,
9、unless otherwise specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules where earlierversions of the method(s) identified may be required.2.2 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure o
10、f Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced PressureD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasolin
11、e and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)3D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products,
12、Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.08 on Volatility.Current edition approved April 1, 2016May 1, 2017. Published June 2016June 2017. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 asD7345 14.D7345 16. DOI: 10.1520/D7345-16.10.152
13、0/D7345-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical sta
14、ndard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM rec
15、ommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
16、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini MethodAtmospheric)D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Ch
17、arting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-ment System PerformanceD6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and LubricantsD6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods th
18、at Purportto Measure the Same Property of a Material2.3 Energy Institute Standards:4IP 69 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of Vapour PressureReid MethodIP 394 Liquid Petroleum ProductsVapour PressurePart 1: Determination of Air Saturated Vapour Pressure (ASVP)2.4 ISO Standards:5Guide 34 General Requi
19、rements for the Competence of Reference Material ProducersGuide 35 Reference MaterialsGeneral and Statistical Principles for Certification3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 automatic apparatus, nmicroprocessor-controlled unit that performs the procedures of automa
20、tically controlling theevaporation of a liquid specimen under specific conditions of this test method, collecting measurement data and converting thisdata by patented algorithm in order to predict distillation results in correlation with industry recognized reference method.3.1.2 corrected temperatu
21、re reading, n temperature readings, as described in 3.1.12, corrected to 101.3 kPa barometricpressure.3.1.3 end point (EP) or final boiling point (FBP), nmaximum corrected temperature readings obtained during the test at theinstant the flask internal pressure returns to the initial pressure level re
22、gistered by automatic apparatus.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThis usually occurs after the evaporation of all liquid from the bottom of the distillation flask. The term maximum temperatureis a frequently used synonym.3.1.4 flask internal pressure, npressure within the distillation flask obtained during the tes
23、t by a differential pressure sensorof automatic apparatus.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe flask internal pressure data recorded during the test is automatically converted to the volume percent recovered or evaporateddata by patented algorithm employed by automatic apparatus.3.1.5 initial boiling point (IBP),
24、ncorrected temperature readings that corresponds to the instant of the flask internal pressurerise registered by automatic apparatus.3.1.6 liquid temperature, ntemperature of the liquid specimen in the distillation flask during the test obtained by a liquidtemperature measuring device of automatic a
25、pparatus.3.1.7 percent evaporated, npercent recovered corrected to a predicted by automatic analyzer evaporation loss percent. Percentevaporated is automatically reported for ASTM 7C thermometer correlation.3.1.8 percent recovered, nvolume percent automatically reported by the analyzer; expressed as
26、 a percentage of the chargevolume, associated with a simultaneous temperature readings. Percent recovered is reported for ASTM 8C thermometercorrelation.3.1.9 percent recovery, npercent recovery predicted by the automatic apparatus and expressed as a percentage of the chargevolume.3.1.10 percent res
27、idue, nvolume of residue in the distillation flask predicted by the automatic apparatus and expressed as apercentage of the charge volume.3.1.11 reference method, nASTM D86 test method or its analogs which is widely used for expression of the distillationcharacteristics of petroleum products in indu
28、stry.4 Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.5 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varemb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.D7345 1723.1.12 temperature read
29、ings, nvapor and liquid temperature has through use of an algorithm of the automatic apparatus beenadjusted to mimic the same temperature lag and emergent stem effects as would be seen when using an ASTM 7C/7F or 8C/8Fliquid-in-glass thermometer to determine the distillation characteristics of the m
30、aterial under test by industry recognized referencemethod.3.1.13 vapor temperature, ntemperature of the vapors in the distillation flask during the test obtained by a vapor temperaturemeasuring device of automatic apparatus.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen of the sample is transferred into th
31、e distillation flask, the distillation flask is placed into position on theautomatic apparatus, and heat is applied to the bottom of the distillation flask.4.2 The automatic apparatus measures and records specimen vapor and liquid temperatures, and pressure in the distillation flaskas the sample gra
32、dually distills under atmospheric pressure conditions. Automatic recordings are made throughout the distillationand the data stored into the apparatus memory.4.3 At the conclusion of the distillation, the collected data is treated by the data processing system, converted to distillationcharacteristi
33、cs and corrected for barometric pressure.4.4 Test results are commonly expressed as percent recovered or evaporated versus corresponding temperature in compliancewith industry recognized standard form and reference method either in a table or graphically, as a plot of the distillation curve.5. Signi
34、ficance and Use5.1 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons and other liquids have an important effect on their safety andperformance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties,and the behavior of the fue
35、l during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixtureto produce potentially explosive vapors.5.2 The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting,warm-up, and tendency to vapor lo
36、ck at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling pointcomponents in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.5.3 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commer
37、cial contract agreements, processrefinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.5.4 This test method can be applied to contaminated products or hydrocarbon mixtures. This is valuable for fast product qualityscreening, refining process monitoring, fuel adulteration control, or
38、other purposes including use as a portable apparatus for fieldtesting.5.5 This test method uses an automatic micro distillation apparatus, provides fast results using small sample volume, andeliminates much of the operator time and subjectivity in comparison to Test Method D86.6. Apparatus6.1 Basic
39、Components of the Automatic Apparatus:66.1.1 The basic components of the micro distillation unit are the distillation flask, a condensate recovery area with waste beaker,an enclosure for the distillation flask with the heat source and flask support, the specimen liquid temperature measuring device,t
40、he specimen vapor temperature measuring device, the distillation flask internal pressure measuring device, the ambient pressuremeasuring device, the control systems for regulating the distillation process, and the data processing system for convertingrecorded information into typical industry recogn
41、ized standard report form.6.2 A detailed description of the apparatus is given in Annex A1.6.3 Barometer for CalibrationA pressure measuring device capable of measuring local station pressure with an accuracy of0.1 kPa (1 mmHg) or better, at the same elevation relative to sea level where the apparat
42、us is located.6.3.1 The barometer is only required for periodic calibration of the external and internal pressure measuring devices.6.3.2 (WarningDo not take readings from ordinary aneroid barometers, such as those used at weather stations and airports,since these are precorrected to give sea level
43、readings.)6.4 Sampling DeviceGlass or plastics syringe capacity 10 mL 6 0.3 mL or constant volume dispenser capacity 10 mL 60.3 mL.6 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is ISL /PAC, B.P. 70285 Verson, 14653 CARPIQUET FRANCE. If you are aware ofalternative s
44、uppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1 which you may attend.D7345 1736.5 Waste BeakerGlass approximately 200 mL capacity, outside diameter approximately 70 mm
45、and height approximately130 mm fitted with a cover to reduce evaporation. The cover design shall allow the beaker to remain open to atmospheric pressure.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Cleaning Solvents, suitable for cleaning and drying the test flask such as; petroleum naphtha and acetone. (WarningFla
46、mmable. Liquid causes eye burns. Vapor harmful. May be fatal or cause blindness if swallowed or inhaled.)7.2 Toluene, 99.5 % purity. (WarningExtremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Skin irritant on repeated contact. Aspirationhazard.)7.3 n-Hexadecane, 99 % purity. (WarningExtremely flammable. Harmf
47、ul if inhaled. Skin irritant on repeated contact.Aspiration hazard.)7.4 Chemicals of at least 99 % purity shall be used in the calibration procedure (see 10.2). Unless otherwise indicated, it isintended that all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the Am
48、erican ChemicalSociety.77.5 Granular Pumice Stones, clean and dry fine grade pumice stones of diameter 0.8 mm to 3.0 mm, approximately 10 grainsare necessary for each test.7.6 Sample Drying AgentAnhydrous sodium sulfate has been found to be suitable.8. Sampling, Storage, and Sample Conditioning8.1 S
49、ampling:8.1.1 The extreme sensitivity of volatility measurements to losses through evaporation and the resulting changes in compositionis such as to require the utmost precaution in the drawing and handling of volatile product samples.8.1.2 Obtain a sample and test specimen in accordance with Practice D4057, D4177, or D5854 when appropriate.At least 50 mLof sample is recommended.8.1.3 Sample shall be free from any suspended solids or other insoluble contaminations. Obtain another sample or remove solidparticle by filtration. During filtratio
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