1、Designation: D7422 10aStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating diesel engine oils for performance charac
3、teristics,including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinderliners in an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation andrunning on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel.2This test method iscommonly referred to as the Mack T-12.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No
4、 other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalent,such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipmentspecifications.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thes
5、afety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 forspecific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1
6、ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip Te
7、stD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D
8、482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Dist
9、illateFuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Produ
10、cts byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digita
11、l Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determinat
12、ion byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and
13、Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D742210. DOI:10.1520/D7422-10A.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update
14、 changes in this test method bymeans of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTMTest Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention:Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all Information Letters throughNo. 10-1.3For referenced A
15、STM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho
16、hocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of the AromaticContent and PolynuclearAromatic Content of Diesel Fuelsand Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chro-matographyD5453 Test Method fo
17、r Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the Scuffing Load Ball
18、-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (SLBOCLE)D6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress andApparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Tempera-tureE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observat
19、ions2.2 National Archives and Records Administration:4Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Part 86.310-793. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that issubmitted by
20、 a source independent from the test facility.D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation.3.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa de
21、vice (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respectto that of a standard.3.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is intended to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR),
22、nthe mixing ofexhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogenoxides (NOx). D41753.1.6 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration, characterized by average speeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.D41753.1.7 heavy-duty engine,
23、 nin internal combustion enginetypes, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at orclose to its peak output.3.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidateoil. D41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not cond
24、ucted inconformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod; such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.D41753.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oil
25、with an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested assludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or combination thereof.3.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis f
26、or comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble re
27、sins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D41753.1.13 standard test, na test on a calibrated test stand,using the prescribed equipment in accordance with the require-ments in the test method, an
28、d conducted in accordance with thespecified operating conditions.3.1.14 test parameter, na specified component, property,or condition of a test procedure.3.1.14.1 DiscussionExamples of components are fuel,lubricant, reagent, cleaner, and sealer; of properties are density,temperature, humidity, press
29、ure, and viscosity; and of condi-tions are flow rate, time, speed, volume, length, and power.D41753.1.15 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.16 wear, nthe loss of material from a surf
30、ace, gener-ally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, andresulting from mechanical or chemical action or a combinationof both. D41754. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E-TECHV-MAC III diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR). A warm-up and a 1
31、 h break-in are followed by atwo-phase test consisting of 100 h at 1800 r/min and 200 h at1200 r/min, both at constant speed and load.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosityincrease and wear metals content.4.3 Rebuild the engine prior to each test. Disassemble,solvent-clean, meas
32、ure, and rebuild, the engine power sectionusing all new pistons, rings, cylinder liners, and connecting rodbearings, in strict accordance with furnished specifications.4.4 Solvent-clean the engine crankcase and replace worn ordefective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories forc
33、ontrolling speed, load, and various engine operating condi-tions.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.D7422 10a25. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to e
34、valuate the wearperformance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooledfour-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR and running onultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. Obtain results from used oilanalysis and component measurements before and after test.5.2 The test method may be used for engine oil speci
35、ficationacceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III,electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unitpumps, using 2002 cylinder heads, P/N 11GBA81025 (AnnexA2). It is an open-chamber, i
36、n-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke,turbocharged, charge air-cooled, and compression ignitionengine. The bore and stroke are (124 by 165) mm, and thedisplacement is 12 L.6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relativelyfree of dirt and other contaminants as required by goodlaboratory standar
37、ds. Filtering air, controlling temperature, andcontrolling humidity in the engine buildup area helps preventaccumulation of dirt and other contaminants on engine partsand aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 Test Engine:6.2.1 Mack T-12 Test EngineThe engine is available fromMack Tr
38、ucks, Inc.Acomplete parts list is shown in TableA2.1.Use test parts on a first-in/first-out basis.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner shown in TableA2.1, every test, to limit scaling in the cooling system.Pressurize the system at the expansion tank to 103 kPa. Use
39、thecoolant described in 7.3.1.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cool-ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,reservoir, and water-out temperature control valve. The systemshall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatureswithin the specified limit. Ins
40、tall a sight glass between theengine and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment anduniform flow in an effort to observe and prevent localizedboiling. Block the thermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external EGR cool-ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchange
41、r,reservoir, and coolant-out temperature control valve. Thesystem shall prevent air entrainment and control jacket tem-peratures within the specified limit. Install a sight glassbetween the EGR coolers and the cooling tower to check for airentrainment and uniform flow in an effort to observe andprev
42、ent localized boiling. The coolant flow direction is to beparallel (concurrent) with the EGR gas flow. Every reasonableattempt should be made to ensure that the EGR temperaturesleaving the coolers are very similar. Fig. A1.3 shows thecoolant flow to and from the EGR coolers, respectively.6.2.3 Auxil
43、iary Oil System:6.2.3.1 To maintain a constant oil level in the pan, providean additional 9.5 L sump by using a separate closed tankconnected to the sump. Circulate oil through the tank with anauxiliary pump. The system schematic is shown in Fig. A1.1.The No. 6 and No. 8 Aeroquip5lines are to have i
44、nsidediameters of 10 mm and 13 mm, respectively. Use a minimumNo. 8 size vent line. Equivalent lines may be substituted forAeroquip5lines provided they have the proper inside diam-eters.6.2.3.2 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on theexhaust side of the oil pan, down from the oil pan rail
45、 127 mm,and back from the front of the pan 178 mm. This location isdirectly above the oil sump temperature thermocouple. Refer toFig. A1.4. Connect the auxiliary oil system return line to thepower steering pump cover on the front timing gear cover.Refer to Fig. A1.5. Connect the auxiliary oil scale
46、vent line tothe top of the auxiliary oil sump bucket and the dipstick tubeopening.6.2.3.3 Viking Pump Model SG053514 shall be used as theauxiliary oil pumps. Pump speed is specified as 1725 r/min.66.2.4 Oil Cooling System:6.2.4.1 Use the oil cooler adapter blocks to mount the oilcooler to the engine
47、. The adapter blocks are available from thesupplier list in A2.7.6.2.4.2 Use the oil filter housing (part number 27GB525M)shown in Fig. A1.8.6.2.5 Blowby MeterUse a meter capable of providing dataat a minimum frequency of 6 min. To prevent blowby conden-sate from draining back into the engine, ensur
48、e the blowby linehas a downward slope to a collection bucket. Ensure thecollection bucket has a minimum volume of 18.9 L. Locate theblowby meter downstream of the collection bucket. The slopeof the blowby line downstream of the collection bucket isunspecified.6.2.6 Air Supply and FiltrationUse the M
49、ack air filterelement and the Mack filter housing shown in A2.3. Replacefilter cartridge when DP of 2.5 kPa is reached. Install anadjustable valve (flapper) in the inlet air system at least 2 pipediameters before any temperature, pressure and humiditymeasurement devices. Use the valve to maintain inlet airrestriction within required specifications.6.2.7 Fuel SupplyHeating, cooling, or both of the fuelsupply may be required, and a recommended system is shownin Fig. A1.2.6.2.8 Intake Manifold Temperature ControlUse stainlesssteel intake manifolds (P/N M10105GC
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