1、Designation: D7422 16Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating diesel engine oils for performance charac
3、teristics,including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinderliners in an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation andrunning on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel.2This test method iscommonly referred to as the Mack T-12.1.1.1 This test method also provides the procedure forrunning an ab
4、breviated length test, which is commonly referredto as the T-12A. The procedures for the T-12 and T-12A areidentical with the exception of the items specifically listed inAnnex A9. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed inAnnex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the T-12procedure.1.2
5、 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalent,such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipmentspecific
6、ations.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Ann
7、ex A6 forspecific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Te
8、st Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic V
9、iscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Produ
10、ctsby Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method
11、for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by Centrifuge1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum
12、 Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7422 15a. DOI:10.1520/D7422-16.2The ASTM Test M
13、onitoring Center will update changes in this test method bymeans of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTMTest Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention:Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all Information Letters throu
14、ghNo. 152.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of
15、 this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density M
16、eterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine OilsD4739 Test Method for Bas
17、e Number Determination byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of the AromaticContent and Poly
18、nuclear Aromatic Content of DieselFuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical FluidChromatographyD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation o
19、f Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evalua-tor (SLBOCLE)D6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress andApparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Tempera-tureE29 Practice for Usin
20、g Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations2.2 National Archives and Records Administration:4Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Part 86.310-793. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference
21、oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that issubmitted by a source independent from the test facility. D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat le
22、aks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation.3.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of adevice (for example, thermometer, manometer, engine) withrespect to that of a standard.3.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics nece
23、ssary to satisfy a specificationand is intended to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing ofexhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogenoxides (NOx). D41753.1.6 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engineoperation, characteri
24、zed by average speeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.D41753.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion enginetypes, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at orclose to its peak output.3.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a r
25、eferenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidateoil. D41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod; such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different eq
26、uipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions. D41753.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested assludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity
27、increase, orcorrosion, or combination thereof.3.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performancecharacteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as
28、seals) that interact withoils. D41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D41753.1.13 standard t
29、est, na test on a calibrated test stand,using the prescribed equipment in accordance with the require-ments in the test method, and conducted in accordance with thespecified operating conditions.3.1.14 test parameter, na specified component, property,or condition of a test procedure.3.1.14.1 Discuss
30、ionExamples of components are fuel,lubricant, reagent, cleaner, and sealer; of properties are density,temperature, humidity, pressure, and viscosity; and of condi-tions are flow rate, time, speed, volume, length, and power.D41753.1.15 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally l
31、ustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.16 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, gener-ally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, andresulting from mechanical or chemical action or a combinationof both. D41754. Summary of Test Method
32、4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E-TECHV-MAC III diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.D7422 162(EGR). A warm-up and a
33、 1 h break-in are followed by atwo-phase test consisting of 100 h at 1800 r/min and 200 h at1200 r/min, both at constant speed and load.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosityincrease and wear metals content.4.3 Rebuild the engine prior to each test. Disassemble,solvent-clean, me
34、asure, and rebuild, the engine power sectionusing all new pistons, rings, cylinder liners, and connecting rodbearings, in strict accordance with furnished specifications.4.4 Solvent-clean the engine crankcase and replace worn ordefective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories fo
35、rcontrolling speed, torque, and various engine operating condi-tions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the wearperformance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooledfour-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR and running onultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. Obtain
36、results from used oilanalysis and component measurements before and after test.5.2 The test method may be used for engine oil specificationacceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III,electronically con
37、trolled fuel injection with six electronic unitpumps, using 2002 cylinder heads, P/N 11GBA81025 (AnnexA2). It is an open-chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke,turbocharged, charge air-cooled, and compression ignitionengine. The bore and stroke are 124 mm by 165 mm, and thedisplacement is 12 L.
38、6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relativelyfree of dirt and other contaminants as required by goodlaboratory standards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, andcontrolling humidity in the engine buildup area helps preventaccumulation of dirt and other contaminants on engine partsa
39、nd aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 Test Engine:6.2.1 Mack T-12 Test EngineThe engine is available fromMack Trucks, Inc.Acomplete parts list is shown in TableA2.1.Use test parts on a first-in/first-out basis.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner
40、 shown in TableA2.1, every test, to limit scaling in the cooling system.Pressurize the system at the expansion tank to 103 kPa. Use thecoolant described in 7.3.1.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cool-ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,reservoir, and water-o
41、ut temperature control valve. The systemshall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatureswithin the specified limit. Install a sight glass between theengine and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment anduniform flow in an effort to observe and prevent localizedboiling. Block the
42、thermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external EGR cool-ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,reservoir, and coolant-out temperature control valve. Thesystem shall prevent air entrainment and control jacket tem-peratures within the specified limit. Install a s
43、ight glassbetween the EGR coolers and the cooling tower to check for airentrainment and uniform flow in an effort to observe andprevent localized boiling. The coolant flow direction is to beparallel (concurrent) with the EGR gas flow. Every reasonableattempt should be made to ensure that the EGR tem
44、peraturesleaving the coolers are very similar. Fig. A1.3 shows thecoolant flow to and from the EGR coolers, respectively.6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil System:6.2.3.1 To maintain a constant oil level in the pan, providean additional 9.5 L sump by using a separate closed tankconnected to the sump. Circulate oil
45、 through the tank with anauxiliary pump. The system schematic is shown in Fig. A1.1.The supply line to the tank from the sump is to have an insidediameter of 13 mm. The return line from the tank to the sumpis to have an inside diameter of 10 mm. Use a vent line with aminimum inside diameter of 13 mm
46、.6.2.3.2 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on theexhaust side of the oil pan, down from the oil pan rail 127 mm,and back from the front of the pan 178 mm. This location isdirectly above the oil sump temperature thermocouple. Refer toFig. A1.4. Connect the auxiliary oil system return line
47、to thepower steering pump cover on the front timing gear cover.Refer to Fig. A1.5. Connect the auxiliary oil scale vent line tothe top of the auxiliary oil sump bucket and the dipstick tubeopening.6.2.3.3 Use Viking Pump Model SG053514 as the auxiliaryoil pumps. Pump speed is specified as 1725 r/min
48、.56.2.4 Oil Cooling System:6.2.4.1 Use the oil cooler adapter blocks to mount the oilcooler to the engine. The adapter blocks are available from thesupplier list in A2.7.6.2.4.2 Use the oil filter housing (part number 27GB525M)shown in Fig. A1.8.6.2.5 Blowby MeterUse a meter capable of providing dat
49、aat a minimum frequency of 6 min. To prevent blowby conden-sate from draining back into the engine, ensure the blowby linehas a downward slope to a collection bucket. Ensure thecollection bucket has a minimum volume of 18.9 L. Locate theblowby meter downstream of the collection bucket. The slopeof the blowby line downstream of the collection bucket isunspecified.6.2.6 Air Supply and FiltrationUse the Mack air filterelement and the Mack filter housing shown in A2.3. Replacefilter cartridge when P of 2.5 kPa is reached. Install anadjustable valve (flapper) in
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