1、Designation: D7422 16aD7422 17Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performa
3、nce characteristics, includinglead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinder liners in an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and running onultra-low sulfur diesel fuel.2 This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-12.1.1.1 This test method also provides the procedure for
4、 running an abbreviated length test, which is commonly referred to as theT-12A. The procedures for the T-12 and T-12A are identical with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A9.Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the T
5、-12 procedure.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalent, such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters,tubing size, and single source suppl
6、y equipment specifications.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations pri
7、or to use. See Annex A6 for specific safety precautions.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
8、by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD97 Test Method fo
9、r Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydromet
10、er Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Tes
11、t Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate FuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fu
12、el Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Cur
13、rent edition approved Oct. 1, 2016May 1, 2017. Published October 2016May 2017. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2016 asD7422 16.D7422 16a. DOI: 10.1520/D7422-16A.10.1520/D7422-17.2 The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Infor
14、mation Letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM TestMonitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No.161.16-2.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, ww
15、w.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of wh
16、at changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered th
17、e official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectr
18、ometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petrole
19、um Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometri
20、c Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of theAromatic Content and PolynuclearAromatic Content of Diesel Fuel
21、s andAviationTurbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid ChromatographyD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Eng
22、ineD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(SLBOCLE)D6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low TemperatureE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to D
23、etermine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations2.2 National Archives and Records Administration:4Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Part 86.310-793. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity of which is unknown
24、 by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that is submitted by a source independent from the test facility. D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that portion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixture thatleaks past piston rings into the engin
25、e crankcase during operation.3.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a device (for example, thermometer, manometer, engine) withrespect to that of a standard.3.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
26、andis intended to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing of exhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides(NOx). D41753.1.6 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power ou
27、tput and internaltemperatures that are close to the potential maximums. D41753.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion engine types, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or closeto its peak output.3.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil; such as a resea
28、rch formulation, commercial oil or candidate oil.D41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted in conformance with the requirements in the standard test method; suchas running on an uncalibrated test stand, using different test equipment, applying different equipment assembly procedure
29、s, or usingmodified operating conditions. D41753.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oil with an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested as sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or corrosion,or
30、combination thereof.3.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.4 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.D7422 1723.1.11.
31、1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (suchas seals) that interact with oils. D41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit, principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation
32、 productsfrom fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drain from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.13 standard test, na test on a calibrated test stand, using the prescribed equipment in accordance with the requirementsin the test method, and conducted in acco
33、rdance with the specified operating conditions.3.1.14 test parameter, na specified component, property, or condition of a test procedure.3.1.14.1 DiscussionExamples of components are fuel, lubricant, reagent, cleaner, and sealer; of properties are density, temperature, humidity, pressure,and viscosi
34、ty; and of conditions are flow rate, time, speed, volume, length, and power. D41753.1.15 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard, dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solvents butnot by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.16 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, generally
35、occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and resultingfrom mechanical or chemical action or a combination of both. D41754. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). Awarm-up and a 1 h break-in ar
36、e followed by a two-phase test consisting of 100 h at 1800 r/min and 200 h at 1200 r/min, both atconstant speed and load.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosity increase and wear metals content.4.3 Rebuild the engine prior to each test. Disassemble, solvent-clean, measure, and re
37、build, the engine power section using allnew pistons, rings, cylinder liners, and connecting rod bearings, in strict accordance with furnished specifications.4.4 Solvent-clean the engine crankcase and replace worn or defective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories for controlli
38、ng speed, torque, and various engine operating conditions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the wear performance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cyclediesel engines equipped with EGR and running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. Obtain results f
39、rom used oil analysis and componentmeasurements before and after test.5.2 The test method may be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III, electronically controlled
40、 fuel injection with six electronic unit pumps,using 2002 cylinder heads, P/N 11GBA81025 (Annex A2). It is an open-chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged,charge air-cooled, and compression ignition engine. The bore and stroke are 124 mm by 165 mm, and the displacement is 12 L.6.1.
41、2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relatively free of dirt and other contaminants as required by good laboratorystandards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, and controlling humidity in the engine buildup area helps prevent accumulationof dirt and other contaminants on engine parts an
42、d aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 Test Engine:6.2.1 Mack T-12 Test EngineThe engine is available from Mack Trucks, Inc.Acomplete parts list is shown in TableA2.1. Usetest parts on a first-in/first-out basis.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner
43、 shown in Table A2.1, every test, to limit scaling in the cooling system. Pressurizethe system at the expansion tank to 103 kPa. Use the coolant described in 7.3.1.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cooling system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger, reservoir,and water-
44、out temperature control valve. The system shall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatures within thespecified limit. Install a sight glass between the engine and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment and uniform flow in aneffort to observe and prevent localized boiling. Block
45、the thermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external EGR cooling system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger, reservoir,and coolant-out temperature control valve. The system shall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatures within theD7422 173specified limit.
46、Install a sight glass between the EGR coolers and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment and uniform flowin an effort to observe and prevent localized boiling. The coolant flow direction is to be parallel (concurrent) with the EGR gasflow. Every reasonable attempt should be made to ensure th
47、at the EGR temperatures leaving the coolers are very similar. Fig.A1.3shows the coolant flow to and from the EGR coolers, respectively.6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil System:6.2.3.1 To maintain a constant oil level in the pan, provide an additional 9.5 L sump by using a separate closed tank connectedto the sump
48、. Circulate oil through the tank with an auxiliary pump. The system schematic is shown in Fig. A1.1. The supply lineto the tank from the sump is to have an inside diameter of 13 mm. The return line from the tank to the sump is to have an insidediameter of 10 mm. Use a vent line with a minimum inside
49、 diameter of 13 mm.6.2.3.2 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on the exhaust side of the oil pan, down from the oil pan rail 127 mm, andback from the front of the pan 178 mm. This location is directly above the oil sump temperature thermocouple. Refer to Fig.A1.4.Connect the auxiliary oil system return line to the power steering pump cover on the front timing gear cover. Refer to Fig. A1.5.Connect the auxiliary oil scale vent line to the top of the auxiliary oil sump bucket and the dipstick tube opening.6.2.3.3 Use Viking Pump Model SG053514 as
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