1、Designation: D 7443 09Standard Practice forMinimum Geospatial Data for Underground Coal MiningExtents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the minimum elements for theaccurate location and description of data for defining under-ground coal mini
3、ng extents.1.1.1 This practice addresses coal mining geospatial datarelative to the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of1977 (SMCRA).2This geospatial data shall be obtained fromeach state, tribal, or federal (or combinations thereof) coalmining regulatory authority (RA) authorized under SMC
4、RA toregulate the surface effects of underground coal mining opera-tions (UCMO).1.1.2 As used in this practice, underground coal miningextents represent an area where coal removal has occurredwithin a defined UCMO.1.2 This practice applies to pre-SMCRA and post-SMCRAunderground coal mining extents.1
5、.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro
6、-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professi
7、onal judgment. Not all aspects of this practice maybe applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideration ofa proj
8、ects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 5254 Practice for Minimum Set of Data
9、Elements toIdentify a Ground-Water SiteD 5911 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements toIdentify a Soil Sampling SiteD 7384 Practice for Minimum Geospatial Data for a CoalSurface Mining Permit Boundary2.2 ANSI Standards:4ANSI INCITS 61-1986 (R2002) Geographic Point Loca-tions for Information Inter
10、change, Representation of (for-merly ANSI X3.61-1986 (R1997)ANSI INCITS 320-1998 (R2003) Information technology-Spatial Data Transfer2.3 Federal Geographic Data Committee Standards:5FGDC-STD-001 Content Standard for Digital GeospatialMetadataProject 1574D Information TechnologyPart 5 Govern-mental u
11、nit and other geographic area boundaries2.4 Code of Federal Regulations:630 CFR Part 700 et seq.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Except as listed or noted below, all defini-tions are in accordance with Terminology D 653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: (theterms defined here are con
12、sistent with those defined in 30 CFRPart 700 et seq. though not verbatim.)3.2.1 active UCMOa UCMO that has ongoing under-ground coal production, reclamation activities, or both.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
13、ttee D18.01 on Surface andSubsurface Characterization.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 7443 08.2Public Law 95-87, the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977(SMCRA), passed August 3, 1977,
14、 as amended.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Insti
15、tute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from Federal Geographic Data Committee, 590 National Center,Reston, VA 20192, http:/www.fgdc.gov.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE
16、, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.2 attributea defined characteristic of a feature type(an attribute
17、 example would be mine status active).3.2.3 attribute valuea specific quality or quantity as-signed to an attribute for a specific feature instance.3.2.4 contactjurisdictional regulatory authority respon-sible for issuance and compliance of a coal-mining permit.3.2.5 data statusdate when state and t
18、ribal data, or fea-ture, was edited in national UCMO permit data set.3.2.6 domaina finite list (or range) of permissible valuesfor a specified attribute. Included are tables of: units ofmeasure, types, styles, status, names, methods, materials,dispositions, sources, dimensions, data, classes, etc. (
19、for ex-ample, active, inactive, NA).3.2.7 feature classa logical group of related feature types(for example, grouping of water system components featuretypes such as water hydrant, water line, water pump, waterreservoir, water tank, etc. into a water system feature class).3.2.8 feature instancereal-
20、world spatial phenomenonabout data that is collected, maintained, and disseminated.Feature instances are the geospatial objects that are graphicallydelineated in a spatial database.3.2.9 feature typedefinition and description of a set (classof real world phenomena) into which similar feature instanc
21、esare classified (for example, water reservoir).3.2.10 g-ringa ring created from strings, arcs, or both.3.2.11 g-polygonan area consisting of an interior area,one outer g-ring and zero or more non-intersecting, non-nestedinner g-rings. No ring, inner or outer, must be collinear orintersect any other
22、 ring of the same g-polygon.3.2.12 inactive UCMOa UCMO that has no coal extrac-tion or reclamation activity taking place.3.2.13 national IDpermit ID assigned to UCMO by RA,prefixed with state or tribal abbreviation.3.2.14 National Mine Map Repositorythe National MineMap Repository (NMMR), is part of
23、 the United States Depart-ment of the Interior (DOI), Office of Surface Mining Recla-mation and Enforcement (OSMRE). It is the central locationwhere OSMRE collects, archives and maintains over 134 000abandoned (coal and non-coal) mine map images and informa-tion on microfilm and in their database fo
24、r the United States.This information is available to the public.NOTE 1Images are archived on microfilm or in electronic format atthe repository, but the actual maps are returned to their owners.3.2.15 line segmenta direct line between two points.3.2.16 permitwritten authorization to conduct coal min
25、-ing and reclamation operations issued by a RA to a permittee.3.2.17 permit areathe area of land, indicated on the latestmap approved by the RA, upon which the permittee mayconduct coal mining and reclamation operations.3.2.18 permit boundarythe border of potential coal min-ing operations indicated
26、on the latest map approved by the RA.3.2.19 permit IDunique identifier assigned by the RA foradministrative purposes.3.2.20 permit statusto distinguish between active andinactive UCMO.3.2.21 permitteean entity to whom a permit has beenissued by a RA to conduct underground coal mining andreclamation
27、operations.3.2.22 pointa zero-dimensional geometric object thatspecifies geographic location.3.2.23 polygona two-dimensional closed geometric shapethat specifies a geographic area.3.2.24 reclamationactions taken to restore mined land tothe post-mining land use approved by the RA.3.2.25 regulatory au
28、thorityentity with exclusive jurisdic-tion over the regulation of coal mining and reclamationoperations under a program approved by the Secretary of theU.S. Department of the Interior.3.2.26 underground coal mining extentsundergroundmining areas where coal extraction has occurred; the perimeterof mi
29、ne workings or coal extraction areas in an UCMO.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 CFRCode of Federal Regulations3.3.2 FGDCFederal Geodetic Data Committee3.3.3 GISGeographic information system3.3.4 NADNorth American Datum3.3.5 MSHAMine Safety and Health Administration3.3.6 NMDSNational Map Data Steward (OSMRE desig
30、-nated liaison with the RA)3.3.7 NMMRNational Mine Map Repository3.3.8 OSMREOffice of Surface Mining Reclamation andEnforcement, U.S. Department of the Interior3.3.9 RARegulatory Authority3.3.10 SIInternational system of units3.3.11 SMRCASurface Mining Control and ReclamationAct of 1977, as amended3
31、.3.12 UCMOUnderground Coal Mining Operations(s)4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice addresses underground coal mining extentgeospatial data relative to the Surface Mining Control andReclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) and 30 CFR Part 700 etseq. This practice is significant to the coal mining communi
32、tybecause it provides for uniformity of geospatial data pertainingto underground coal mine extents for mines located throughoutthe United States. These standards will help ensure uniformityof data contributed by each RA and assist organizations infuture efforts to create and utilize geospatial data
33、relative tounderground coal mining extents in the United States. The firststandard developed is Practice D 7384, Practice for MinimumGeospatial Data for a Coal Surface Mining Permit Boundary.4.2 Underground mine geospatial data shall be obtainedfrom State and Federal regulatory authorities for under
34、groundmining extents. The coal mining community encompasses allentities directly and indirectly affected by coal mining activi-ties, including industry, environmental groups and the govern-ment at all levels within the United States. Use of this standardwill help create consistent maps and increase
35、awareness ofunderground mining extents throughout the United States. Thisstandard creates well organized and easily accessible under-ground coal mining extents data, and it will lead to bettercommunication between the RAs and federal offices, thepublic, industry and environmental groups.4.3 As used
36、in this practice, the geospatial data represents anarea where coal removal occurred within a defined UCMO. Anunderground mine extent is defined as a polygon or polygons.A lack of data from any RA will create a gap in the nationalD7443092underground mining extents geospatial data set. This nationalco
37、al mining data set consists of underground coal miningextents data from each RA, which will show the locations ofunderground coal mines throughout the United States. Cur-rently, each coal producing state organizes their data in adifferent method, and their own naming conventions andterminology. By e
38、stablishing national geospatial data stan-dards, guidance is provided to RA coal mining programs thatdo not have any geospatial data standards of their own. Thispractice creates an easier and more efficient way to utilize andshare underground mining extent geospatial data between RAsand the coal min
39、ing community.4.4 If there is a lack of uniform practices among RAs,certain attributes of the underground coal mining extents datamay not be present in some RAss geospatial data. If this is thecase, the finished data set for underground coal mining extentswill appear to be incomplete for certain sta
40、tes, but in reality,some underground coal mining extents geospatial data will notbe collected for those states, since it may not be applicable tothem.4.5 This standard conforms to the definition of a DataContent Standard as promulgated by the U.S. Federal Geo-graphic Data Committee (FGDC). Terminolo
41、gy and definitionsfor identifying geographical features and describing the datamodel have been adopted from the FGDC Spatial DataTransfer Standard and the FGDC Framework Data ContentStandard (FGDC Project 1574D) Information TechnologyPart 5 Governmental unit and other geographic area bound-aries.4.6
42、 Although this standard is written specifically for theunderground coal mining industry, its general purpose andcontent may be applicable to other underground mining ex-tents.5. Procedure5.1 IntroductionThe list of underground coal mining ex-tents individual location characteristics (also known as a
43、t-tributes) represent the minimum data elements necessary todevelop and maintain a nationwide geospatial data set depict-ing underground coal mining extents. The data set may serve asa layer in The National Map (http:/nationalmap.gov), anonline, interactive map service sponsored by a consortium ofUS
44、 Federal, State, and local partners and hosted by the U.S.Geological Survey (USGS). The National Map provides aconsistent framework for high-quality, geospatial data andinformation from multiple partners to enhance Americasability to access, integrate, and apply current, accurate, andnationally cons
45、istent digital data at global, national, and localscales.5.2 Coordinates and Related DataCoordinates and re-lated geospatial data allow underground coal mining extents tobe accurately positioned on the earths surface in a variety ofrecognized datums, grid systems, and geographic projections.The unde
46、rground coal mining extents are compiled fromvarious SMCRA state and tribal data resources that utilizedifferent datums and coordinate and projection systems. Alldata will have identified datums and coordinate and projectionsystems with associated precision or accuracy (or both) valuesand will be re
47、-projected to match the spatial reference param-eters utilized in The National Map. The NorthAmerican Datumof 1983 (NAD 83) should be used as the datum. ANSI INCITS61-1986 (R2002) contains additional guidance on representa-tion of coordinates.5.3 OSMRE will coordinate with the National Map DataStewa
48、rd (NMDS) to make available a service containing accessto a national data set of underground coal mining extents. Thisnational data set will have the minimum attributes specified inTable 1. Extraneous attributes or fields will be removed. TheNMDS will perform a format check to determine if thesubmit
49、tal meets the standard. The NMDS also will conduct atechnical review of the data to assess the accuracy andcharacteristics of the data files.5.3.1 X-CoordinateUniversally longitude, however, mostcoordinate systems are convertible to longitude (See PracticesD 5254 and D 5911).5.3.2 Y-CoordinateUniversally latitude, however, mostcoordinate systems are convertible to latitude (See PracticesD 5254 and D 5911).5.3.3 Size MeasurementsDistance in feet or meters, orland area in acres or hectares, derived from the X and Ycoordinate pos
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