1、Designation: D7465/D7465M 151Standard Specification forEthylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Sheet Used InGeomembrane Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7465/D7465M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTESection 9 was editorially corrected in July 2015.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexibl
3、e sheet made fromethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) geomembraneintended for use in geotechnical and geoenvironmental appli-cations. The tests and property limits used to characterize thesheet are values to ensure minimum quality for the intendeduse. The vulcanized rubber sheet may be non-rei
4、nforced, fabricor scrim reinforced.1.2 In place geomembrane design criteria, such as fieldseaming strength, and material compatibility, among others,are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope ofthis specification.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be
5、 regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6、safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D412 Test Methods for Vulcan
7、ized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD518 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceCracking (Withdrawn 2007)3D573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul-canized Rubber a
8、nd Thermoplastic ElastomersD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCracking inan Ozone Controlled EnvironmentD1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperatureD1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber La
9、ticesNomenclatureD2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittleness Pointof Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4833/D4833M Test Method for Index Puncture Resistanceof Geomembranes and Related ProductsD5884 Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength ofInternally
10、Reinforced GeomembranesD7004/D7004M Test Method for Grab Tensile Properties ofReinforced GeomembranesD7635/D7635M Test Method for Measurement of Thicknessof Coatings Over Fabric ReinforcementG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Source
11、sG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of other geosynthetic terms used in thisguide, refer to Terminology D4439.3.1.2 composite, nfactory laminated non-woven geotex-tile and EPDM.3.1.3 EPDM, nte
12、rpolymer of ethylene, propylene, anddiene with the residual unsaturated portion of the diene in theside chain. D14181This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved Ma
13、y 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D746508. DOI:10.1520/D7465_D7465M-15E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volu
14、me information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Classification4.1 T
15、ypes describe the sheet construction:4.1.1 Type INon-reinforced.4.1.2 Type IIScrim (or fabric) internally reinforced.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The sheet shall be formulated from EPDM polymers andother compounding ingredients. EPDM shall be the principalpolymer used in the sheet and shall be gr
16、eater than 95 % of thetotal polymer content.5.2 To make seams and repairs, the sheet shall be capable ofbeing bonded watertight to itself and the supplier or fabricatorshall recommend suitable methods.6. Physical Properties and Requirements6.1 The sheet shall conform to the physical requirementspres
17、cribed in Table 1.6.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering,and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period; whichever isgreater, unless otherwise specified.6.3 Tolerances for temperature shall be 62C 64F.7. Dimensions7.1 The width and length of the sheet shall be agreed uponbetween th
18、e purchaser and the supplier.7.1.1 The width and length tolerance shall be +3 %, -0 %.TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for EPDM SheetProperty ASTM Nominal SheetThicknessType I Type IIThickness, min, mm in.:Sheet-overall D412 1.14 0.0451.52 0.060D751 1.14 0.0451.52 0.060Coating over scrim or fabric D763
19、5/D7635M 1.14 0.0451.52 0.060. 0.38 0.0150.59 0.022Breaking Strength, min, N lbf D7004/D7004M Grab Method 1.14 0.0451.52 0.060. 400 90400 90Tensile strength, min, MPa psi D412 Die C 1.14 0.0451.52 0.0609.0 13059.0 1305.Puncture Resistance N lbs Min. D4833/D4833M 1.14 0.0451.52 0.060133 30178 40270 6
20、0350 80Elongation, ultimate, min % D412 Die C 1.14 0.0451.52 0.060300300250A250AElongation fabric break, ultimate, min, %D7004/D7004M, Grab Method,50 mm 2 in. per minutejaw separation rateMachine direction 1.14 0.0451.52 0.0601515Cross direction 1.14 0.0451.52 0.0601515Tensile set, max D412 Method A
21、, Die C 1.14 0.0451.52 0.0601010.Tear resistance, min, kN/m lbf/in. D624 Die C 1.14 0.0451.52 0.06026.27 15040.28 230.Tearing strength, min, N lbf D5884 1.14 0.0451.52 0.060. 580 130750 170Brittleness point, max C F D2137 1.14 0.0451.52 0.06045 4945 4945 4945 49Ozone resistance, no cracks D1149 1.14
22、 0.0451.52 0.060passpasspasspassHeat Aging: D573Breaking strength, min, N lbf D7004/D7004M 1.14 0.0451.52 0.060356 80888 200Tensile strength, min, MPa psi D412 Method A, Die C 1.14 0.0451.52 0.0608.3 12058.3 1205.Elongation, ultimate, min, % D412 Die C 1.14 0.0451.52 0.060200200200A200ATear resistan
23、ce, min, kN/m lbf/in. D624 Die C 1.14 0.0451.52 0.06021.9 12537.3 213.Linear dimensional change, max, % D1204 1.14 0.0451.52 0.0601111Water absorption, max, mass, % D471 1.14 0.0451.52 0.0608, 28, 28, 2A8, 2ALaboratory Accelerated Weathering: G151 and G155Visual Inspection D518 1.14 0.0451.52 0.060N
24、o cracksNo cracksNo cracksNo cracksPRFSE, min, % 1.14 0.0451.52 0.0603030.Elongation, ultimate, min, % 1.14 0.0451.52 0.060200200.ASpecimens to be prepared from coating rubber compound, vulcanized in a similar method to the reinforced products.D7465/D7465M 15127.2 The thickness tolerance shall be +1
25、5 %, -10 % of thethickness agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier, butin no case shall the thickness be less than the minimum listedin Table 1.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 The sheet, including the full width of factory seams ifpresent, shall be fully adhered, watertight, and vis
26、ibly free ofpinholes, particles of foreign matter, undispersed raw materialor other manufacturing defects that might affect serviceability.If the number of irregularities in the form of pockmarks (seeNote 1) appear excessive on the sheet (or portion thereof), thenits rejection shall be negotiated be
27、tween involved parties.NOTE 1Pockmarks are oblong depressions, cavities or craters on thesurface of the sheet that have an approximate surface dimension of 3.2 by1.6 mm 1/8 by116 in., and have a maximum depth approaching one halfof the sheet thickness.8.2 Edges of the sheets shall be straight and fl
28、at so that theymay be seamed to one another without fishmouthing.9. Test Methods9.1 DimensionsTest Methods D751, after permitting thesheet to relax at 23 6 2C 73.4 6 4F for 1 h 6 15 min.9.2 Thickness, Sheet OverallFrom across the full width ofthe unbuffed sheet, take three samples, 300 by 300 mm 1 b
29、y1 ft. Measure the thickness of each corner. Refer to TestMethods D412 for Type I sheet and Test Methods D751 forType II sheet.9.3 Thickness of Coating Over Scrim (ReinforcingFabric)Optical Methodsee Annex A1.9.4 Breaking StrengthTest Methods D751, Grab Method.9.5 Tensile StrengthTest Methods D412,
30、Die C.9.6 Puncture ResistanceTest Method D4833/D4833M.9.7 Elongation, UltimateTest Methods D412, Die C.9.8 Elongation at Fabric Break, UltimateTest MethodsD751, Grab Method, 50 mm 2 in. per minute jaw separationrate.9.9 Tensile SetTest Methods D412, Method A, Die C, 50% elongation.9.10 Tear Resistan
31、ceTest Method D624, Die C.9.11 Tearing StrengthTest Methods D751, B-Tongue Tear.9.12 Brittleness PointTest Methods D2137.9.13 Ozone ResistanceTest Methods D1149, TerminologyD4439. Inspect at 7 magnification on specimens exposed to100 mPa 1 105psi ozone in air at 40 6 2C 104 6 4F.Elongate Type I spec
32、imens 50 % for 166 6 1.66 h exposure.And Type II specimens must be wrapped around a 75 mm 3in. diameter mandrel for 166 6 1.66 h exposure. The requiredspecimen width is 25 mm 1 in.9.14 Heat AgingTest Method D573. Age sheet at 116 62C 240 6 4F for 670 6 6.7 h. Specimens are then cut fromthe aged shee
33、t for testing of breaking strength, tensile strength,elongation and tear resistance.9.15 Linear Dimensional ChangeTest Method D1204.9.16 Water AbsorptionTest Method D471,at706 2C158 6 4F for 166 6 1.66 h.9.17 Laboratory Accelerated WeatheringAcceleratedweathering tests shall be performed in accordan
34、ce with Prac-tices G151 and G155. These tests are performed on the intactsheet with the weathering side facing the lamps. Mountspecimens for exposure under no strain. After exposure thespecimens shall be removed and inspected immediately forcracks and crazing at 10 % strain in the bent loop configur
35、ationin accordance with Test Method D518 under 7 magnifica-tions. A specimen is rated “pass” if no cracks or crazing areobserved. In addition, for Type I sheet, determine tensilestrength and ultimate elongation after exposure to laboratoryaccelerated weathering. Calculate the specimen percent re-tai
36、ned fractional strain energy (PRFSE):PRFSE 5Tensile Strength 3 Elongation! agedTensile Strength 3 Elongation! original31009.18 Tbe Xenon-Arc exposure devices shall be operated inaccordance with Practices G151 and G155 and the followingcondtions:Filter type: Daylight FilterIrradiance: 0.35 to 0.70 W/
37、(m2. nm) at 340 nm:0.02 W/(m2. nm) maximum allowed fluctuation(42to84W/m2at 300 to 400 nm:2 W/m2maximum allowed fluctuation)Cycle: 690 min 15 min light, 30 min light plus watersprayUninsulated black paneltemp:80 2.5C maximum allowed fluctuation176 4F maximum allowed fluctuationChamber air temperatur
38、e(if controlled)50 2C maximum allowed fluctuationRelative humidity: 50 %; 10 % maximum allowed fluctuationSpray water: Deionized: refer to Practice G155, Section 6.6.1for temperature of the waterSpecimen repositioning(if required):Every 315 kJ (m2.nm) at 340 nm(37.8 MJ/m2at 300 to 400 nm)Exposure du
39、ration: 5040 kJ (m2.nm) at 340 nm(604.8 MJ/m2at 300 to 400 nm).10. Inspection and Special Testing10.1 The manufacturer shall inspect and test production toensure compliance of the product with this specification.11. Rejection and Resubmittal11.1 Failure to conform to any one of the requirementspresc
40、ribed in this specification shall constitute grounds forrejection. Rejection shall be reported to the producer orsupplier promptly and in writing. The seller shall have the rightto reinspect the rejected shipment and resubmit the lot afterremoval of those packages not conforming to the specifiedrequ
41、irements.12. Product Marking12.1 The sheet shall be identified on the side intended to beexposed to the weather with this ASTM designation numberand ASTM type, the name of the manufacturer or supplier, orthe generic sheet type. The type and size of the identification isat the manufacturers option. T
42、he identification shall be appliedin such a manner as to be legible at least five years frominstallation. Identification shall not be required when so speci-fied by the purchaser.D7465/D7465M 151313. Packaging and Package Marking13.1 The material shall be rolled on a substantial core andpackaged in
43、a standard commercial manner, unless otherwisespecified in the contract or order.13.2 Shipping containers shall be marked with the name ofthe material, the stock and lot numbers, the ASTM designationnumber and type, the size and quantity as defined by thecontract or order under which shipment is mad
44、e and the nameof the manufacturer or supplier.14. Keywords14.1 EPDM; geomembrane; rubber sheet; vulcanized rubberANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. OPTICAL METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS OF COATING OVER SCRIM (REINFORCING FABRIC)FOR TYPE II SHEETA1.1 ScopeThis is a method for measuring the thickne
45、ssof the coating over the reinforcing fabric.A1.2 Measurement Method PrincipleThe thickness ofcoating material over reinforcing fabric can be observed with astandard reflectance microscope. Measurement is made with acalibrated eyepiece.A1.3 Apparatus:A1.3.1 Microscope, 60 with reticle.A1.3.2 Light S
46、ourceIf light source on the microscope isnot adequate, a small tensor lamp can also be used.A1.3.3 Stage Micrometer, 0.0254-mm 0.001-in. divisions.A1.4 Procedure:A1.4.1 Calibration:A1.4.1.1 Place a standard reflectance stage micrometer inplace of the specimen.A1.4.1.2 Turn on microscope light source
47、.A1.4.1.3 Position the reticle eyepiece and the micrometersuch that the scales are superimposed. Focus the reticle byturning the eyepiece. Focus the specimen and reticle by turningthe vertical adjustment knob.A1.4.1.4 Locate a point at which both scales line up. Countthe number of micrometer divisio
48、ns away. Measure to thenearest 0.0125 mm 0.5 mil. The calibration may be optimizedin increasing the number of divisions measured.A1.4.1.5 Repeat the calibration three times and average theresults.A1.4.2 Specimen Analysis:A1.4.2.1 Carefully center a sharp single edge razor orequivalent over the fiber intersections along thexxline.A1.4.2.2 Make a clean bias cut completely through the liner.A1.4.2.3 Remove the razor cut section and mount in com-mon putty with the cut surface facing upward.A1.4.2.4 Observe the cut surface with the eyepiece reticle.Measure the thickness of the coating on either si
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