1、Designation: D 7465 08Standard Specification forEthylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Sheet Used InGeomembrane Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made fromethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) geomemb
3、raneintended for use in geotechnical and geoenvironmental appli-cations. The tests and property limits used to characterize thesheet are values to ensure minimum quality for the intendeduse. The vulcanized rubber sheet may be non-reinforced, fabricor scrim reinforced1.2 In place geomembrane design c
4、riteria, such as fieldseaming strength, and material compatibility, among others,are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope ofthis specification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values stated in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This st
5、andard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1
6、 ASTM Standards:2D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 518 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceCracking3D 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of
7、ConventionalVulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersD 751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD 1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCrackingin an Ozone Controlled EnvironmentD 1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperatureD 141
8、8 Practice for Rubber and Rubber LaticesNomenclatureD 2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittlenessPoint of Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD 4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD 4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance ofGeomembranes and Related ProductsD 7004 Test Method for Grab Tensi
9、le Properties of Rein-forced GeomembranesG 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatusfor Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of
10、other geosynthetic terms used in thisguide, refer to Terminology D 4439.3.1.2 EPDM, nterpolymer of ethylene, propylene, anddiene with the residual unsaturated portion of the diene in theside chain. D 14183.1.3 composite, nfactory laminated non-woven geotex-tile and EPDM.4. Classification4.1 Types de
11、scribe the sheet construction:4.1.1 Type INon-reinforced.4.1.2 Type IIScrim (or fabric) internally reinforced.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The sheet shall be formulated from EPDM polymers andother compounding ingredients. EPDM shall be the principalpolymer used in the sheet and shall be greater t
12、han 95 % of thetotal polymer content.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published October 2008.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AS
13、TM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright
14、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 To make seams and repairs, the sheet shall be capable ofbeing bonded watertight to itself and the supplier or fabricatorshall recommend suitable methods.6. Physical Properties and Requirement
15、s6.1 The sheet shall conform to the physical requirementsprescribed in Table 1.6.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering,and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period; whichever isgreater, unless otherwise specified.6.3 Tolerances for temperature shall be 62C(64 F).7. Dimensions7.1 T
16、he width and length of the sheet shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier.7.1.1 The width and length tolerance shall be +3 %, -0 %.7.2 The thickness tolerance shall be +15 %, -10 % of thethickness agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier, butin no case shall the thickness be
17、less than the minimum listedin Table 1.8. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance8.1 The sheet, including the full width of factory seams ifpresent, shall be fully adhered, watertight, and visibly free ofpinholes, particles of foreign matter, undispersed raw materialor other manufacturing defects that mi
18、ght affect serviceability.If the number of irregularities in the form of pockmarks (seeNote 1) appear excessive on the sheet (or portion thereof), thenits rejection shall be negotiated between involved parties.8.2 Edges of the sheets shall be straight and flat so that theymay be seamed to one anothe
19、r without fishmouthing.NOTE 1Pockmarks are oblong depressions, cavities or craters on thesurface of the sheet that have an approximate surface dimension of 3.2 by1.6 mm (1/8 by 1/16 in.), and have a maximum depth approaching onehalf of the sheet thickness.9. Test Methods9.1 DimensionsTest Methods D
20、751, after permitting thesheet to relax at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 4F) for 1 hour 6 15 min.9.2 Thickness, Sheet OverallFrom across the full width ofthe unbuffed sheet, take three samples, 300 by 300 mm (1 by1 ft). Measure the thickness of each corner. Refer to TestMethod D 412 for Type I sheet and Test Meth
21、od D 751 forType II sheet.9.3 Thickness of Coating Over Scrim (ReinforcingFabric)Optical Methodsee Annex A1.9.4 Breaking Strength Test Methods D751, GrabMethod.9.5 Tensile StrengthTest Methods D 412, Die C.9.6 Puncture ResistanceTest Method D 4833.9.7 Elongation, UltimateTest Methods D 412, Die C.9.
22、8 Elongation at Fabric Break, Ultimate Test MethodD 751, Grab Method, 50 mm (2 in.) per minute jaw separationrate.9.9 Tensile Set Test Methods D 412, Method A, Die C, 50% elongation.9.10 Tear Resistance Test Method D 624, Die C.9.11 Tearing Strength Test Methods D 751, B-TongueTear.9.12 Brittleness
23、Point Test Methods D 2137.9.13 Ozone Resistance Test Method D 1149. Inspect at73 magnification on specimens exposed to 100 mPa (1 3 105TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for EPDM SheetType ASTM I IIThickness, min, mm (in.):Sheet-overall D 412 Type 1 1.016 (0.040) 1.016 (0.040)Coating over scrim or fabric
24、 D 7004 Type 11 . 0.38 (0.015)Breaking Strength, min, N (lbf) D 7004 Grab Method . 400 (90)Tensile strength, min, MPa (psi) D 412 Die C 9.0 (1305) .Puncture Resistance N (lbs) Min. D 4833 133 (30) 270 (60)Elongation, ultimate, min % D 412 Die C 300 250AElongation fabric break, ultimate, D 7004, Grab
25、min, % Method, 50 mmMachine direction (2in.) per 15Cross direction minute jaw separation rate 15Tensile set, max D 412 Method A, Die C 10 .Tear resistance, min, kN/m (lbf/in.) D 624 Die C 26.27 (150) .Tearing strength, min, N (lbf) D 7004, B-Tongue . 45 (10Brittleness point, max C (F) D 2137 45 (49)
26、 45 (49)Ozone resistance, no cracks D 1149 pass passHeat aging: D 573Breaking strength, min, N (lbf) D 7004 356 (80)Tensile strength, min, mPa (psi) D 412 Method A, Die C 8.3 (1205) .Elongation, ultimate, min, % D 412 Die C 200 200ATear resistance, min, kN/m (lbf/in) D 624 Die C 21.9 (125) .Linear d
27、imensional change, maz, % D 1204 6 1 6 1Water absorption, max, mass, % D 471 6 8, 2 6 8, 2AAccelerated Weathering: G 151 and G 155Visual inspection D 518 pass passPRFSE, min, % 30 .Elongation, ultimate, min, % 200 .ASpecimens to be prepared from coating rubber compound, vulcanized in a similar metho
28、d to the reinforced products.D7465082psi) ozone in air at 40 6 2C (104 6 4F). Elongate Type Ispecimens 50 % for 166 6 1.66 hour exposure. And Type IIspecimens must be wrapped around a 75 mm (3 in.) diametermandrel for 166 6 1.66 hour exposure. The required specimenwidth is 25 mm (1 in.).9.14 Heat Ag
29、ing Test Method D 573.Age sheet at 116 62C (240 6 4F) for 670 6 6.7 h . Specimens are then cutfrom the aged sheet for testing of breaking strength, tensilestrength, elongation and tear resistance.9.15 Linear Dimensional Change Test Method D 1204.9.16 Water Absorption Test Method D 471, at 70 6 2C(15
30、8 6 4F) for 166 6 1.66 h.9.17 Laboratory Accelerated Weathering Acceleratedweathering tests shall be performed in accordance with Prac-tices G 151 and G 155. These tests are performed on the intactsheet with the weathering side facing the lamps. Mountspecimens for exposure under no strain. After exp
31、osure thespecimens shall be removed and inspected immediately forcracks and crazing at 10 % strain in the bent loop configurationin accordance with Test Method D 518 under 7 3 magnifica-tions. A specimen is rated “pass” if no cracks or crazing areobserved. In addition, for Type I sheet, determine te
32、nsilestrength and ultimate elongation after exposure to laboratoryaccelerated weathering. Calculate the specimen percent re-tained fractional strain energy (PRFSE):PRFSE 5Tensile Strength 3 Elongation! agedTensile Strength 3 Elongation! original3 1009.18 Tbe Xenon-Arc exposure devices shall be opera
33、ted inaccordance with Practices G 151 and G 155 and the followingcondtions:Filter type: Daylight FilterIrradiance: 0.35 to 0.70 W/(m2. nm) at 340 nm:6 0.02 W/(m2. nm) maximumallowed fluctuation(42 to 84 W/m2at 300 to 400 nm:6 2 W/m2maximum allowed fluctuation)Cycle: 690 min 6 15 min light, 30 min li
34、ghtplus water sprayUninsulated black panel 80 C 6 2.5 C maximum allowedtemp: fluctuation ( 176 F 6 4 F maximumallowed fluctuation)Chamber air temperature 50 C 6 2 C maximum allowed(if controlled) fluctuationRelative humidity: 50 %; 6 5% maximum allowedfluctuationSpray Water: Deionized: refer to Prac
35、tice G 155, Sec-tion 6.6.1 for temperature of thewaterSpecimen Every 315 KJ(m2.nm) at 340 nmrepositioning (if (37.8 MJ/m2at 300 to 400 nm)required):Exposure duration: 5040 KJ(m2.nm) at 340 nm(604.8 MJ/m2at 300 to 400 nm).10. Inspection and Special Testing10.1 The manufacturer shall inspect and test
36、production toensure compliance of the product with this specification.11. Rejection and Resubmittal11.1 Failure to conform to any one of the requirementsprescribed in this specification shall constitute grounds forrejection. Rejection shall be reported to the producer orsupplier promptly and in writ
37、ing. The seller shall have the rightto reinspect the rejected shipment and resubmit the lot afterremoval of those packages not conforming to the specifiedrequirements.12. Product Marking12.1 The sheet shall be identified on the side intended to beexposed to the weather with this ASTM designation num
38、berand ASTM type, the name of the manufacturer or supplier, orthe generic sheet type. The type and size of the identification isat the manufacturers option. The identification shall be appliedin such a manner as to be legible at least five years frominstallation. Identification shall not be required
39、 when so speci-fied by the purchaser.13. Packaging and Package Marking13.1 The material shall be rolled on a substantial core andpackaged in a standard commercial manner, unless otherwisespecified in the contract or order.13.2 Shipping containers shall be marked with the name ofthe material, the sto
40、ck and lot numbers, the ASTM designationnumber and type, the size and quantity as defined by thecontract or order under which shipment is made and the nameof the manufacturer or supplier.14. Keywords14.1 EPDM; geomembrane; rubber sheet; vulcanizedrubberD7465083ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. OPTICAL
41、 METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS OF COATING OVER SCRIM (REINFORCING FABRIC)FOR TYPE II SHEETA1.1 Scope This is a method for measuring the thickness ofthe coating over the reinforcing fabric.A1.2 Measurement Method Principle The thickness ofcoating material over reinforcing fabric can beobserved
42、with a standard reflectance microscope.Measurement is made with a calibrated eyepiece.A1.3 Apparatus:A1.3.1 Microscope, 603 with reticle.A1.3.2 Light Source If light source on the microscope isnot adequate, a small tensor lamp can also be used.A1.3.3 Stage Micrometer, 0.0254-mm (0.001-in.) divisions
43、.A1.4 Procedure:A1.4.1 Calibration:A1.4.1.1 Place a standard reflectance stage micrometer inplace of the specimen.A1.4.1.2 Turn on microscope light source.A1.4.1.3 Position the reticle eyepiece and the micrometersuch that the scales are superimposed. Focus the reticle byturning the eyepiece. Focus t
44、he specimen and reticle by turningthe vertical adjustment knob.A1.4.1.4 Locate a point at which both scales line up. Countthe number of micrometer divisions away. Measure to thenearest 0.0125 mm (0.5 mil). The calibration may be optimizedin increasing the number of divisions measured.A1.4.1.5 Repeat
45、 the calibration three times and average theresults.A1.4.2 Specimen Analysis:A1.4.2.1 Carefully center a sharp single edge razor orequivalent over the fiber intersections along thexxline.A1.4.2.2 Make a clean bias cut completely through the liner.A1.4.2.3 Remove the razor cut section and mount in co
46、m-mon putty with the cut surface facing upward.A1.4.2.4 Observe the cut surface with the eyepiece reticle.Measure the thickness of the coating on either side of thethread intersection by counting the number of reticle divisions(to the nearest one-half division).A1.4.2.5 Sample two or three areas of
47、the coatings andaverage the results.A1.5 Calculation:A1.5.1 Calibration:A1.5.1.1 A calibration example follows:In this example, 4.5 micrometer divisions (MD) are equal to4 reticle divisions (RD).4 RD 5 4.5 MD (A1.1)1 RD 5 4.5/4 MD (A1.2)1 RD 5 1.125 MD (A1.3)One micrometer division is equal to 0.025
48、4 mm (1 mil),therefore:1 RD 5 0.0286 mm 1.125 mils (A1.4)This calculated value (0.0286 mm (1.125 mils) in thesample) is the calibration factor.A1.5.1.2 SpecimensMultiply the number of reticle divisions by the calibrationfactor. Report results to the nearest 0.0127 mm (0.5 mil).A1.6 Precision Measure
49、ments are accurate to 60.0127 mm(60.5 mil) when the thickness is about 0.5 mm (20mils).ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and mus
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