ASTM D7467-2008 346 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20).pdf

1、Designation: D 7467 08An American National StandardStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7467; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t

2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers fuel blend grades of 6 to 20volume percent (%) biodiesel with the remainder being

3、 a lightmiddle or middle distillate diesel fuel, collectively designatedas B6 to B20. These grades are suitable for various types ofdiesel engines.1.1.1 The biodiesel component of the blend shall conform tothe requirements of Specification D 6751. The remainder of thefuel shall be a light middle or

4、middle distillate grade diesel fuelconforming to Specification D 975 grades No. 1-D and No.2-D of any sulfur level specified with the following exceptions.The light middle or middle distillate grade diesel fuel whosesulfur level, aromatic level, cetane, or lubricity falls outside ofSpecification D 9

5、75 may be blended with biodiesel meetingSpecification D 6751, provided the finished mixtures meets thisspecification.1.1.2 The fuel sulfur grades are described as follows:1.1.2.1 Grade B6 to B20 S15A fuel with a maximum of15 ppm sulfur.1.1.2.2 Grade B6 to B20 S500A fuel with a maximum of500 ppm sulf

6、ur.1.1.2.3 Grade B6 to B20 S5000Afuel with a maximum of5000 ppm sulfur.1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties ofB6 to B20 biodiesel blends at the time and place of delivery.The specification requirements may be applied at other pointsin the production and distribution system when

7、provided byagreement between the purchaser and the supplier.1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations that may be morerestrictive.NOTE 1The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate die

8、sel fuel oils. For more informa-tion on this subject, see Guide D 4865.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Te

9、st Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip Test

10、D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Meth

11、od forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD 976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-late FuelsD 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Prod

12、ucts by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(High-Temperature Method)D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method fo

13、r Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3117 Test Method for WaxAppearance Point of DistillateFuels1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibili

14、ty of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStanda

15、rds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidat

16、ive Microcou-lometryD 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4539 Test Method for Fi

17、lterability of Diesel Fuels byLow-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Sp

18、ark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D 5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Linear Cooling Rate Method)D 5773 Test Method for Cloud Po

19、int of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)D 6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D 6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination inMiddle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD 6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Pluggi

20、ng Point ofDiesel and Heating FuelsD 6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability ofMiddle Distillate FuelsD 6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels andFuel SystemsD 6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock(B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD 6890 Test Method for Determination of

21、Ignition Delayand Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in a Constant Volume ChamberD 7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (FattyAcid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using MidInfrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)E29 Practice for Using Significant Dig

22、its in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other Standards:26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Retailers Excise Taxes340 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives3EN 14078 Liquid petroleum products - Determination offatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in middle distil-l

23、ates - Infrared spectrometry method4EN 14112 Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty acid methyl esters(FAME) - Determination of oxidation stability (Acceler-ated oxidation test)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.2 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable

24、 oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.3 B6 to B20, nfuel blend consisting of 6 to 20 volumepercent biodiesel conforming to the requirements of Specifi-cation D 6751 with the remainder being a light middle ormiddle distillate grade diesel fuel and meeting the requirementsof this specification.3.3.1

25、DiscussionThe abbreviation BXX represents a spe-cific blend concentration in the range B6 to B20, where XX isthe percent volume of biodiesel in the fuel blend.3.4 S(numerical specification maximum)indicates themaximum sulfur content, in weight ppm (g/g), allowed by thisspecification.4. Test Methods4

26、.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following methods:4.1.1 Acid NumberTest Method D 664.4.1.2 Flash PointTest Method D93, except where othermethods are prescribed by law. Test Method D 3828 may beused as an alternate with the same limits. T

27、est Method D56may be used as an alternate with the same limits, provided theflash point is below 93C. This test method will give slightlylower values. In cases of dispute, Test Method D93shall beused as the referee method.4.1.3 Cloud PointTest Method D 2500. For all B6 to B20grades in Table 1 the au

28、tomatic Test Methods D 5771, D 5772,or D 5773 can be used as alternates with the same limits. TestMethod D3117can also be used since it is closely related toTest Method D 2500. In case of dispute, Test Method D 2500shall be the referee test method.4.1.4 Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)Test MethodD

29、6371.4.1.5 Low Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)Test MethodD 4539.4.1.6 Water and SedimentTest Method D 2709.4.1.7 Carbon ResidueTest Method D 524.4.1.8 AshTest Method D 482.4.1.9 DistillationTest Method D86.4.1.10 ViscosityTest Method D 445.4.1.11 SulfurTable 2 shows the referee test methods andalternat

30、e test methods for sulfur, the range over which each testmethod applies and the corresponding fuel grades.4.1.12 AromaticityTest Method D 1319. This test methodprovides an indication of the aromatic content of fuels. Forfuels with a maximum final boiling point of 315C, this testmethod is a measureme

31、nt of the aromatic content of the fuel.Grade S5000 does not have an aromatics content.4.1.13 Cetane IndexTest Method D 976.4.1.14 LubricityTest Method D 6079.4.1.15 Copper CorrosionTest Method D 130, 3 h test at50C minimum.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,7

32、32 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.4Available from the National CEN members listed on the CEN website(www.cenorm.be.) or from the CEN/TC 19 Secretariat (astmnen.nl).D74670824.1.16 Cetane NumberTest Method D 613. Test MethodD 6890 may also be used. In cases of dispute, Test M

33、ethodD 613 shall be the referee test method.4.1.17 Oxidation StabilityTest Method EN 14112. Thesubcommittee is aware of potential issues in the current versionwhen used for biodiesel blends. This standard is being revisedto resolve these issues. See X1.16.2 for further information.TABLE 1 Detailed R

34、equirements for B6 to B20 Biodiesel BlendsProperty Test MethodGradeB6 to B20 S15 B6 to B20 S500AB6 to B20 S5000BAcid Number, mg KOH/g, max D 664 0.3 0.3 0.3Viscosity, mm2/s at 40C D 445 1.9-4.1C1.9-4.1C1.9- 4.1CFlash Point, C, min D93 52D52D52DCloud Point, C, max or LTFT/CFPP, C, max D 2500, D 4539,

35、 D 6371EE ESulfur Content, (g/g) D 5453 15 . .mass %, max D 2622 . 0.05 .mass %, max D 129 . . 0.50Distillation Temperature, C, 90% vol recovered, max D86 343 343 343Ramsbottom Carbon Residue on 10% bottoms, mass %, max D 524 0.35 0.35 0.35Cetane Number, min D 613F40G40G40GOne of the following must

36、be met:(1) Cetane index, min.D 976-80H40 40 40(2) Aromaticity, %vol, max D 1319-03H35 35 .Ash Content, mass%, max D 482 0.01 0.01 0.01Water and Sediment, volume%, max D 2709 0.05 0.05 0.05Copper Corrosion, 3 h at 50C, max D 130 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3Biodiesel Content, % (V/V) D 7371 6. - 20. 6. - 20. 6.

37、- 20.Oxidation Stability, hours, min EN 14112 66 6Lubricity, HFRR at 60C, micron (m), max D 6079 520I520I520IAUnder United States of America regulations, if Grades B6-20 S500 are sold for tax exempt purposes then, at, or beyond terminal storage tanks, they are required by26 CFR Part 48 to contain th

38、e dye Solvent Red 164 at a concentration spectrally equivalent to 3.9 lb per thousand barrels of the solid dye standard Solvent Red 164, orthe tax must be collected.BUnder United States of America regulations, Grades B6-20 S5000 are required by 40 CFR part 80 to contain a sufficient amount of the dy

39、e Solvent Red 164 so itspresence is visually apparent. At or beyond terminal storage tanks, they are required by 26 CFR Part 48 to contain the dye Solvent Red 164 at a concentration spectrallyequivalent to 3.9 lb per thousand barrels of the solid dye standard Solvent Red 26.CIf Grade No. 1-D or blen

40、ds of Grade No. 1-D and Grade No. 2-D diesel fuel are used, the minimum viscosity shall be 1.3 mm2/s.DIf Grade No. 1-D or blends of Grade No. 1-D and Grade No. 2-D diesel fuel are used, or a cloud point of less than -12C is specified, the minimum flash point shallbe 38C.EIt is unrealistic to specify

41、 low temperature properties that will ensure satisfactory operation at all ambient conditions. In general, cloud point (or wax appearance point)Low Temperature Flow Test, and Cold Filter Plugging Point Test may be useful to estimate vehicle low temperature operability limits but their use with B6 to

42、 B20 has notbeen validated. However, satisfactory operation below the cloud point (or wax appearance point) may be achieved depending on equipment design, operating conditions,and the use of flow-improver additives as described in X3.1.2. Appropriate low temperature operability properties should be

43、agreed upon between the fuel supplier andpurchaser for the intended use and expected ambient temperatures. Test Methods D 4539 and D 6371 may be especially useful to estimate vehicle low temperatureoperability limits when flow improvers are used but their use with B6 to B20 from a full range of biod

44、iesel feedstock sources has not been validated. Due to fuel deliverysystem, engine design, and test method differences, low temperature operability tests may not provide the same degree of protection in various vehicle operating classes.Tenth percentile minimum air temperatures for U.S. locations ar

45、e provided in Appendix X3 as a means of estimating expected regional temperatures. The tenth percentileminimum air temperatures may be used to estimate expected regional target temperatures for use with Test Methods D 2500, D 4539, and D 6371. Refer to X3.1.3 forfurther general guidance on test appl

46、ication.FCalculated cetane index approximation, Test Method D 4737, is not applicable to biodiesel blends.GLow ambient temperatures, as well as engine operation at high altitudes, may require the use of fuels with higher cetane ratings. If the diesel fuel is qualified underTable 1 of Specification D

47、 975 for cetane, it is not necessary to measure the cetane number of the blend. This is because the cetane number of the individual blendcomponents will be at least 40, so the resulting blend will also be at least 40 cetane number.HThese test methods are specified in 40 CFR Part 80.IIf the diesel fu

48、el is qualified under Table 1 of Specification D 975 for lubricity, it is not necessary to measure the lubricity of the blend. This is because the lubricity ofthe individual blend components will be less than 520 micron (m) so the resulting blend will also be less than 520 (m).TABLE 2 Sulfur Test Me

49、thodsSulfur Test Method Range Grades Units Used to Report ResultsAD 129(referee)0.1 mass % S5000 mass %D 1266 0.0005 to 0.4 mass %5 to 4000 mg/kg (wt ppm)S500 mass %D 1552 0.06 mass % S5000 mass %D 2622(referee for S500 grades)0.0003 to 5.3 mass %3 to 53 000 mg/kg (wt ppm)all grades mass %D 3120 3.0 to 100 mg/kg (wt ppm) S15, S500(S500 grades must be diluted before testing)ppm (g/g)D 4294 0.0150 to 5.00 mass %150 to 50 000 mg/kg (wt ppm)S5000 mass %D 5453(referee for S15 grades)0.0001 to 0.8 mass %1.0 to 8000 mg/kg (wt ppm)all grades ppm (g/