ASTM D7467-2009 516 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20).pdf

1、Designation: D 7467 09An American National StandardStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7467; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t

2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers fuel blend grades of 6 to 20volume percent (%) biodiesel with the remainder bein

3、g a lightmiddle or middle distillate diesel fuel, collectively designatedas B6 to B20. These grades are suitable for various types ofdiesel engines.1.1.1 The biodiesel component of the blend shall conform tothe requirements of Specification D 6751. The remainder of thefuel shall be a light middle or

4、 middle distillate grade diesel fuelconforming to Specification D 975 grades No. 1-D and No.2-D of any sulfur level specified with the following exceptions.The light middle or middle distillate grade diesel fuel whosesulfur level, aromatic level, cetane, or lubricity falls outside ofSpecification D

5、975 may be blended with biodiesel meetingSpecification D 6751, provided the finished mixtures meets thisspecification.1.1.2 The fuel sulfur grades are described as follows:1.1.2.1 Grade B6 to B20 S15A fuel with a maximum of15 ppm sulfur.1.1.2.2 Grade B6 to B20 S500A fuel with a maximum of500 ppm sul

6、fur.1.1.2.3 Grade B6 to B20 S5000Afuel with a maximum of5000 ppm sulfur.1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties ofB6 to B20 biodiesel blends at the time and place of delivery.The specification requirements may be applied at other pointsin the production and distribution system when

7、 provided byagreement between the purchaser and the supplier.1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations that may be morerestrictive.NOTE 1The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate di

8、esel fuel oils. For more informa-tion on this subject, see Guide D 4865.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 T

9、est Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip Tes

10、tD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Met

11、hod forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD 976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-late FuelsD 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Pro

12、ducts by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(High-Temperature Method)D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method f

13、or Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3117 Test Method for WaxAppearance Point of DistillateFuelsD 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetro

14、leum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 746708.2For referenc

15、ed ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyrig

16、ht ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Produ

17、ctsD 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels byLow-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD 4865 Guide for Gene

18、ration and Dissipation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Optical De

19、tection Stepped Cooling Method)D 5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Linear Cooling Rate Method)D 5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)D 6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig

20、(HFRR)D 6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination inMiddle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD 6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point ofDiesel and Heating FuelsD 6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability ofMiddle Distillate FuelsD 6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in

21、Fuels andFuel SystemsD 6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock(B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD 6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delayand Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in a Constant Volume ChamberD 7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodies

22、el (FattyAcid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using MidInfrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other Standards:26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Retailers Excise Taxes340 CFR Part 80 Reg

23、ulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives3EN 14078 Liquid petroleum products - Determination offatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in middle distil-lates - Infrared spectrometry method4EN 14112 Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty acid methyl esters(FAME) - Determination of oxidation stability (Acceler-ated

24、 oxidation test)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.2 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.3 B6 to B20, nfuel blend consisting of 6 to 20 volumepercent biodiesel conforming to the requirements of Specifi-ca

25、tion D 6751 with the remainder being a light middle ormiddle distillate grade diesel fuel and meeting the requirementsof this specification.3.3.1 DiscussionThe abbreviation BXX represents a spe-cific blend concentration in the range B6 to B20, where XX isthe percent volume of biodiesel in the fuel b

26、lend.3.4 S(numerical specification maximum)indicates themaximum sulfur content, in weight ppm (g/g), allowed by thisspecification.4. Test Methods4.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following methods:4.1.1 Acid NumberTest Method D 664.4.1.2

27、Flash PointTest Method D93, except where othermethods are prescribed by law. Test Method D 3828 may beused as an alternate with the same limits. Test Method D56may be used as an alternate with the same limits, provided theflash point is below 93C. This test method will give slightlylower values. In

28、cases of dispute, Test Method D93shall beused as the referee method.4.1.3 Cloud PointTest Method D 2500. For all B6 to B20grades in Table 1 the automatic Test Methods D 5771, D 5772,or D 5773 can be used as alternates with the same limits. TestMethod D3117can also be used since it is closely related

29、 toTest Method D 2500. In case of dispute, Test Method D 2500shall be the referee test method.4.1.4 Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)Test MethodD 6371.4.1.5 Low Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)Test MethodD 4539.4.1.6 Water and SedimentTest Method D 2709.4.1.7 Carbon ResidueTest Method D 524.4.1.8 AshTes

30、t Method D 482.4.1.9 DistillationTest Method D86.4.1.10 ViscosityTest Method D 445.4.1.11 SulfurTable 2 shows the referee test methods andalternate test methods for sulfur, the range over which each testmethod applies and the corresponding fuel grades.4.1.12 AromaticityTest Method D 1319. This test

31、methodprovides an indication of the aromatic content of fuels. Forfuels with a maximum final boiling point of 315C, this testmethod is a measurement of the aromatic content of the fuel.Grade S5000 does not have an aromatics content.4.1.13 Cetane IndexTest Method D 976.4.1.14 LubricityTest Method D 6

32、079.4.1.15 Copper CorrosionTest Method D 130, 3 h test at50C minimum.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.4Available from the National CEN members listed on the CEN website(www.cenorm.be.) or from the

33、 CEN/TC 19 Secretariat (astmnen.nl).D74670924.1.16 Cetane NumberTest Method D 613. Test MethodD 6890 may also be used. In cases of dispute, Test MethodD 613 shall be the referee test method.4.1.17 Oxidation StabilityTest Method EN 14112. Thesubcommittee is aware of potential issues in the current ve

34、rsionwhen used for biodiesel blends. This standard is being revisedto resolve these issues. See X1.16.2 for further information.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for B6 to B20 Biodiesel BlendsProperty Test MethodGradeB6 to B20 S15 B6 to B20 S500AB6 to B20 S5000BAcid Number, mg KOH/g, max D 664 0.3 0.3 0

35、.3Viscosity, mm2/s at 40C D 445 1.9-4.1C1.9-4.1C1.9- 4.1CFlash Point, C, min D93 52D52D52DCloud Point, C, max or LTFT/CFPP, C, max D 2500, D 4539, D 6371EE ESulfur Content, (g/g) D 5453 15 . .mass %, max D 2622 . 0.05 .mass %, max D 129 . . 0.50Distillation Temperature, C, 90% vol recovered, max D86

36、 343 343 343Ramsbottom Carbon Residue on 10% bottoms, mass %, max D 524 0.35 0.35 0.35Cetane Number, min D 613F40G40G40GOne of the following must be met:(1) Cetane index, min.D 976-80H40 40 40(2) Aromaticity, %vol, max D 1319-03H35 35 .Ash Content, mass%, max D 482 0.01 0.01 0.01Water and Sediment,

37、volume%, max D 2709 0.05 0.05 0.05Copper Corrosion, 3 h at 50C, max D 130 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3Biodiesel Content, % (V/V) D 7371 6. - 20. 6. - 20. 6. - 20.Oxidation Stability, hours, min EN 14112 66 6Lubricity, HFRR at 60C, micron (m), max D 6079 520I520I520IAUnder United States of America regulations,

38、if Grades B6-20 S500 are sold for tax exempt purposes then, at, or beyond terminal storage tanks, they are required by26 CFR Part 48 to contain the dye Solvent Red 164 at a concentration spectrally equivalent to 3.9 lb per thousand barrels of the solid dye standard Solvent Red 164, orthe tax must be

39、 collected.BUnder United States of America regulations, Grades B6-20 S5000 are required by 40 CFR part 80 to contain a sufficient amount of the dye Solvent Red 164 so itspresence is visually apparent. At or beyond terminal storage tanks, they are required by 26 CFR Part 48 to contain the dye Solvent

40、 Red 164 at a concentration spectrallyequivalent to 3.9 lb per thousand barrels of the solid dye standard Solvent Red 26.CIf Grade No. 1-D or blends of Grade No. 1-D and Grade No. 2-D diesel fuel are used, the minimum viscosity shall be 1.3 mm2/s.DIf Grade No. 1-D or blends of Grade No. 1-D and Grad

41、e No. 2-D diesel fuel are used, or a cloud point of less than -12C is specified, the minimum flash point shallbe 38C.EIt is unrealistic to specify low temperature properties that will ensure satisfactory operation at all ambient conditions. In general, cloud point (or wax appearance point)Low Temper

42、ature Flow Test, and Cold Filter Plugging Point Test may be useful to estimate vehicle low temperature operability limits but their use with B6 to B20 has notbeen validated. However, satisfactory operation below the cloud point (or wax appearance point) may be achieved depending on equipment design,

43、 operating conditions,and the use of flow-improver additives as described in X3.1.2. Appropriate low temperature operability properties should be agreed upon between the fuel supplier andpurchaser for the intended use and expected ambient temperatures. Test Methods D 4539 and D 6371 may be especiall

44、y useful to estimate vehicle low temperatureoperability limits when flow improvers are used but their use with B6 to B20 from a full range of biodiesel feedstock sources has not been validated. Due to fuel deliverysystem, engine design, and test method differences, low temperature operability tests

45、may not provide the same degree of protection in various vehicle operating classes.Tenth percentile minimum air temperatures for U.S. locations are provided in Appendix X3 as a means of estimating expected regional temperatures. The tenth percentileminimum air temperatures may be used to estimate ex

46、pected regional target temperatures for use with Test Methods D 2500, D 4539, and D 6371. Refer to X3.1.3 forfurther general guidance on test application.FCalculated cetane index approximation, Test Method D 4737, is not applicable to biodiesel blends.GLow ambient temperatures, as well as engine ope

47、ration at high altitudes, may require the use of fuels with higher cetane ratings. If the diesel fuel is qualified underTable 1 of Specification D 975 for cetane, it is not necessary to measure the cetane number of the blend. This is because the cetane number of the individual blendcomponents will b

48、e at least 40, so the resulting blend will also be at least 40 cetane number.HThese test methods are specified in 40 CFR Part 80.IIf the diesel fuel is qualified under Table 1 of Specification D 975 for lubricity, it is not necessary to measure the lubricity of the blend. This is because the lubrici

49、ty ofthe individual blend components will be less than 520 micron (m) so the resulting blend will also be less than 520 (m).TABLE 2 Sulfur Test MethodsSulfur Test Method Range Grades Units Used to Report ResultsAD 129(referee)0.1 mass % S5000 mass %D 1266 0.0005 to 0.4 mass %5 to 4000 mg/kg (wt ppm)S500 mass %D 1552 0.06 mass % S5000 mass %D 2622(referee for S500 grades)0.0003 to 5.3 mass %3 to 53 000 mg/kg (wt ppm)all grades mass %D 3120 3.0 to 100 mg/kg (wt ppm) S15, S500(S500 grades must be diluted before testing)ppm (g/g)D 4294 0.0150 to