1、Designation: D7570 09D7570 17Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Dimensional Stability of Pile Yarn FloorCovering1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7570; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of dimensional changes in the lengthwise and widthwisewidth-wise directi
3、on anddistortion likely to occur when pile floor coverings are exposed to various conditions of moisture and heat. This method isapplicable to all pile floor coverings including carpet module form.1.2 This method is applicable to machine made pile yarn floor covering.1.3 The values stated in inch-po
4、und units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversion to SI units that are provededprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. I
5、t is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing T
6、extilesD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.21, Pile Yarn Floo
7、r Coverings, refer to Terminology D5684.3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard: backing, carpet, dimensional stability, cut pile yarn floor covering, finishedpile yarn floor covering, floor covering, lengthwise direction, pile yarn floor covering, textile floor covering, tufted fabric
8、,widthwise direction3.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method describes the dimensional stability of machine made pile yarn floor coverings when subjected to heat, waterand various atmospheric conditions. The dimen
9、sions of the specimen are measured in the original state and after each stage ofconditioning in the lengthwise and widthwisewidth-wise directions. The change in the dimensions are determined and reported tothe nearest .001 in. (.03 mm).5. Significance and Use5.1 The determination of dimensional chan
10、ge of pile yarn floor covering is useful in quality and cost control during manufactureof pile yarn floor covering. The appearance and performance may be affected by the changes in the dimensions of pile yarn floor1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is
11、the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009March 1, 2017. Published February 2010March 2017. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 asD757009. DOI: 10.1520/D7570-09.10.1520/D7570-17.2 For referencedASTM
12、standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of
13、an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publ
14、ished by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1covering. This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipment because current estimates ofbe
15、tween laboratory precision are acceptable, and this method is commonly used in the trade for acceptance testing.5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparativetests should be performed to determine if there is a statist
16、ical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As aminimum use the samples for such comparative tests that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material asthe samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers
17、 to each laboratory. Thetest results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosenprior to the testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material mustbe a
18、djusted in consideration of the known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Measuring Device, capable of measuring a dimension to an accuracy of 0.001 in. (0.03 mm).Aloading plate made of metalor glass with dimensions slightly smaller than the test specimen or any other device capable of keeping the specimen flat du
19、ringmeasurement of dimensional change.6.2 Support Plate, with a dimension slightly larger than the test specimens on which to place specimen during measurement.6.3 Laboratory Oven, with forced ventilation capable of maintaining a temperature of 140140 6 2 F2 F (60 6 1 C)equipped with perforated rack
20、s or grids to permit free circulation of air.6.4 Water Basin, with dimensions slightly larger than the test specimens, filled with tap water at 68 6 2 F5 F (20 6 1 C) 3 C) containing 0.1 % Sodium Lauryl Sulfate.6.4.1 Weights, to allow full submersion of the specimen.NOTE 1Water temperature in 6.4 do
21、es not need to be maintained.6.5 Grids, to allow free circulation of air for conditioning.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 0.1%.8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units8.1 Specimens presented for testing should be representative of manufacturer production roll. If possible the s
22、pecimen shall betested in the size that it was submitted in order to prevent skewing of specimen and test results. If specimen must be cut toaccommodate testing equipment such as ovens or measuring apparatus it shall only be reduced to the minimal size no smaller than18 in. x by 18 in. (457 by 457 m
23、m) to meet these requirements.8.2 The specimen shall have clear identification on it to identify the machine direction.8.3 For test samples 120 in. (3000 mm) wide or wider, three test specimens are required for a test method, one at each edgeor no nearer the edge than 5% 5 % of the total floor cover
24、ing width and one in the middle portion of the laboratory sampling unit.For test samples at least 60 in. (1500 mm) wide but less than 120 in. (3000 mm) take two test specimens, one at each edge no nearerto the edge than 5% of the total floor covering width. For test samples less than 60 in. (1500 mm
25、) wide, take one specimen fromthe middle portion. For test samples of pile yarn floor covering in carpet module form one carpet tile should be selectedrepresentative of the lot. For referee testing, select three carpet tiles .9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 The test equipment shall be verified and an
26、y adjustments made before starting each test cycle.9.2 Fill water basin with a solution of 0.1% 0.1 % Sodium Lauryl Sulfate as directed in step 6.4.16.4.10. Calibration and Standardization10.1 Verification of the equipment should be made prior to starting of test using a certified ruler or gauge blo
27、cks tracable to anational standard. Make any adjustments to the equipment to assure accuracy of measuring device.11. Conditioning11.1 Condition the specimen as directed in practice Practice specimens or test samples in the D1776 in standard atmosphere fortesting textile, which is 70 6textiles in acc
28、ordance with Practice D17762 F (21 6 1 C ) at 65 6 2% relative humidity beforestarting the test. .12. Procedure12.1 Place the specimen on the measuring device for lengthwise and widthwise direction. Place the loading plate on the samplefor ease of keeping the sample flat.Aminimum of two measurements
29、 for each direction of the specimen shall be taken.The originalD7570 172measurements shall be marked with a permanent waterproof marker along the edge to ensure all measurements are repeated at thesame point. The measurements shall be taken at least 1 in. (25 mm) from each corner of the specimen. Me
30、asure to the nearest0.001in. (0.03mm). 0.001 in. (0.03 mm).12.2 Place the specimen in a forced air oven for 2 h 6 15 min at 140 6 2 F (60 61 C).2 F (60 6 1 C).12.3 After time in the oven has elapsed, remove the specimen from the oven.12.4 Place the sample in the water basin with the water initial wa
31、ter temperature at 68 6 5 F (20 6 3 C) and sodium laurylsulfate solution for 2 h 6 15 min. min, allowing water solution to cool to ambient temperature. If specimen floats in water, usea weighted object to keep the specimen submerged in water.12.5 Remove the specimen from the sodium lauryl sulfate so
32、lution , solution, avoid distorting the shape of the specimen. Excesswater may be removed by placing the specimen between sheets of blotting paper.12.6 Place the wet specimen in the forced air oven at 140 6 2 F (60 6 1 C) 14062 F (6061 C) for 24 h 6 30 minand allow it to dry.12.7 Place the specimen
33、on the grids for conditioning in a controlled atmosphere at 70 6 2 F (216 1 C), 65 6 2% relativehumidity for a minimum of 48 hand repeat measuringthe standard atmosphere for testing textiles in accordance with PracticeD1776 instructions as directed in 12.1.13. Calculation13.1 Calculate the measureme
34、nt of the dimensional change for the lengthwise and widthwise direction after 12.7 expressed tothe nearest 0010.001 in. (0.03 mm) using the following formula:DC5lo2lcDC = Dimensional Changelo = is the arithmetic mean of the original measurementlc = is the arithmetic mean of the measurement after 12.
35、7.13.2 Calculate the measurement for lengthwise and widthwise direction. Indicate shrinkage by a minus sign and an increase inthe dimension by a plus sign. The dimensional change may be measured and calculated for 12.3, 12.4, and 12.5, and 12.6 ifspecified by the requestor for research and developme
36、nt purposes.NOTE 2The dimensional change can be calculated and reported as a percentage if specified by the requestor (see Appendix X1).14. Report14.1 Report the following information:14.1.1 State the test was conducted in accordance with Test Method D7570.14.1.2 IdenificationIdentification and desc
37、ription of the material tested.14.1.3 Any deviation from the test standard.14.1.4 Any relative comments to the standard.14.1.5 The dimensional change as determined in Section 12.14.1.6 fIf specified by requestor, the percentage in dimensions as calculated in Appendix X1.15. Precision and Bias15.1 Th
38、e precision of this test method is based on an interlaboratory study of WK9474, Standard Test Method for Determiningthe Dimensional Stability of Pile Yarn Floor Covering, conducted in 2007. Results in this study were obtained from fivelaboratories, testing three different types of adhesive backed mo
39、dular carpet tile. Every “test result” reported represents anindividual determination. Each participating laboratory reported three replicate test results for every material. Except for the useof only five laboratories, Practice E691 was followed for the design and analysis of the data.15.1.1 Repeat
40、ability limit (r)Two test results obtained within one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ bymore than the “r” value for that material; “r” is the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for the samematerial, obtained by the same operator using the
41、same equipment on the same day in the same laboratory.15.1.2 Reproducibility limit (R)Two test results shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” value forthat material; “R” is the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for the same material, o
42、btained bydifferent operators using different equipment in different laboratories.15.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproducibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.15.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with statements 15.1.1 and 15.1.2 would normally have an approximate 95% 9
43、5 %probability of being correct, however the precision statistics obtained in this ILS must not be treated as exact mathematicalquantities which are applicable to all circumstances and uses. The limited number of materials tested, and laboratories reportingresults, guarantees that there will be time
44、s when differences greater than predicted by the ILS results will arise, sometimes withconsiderably greater or smaller frequency than the 95% 95 % probability limit would imply. The repeatability limit and theD7570 173reproducibility limit should be considered as general guides, and the associated p
45、robability of 95% 95 % as only a rough indicatorof what can be expected. See Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4.15.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.15.3 The
46、 precision statement was determined through statistical examination of 180 results, from five laboratories, on threematerials. These three tiles were described as the following:15.3.1 Tile A: Extruded Back Modular Tile15.3.2 Tile B: PVC Modular Tile15.3.3 Tile C: Polyurethane Modular Tile15.3.4 To j
47、udge the equivalency of two test results, it is recommended to choose the type of tile / adhesive closest incharacteristics to the test tile.16. Keywords16.1 carpet; dimensional stability; modular carpet; pile yarn floor covering; textile floor coveringTABLE 1 Length Change (in.)Tile AverageA Repeat
48、abilityStandardDeviationsrReproducibilityStandardDeviationsRRepeatabilityLimitrReproducibilityLimitRTile AverageA RepeatabilityStandardDeviationsrReproducibilityStandardDeviationsRRepeatabilityLimitrReproducibilityLimitRA 0.0043 0.0029 0.0031 0.0080 0.0088B 0.0061 0.0112 0.0112 0.0313 0.0313C 0.0058
49、 0.0036 0.0053 0.0101 0.0148AThe The average of the laboratories calculated averages.D7570 174APPENDIXX1. Dimensional Change Expressed as PercentageX1.1 Calculate at each measurement of the test the variations observed and express as a percentage to the nearest 0.05%, usingthe formula:lm 2lolo 3100 %lm 2lolo 3100 5 %Dimensional Changewhere:lo = is the arithmetic mean of the initial measurements,lm = is the arithmetic mean of measurements at each of the stage of the test.lm = is the arithmetic mean of measurements at each stage of the test.Indicat
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