ASTM D7589-2014 5640 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VID Spark Ignitio.pdf

1、Designation: D7589 14Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on FuelEconomy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks inSequence VID Spark Ignition Engine1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7589; the number immediately following the designation indi

2、cates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method can be used by any proper

3、ly equipped laboratory without outside assistance.However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)3provides reference oils and assessment of thetest results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see AnnexA1). By this means, the laboratory willknow whether their use of this test method gives result

4、s statistically similar to those obtained by otherlaboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services inseeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the American Petroleum Institute(API) imposes such a requirement, in connection with s

5、everal U.S. Army engine lubricating oilspecifications. Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMCservices. Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of thistest method that refer to the TMC. This test method may be

6、modified by means of Information Lettersissued by the TMC. In addition, the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to this testmethod. Users of this test method shall contact the TMC, Attention: Administrator, to obtain the mostrecent of these information letters.1. Scope*1.1 This test method

7、 covers an engine test procedure for themeasurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on thefuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks withgross vehicle weight 3856 kg or less. The tests are conductedusing a specified spark-ignition engine with a displacement of3.6 L (General Motors

8、)4on a dynamometer test stand. Itapplies to multi viscosity grade oils used in these applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct equivalent suchas the units for screw

9、 threads, National Pipe threads/diameters,tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications.Additionally, Brake Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured inkilograms per kilowatthour.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It i

10、s theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:Subject SectionIntroductionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of T

11、est Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6General 6.1Test Engine Configuration 6.2Laboratory Ambient Conditions 6.3Engine Speed and Torque Control 6.4Dynamometer 6.4.1Dynamometer Torque 6.4.2Engine Cooling System 6.5External Oil System 6.6Fuel System 6.7Fuel Flow Measurement 6.7.21This test metho

12、d is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.10 on Standards Acceleration.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approv

13、ed in 2013 as D7589 13.DOI:10.1520/D7589-14.2The multi-cylinder engine test sequences were originally developed by anASTM Committee D02 group. Subsequently, the procedures were published in anASTM special technical publication. The Sequence VIB was published as ResearchReport RR:D02-1469, dated Apri

14、l 8, 1999.3The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method bymeans of Information Letters. This edition includes all information letters throughNo. 131. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test MonitoringCenter, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Atten

15、tion: Administrator.4Trademark of General Motors Corporation, 300 Renaissance Center, Detroit,MI 48265.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Subject SectionFue

16、l Temperature and Pressure Control to the FuelFlowmeter6.7.3Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to Engine Fuel Rail 6.7.4Fuel Supply Pumps 6.7.5Fuel Filtering 6.7.6Engine Intake Air Supply 6.8Intake Air Humidity 6.8.1Intake Air Filtration 6.8.2Intake Air Pressure Relief 6.8.3Temperature Measuremen

17、t 6.9Thermocouple Location 6.9.5AFR Determination 6.10Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems 6.11Exhaust Manifolds 6.11.1Laboratory Exhaust System 6.11.2Exhaust Back Pressure 6.11.3Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations 6.12Engine Oil 6.12.2Fuel to Fuel Flowmeter 6.12.3Fuel to Engine

18、Fuel Rail 6.12.4Exhaust Back Pressure 6.12.5Intake Air 6.12.6Intake Manifold Vacuum/Absolute Pressure 6.12.7Coolant Flow Differential Pressure 6.12.8Crankcase Pressure 6.12.9Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus 6.13Test Engine Configuration 6.13.1ECU (Power Control Module) 6.13.2Thermostat Block-Of

19、f Adapter Plate 6.13.3Wiring Harness 6.13.4Oil Pan 6.13.5Engine Water Pump Adapter Plate 6.13.6Thermostat Block-Off Plate 6.13.7Oil Filter Adapter Plate 6.13.8Modified Throttle Body Assembly 6.13.9Fuel Rail 6.13.10Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation 6.14Reagents and Materials 7Engine

20、 Oil 7.1Test Fuel 7.2Engine Coolant 7.3Cleaning Materials 7.4Preparation of Apparatus 8Test Stand Preparation 8.2Engine Preparation 9Cleaning of Engine Parts 9.3Engine Assembly Procedure 9.4General Assembly Instructions 9.4.1Bolt Torque Specifications 9.4.2Sealing Compounds 9.4.3Harmonic Balancer 9.

21、4.5Thermostat 9.4.6Coolant Inlet 9.4.7Oil Filter Adapter 9.4.8Dipstick Tube 9.4.9Sensors, Switches, Valves, and Positioners 9.4.10Ignition System 9.4.11Fuel Injection System 9.4.12Intake Air System 9.4.13Engine Management System 9.4.14Accessory Drive Units 9.4.15Exhaust Manifolds 9.4.16Engine Flywhe

22、el and Guards 9.4.17Lifting of Assembled Engines 9.4.18Engine Mounts 9.4.19Non-Phased Camshaft Gears 9.4.20Internal Coolant Orifice 9.4.21Calibration 10Stand/Engine Calibration 10.1Procedure 10.1.1Reporting of Reference Results 10.1.2Analysis of Reference/Calibration Oils 10.1.3Instrument Calibratio

23、n 10.2Engine Torque Measurement System 10.2.3Fuel Flow Measurement System 10.2.4Coolant Flow Measurement System 10.2.5Subject SectionThermocouple and Temperature Measurement System 10.2.6Humidity Measurement System 10.2.7Other Instrumentation 10.2.8Test Procedure 11External Oil System 11.1Flush Effe

24、ctiveness Demonstration 11.2Preparation for Oil Charge 11.3Initial Engine Start-Up 11.4New Engine Break-In 11.5Oil Charge for Break-In 11.5.2Break-In Operating Conditions 11.5.3Standard Requirements for Break-In 11.5.4Routine Test Operation 11.6Start-Up and Shutdown Procedures 11.6.1Flying Flush Oil

25、 Exchange Procedures 11.6.2Test Operating Stages 11.6.3Stabilization to Stage Conditions 11.6.4Stabilized BSFC Measurement Cycle 11.6.5BLB1 Oil Flush Procedure for BL Oil Before Test Run 1 11.6.6BSFC Measurement of BLB1 Oil Before Test Oil 11.6.7BLB2 Oil Flush Procedure for BL Oil Before Test Oil Ru

26、n 2 11.6.8BSFC Measurement of BLB2 Oil Before Test Oil 11.6.9Percent Delta Calculation for BLB1 vs. BLB2 11.6.10Test Oil Flush Procedure 11.6.11Test Oil Aging, Phase I 11.6.12BSFC Measurement of Aged (Phase I) Test Oil 11.6.13Test Oil Aging, Phase II 11.6.14BSFC Measurement of Aged (Phase II) Test O

27、il 11.6.15Oil Consumption and Sampling 11.6.16Flush Procedure for BL Oil (BLA) After Test Oil 11.6.17General Test Data Logging Forms 11.6.18Diagnostic Review Procedures 11.6.19Determination of Test Results 12Final Test Report 13Precision and Bias 14Keywords 15AnnexesThe Role of the ASTM Test Monitor

28、ing Center and theCalibration ProgramAnnex A1Detailed Specifications and Drawings of Apparatus Annex A2Oil Heater Cerrobase Refill Procedure Annex A3Engine Part Number Listing Annex A4Safety Precautions Annex A5Report Format Annex A6Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviations Annex A7Oil

29、Sump Full Level Determination ConsumptionMeasurement Calibration ProcedureAnnex A8Fuel Injector Evaluation Annex A9Pre-test Maintenance Checklist Annex A10Blow-by Ventilation System Requirements Annex A11Calculation of Test Results Annex A12Calculation of Unweighted Baseline Shift Annex A13NonPhased

30、 Cam Gear and Position Actuator InstallationProcedureAnnex A14AppendixProcurement of Test Materials Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:5D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbo

31、n Dry Cleaning Solvent)D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-drocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter5For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the s

32、tandards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.D7589 142D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-i

33、ty)D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Method)D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gas

34、olineD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline byAtomicAbsorp-tion SpectroscopyD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petrole

35、umProducts, and LubricantsD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine OilsD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5453 Test Method for Determina

36、tion of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD6750 Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in aHigh-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine1K Proce-dure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % FuelSulfur)D683

37、7 Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automo-tive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars andLight-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIB Spark Ignition En-gineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE191 Specification forApparatus For Micro

38、determination ofCarbon and Hydrogen in Organic and Organo-MetallicCompoundsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 SAE Standards:6J304 Engine Oil TestsJ1423 Classification of Energy-Conserving Engine Oil forPassenger Cars and Light-Duty

39、Trucks2.3 API Publication:7API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System2.4 ANSI Standard:8ANSI MC96.1-1975 Temperature Measurement Thermo-couples3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air-fuel ratio, nin internal combustion engines, themass ratio of air-to-fuel in the mixture being induced in

40、to thecombustion chambers. D41753.1.2 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associatedwith self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven byinternal combustion engines. D44853.1.3 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat

41、 leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation.3.1.4 break-in, vin internal combustion engines, the run-ning of a new engine under prescribed conditions to helpstabilize engine response and help remove initial frictioncharacteristics associated with new engine parts. D68373.1.5 c

42、alibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a(e.g. thermometer, manometer, engine) device or a givenengine with respect to a standard.3.1.6 calibration oil, nan oil that is used to determine theindication or output of a measuring device or a given enginewith respect to a standard. D41753.1.7

43、 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts of an engine; removes heat,particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as acombustion gas sealant for the piston rings.3.1.7.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition

44、 of engine rusting, depositformation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming areexamples. D67503.1.8 fuel economy, nin internal combustion engines, theefficient use of gasoline. D68373.1.8.1 DiscussionDetermined by comparing the rate offuel consumption of a test oil with that displayed by base

45、lineoil.3.1.9 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D41753.1.10 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D41753.1.11 non-standard test, na test

46、that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod, such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions. D41753.1.12 purchaser, nof an ASTM test, a pe

47、rson or organi-zation that pays for the conduct of an ASTM test method on aspecified product. D41756Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Common-wealth Dr. Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. This standard is not available separately.Order the SAE Handbook Vol 2, or the SAE Fuels and

48、Lubricants Standards ManualHS-23.7Available from the American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005.8Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D7589 1433.1.12.1 DiscussionThe preferred ter

49、m is purchaser. Dep-recated terms that have been used are client, requester, sponsor,and customer.3.1.13 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics used as a basis for comparison. D41753.1.14 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure. D41753.1.15 test start, nintroduction of test oil into the engine.D41753.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aged test oil, nan engine oil to be tested that hasbeen previously subjected to use in a spark-ignited operatingengine for a prescribed length of servi