1、Designation: D7613 10Standard Specification forFlexible Polypropylene Reinforced (fPP-R) andNonreinforced (fPP) Geomembranes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7613; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible polypropylene rein-forced (fPP-R) and nonreinforced (fPP) geomembranes
3、 madefrom flexible polypropylene as the principal polymer preparedby the polymerization of propylene with or without other alphaolefin monomers.1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize thesheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality. In-placesystem design criteria, such as field
4、-seaming strength andmaterial compatibility among others, are factors that should beconsidered but are beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport
5、 to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D573 T
6、est Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) ofPlastic Film and SheetingD1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevat
7、edTemperatureD2136 Test Method for Coated FabricsLow-TemperatureBend TestD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance ofGeomembranes and Related ProductsD5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thicknessof GeosyntheticsD5538 Practice for Thermoplastic Elastom
8、ersTerminology and AbbreviationsD5884 Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength ofInternally Reinforced GeomembranesD6636 Test Method for Determination of Ply AdhesionStrength of Reinforced GeomembranesD6693 Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties ofNonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinfo
9、rced FlexiblePolypropylene GeomembranesD7004 Test Method for Grab Tensile Properties of Rein-forced GeomembranesG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Non
10、metallic MaterialsG155 Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this speci-fication, refer to Terminologies D883 and D4439 and PracticeD5538.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The sheet shall be cap
11、able of being heat welded, fused,or adhesively bonded to itself for making watertight fieldsplices and repairs.4.2 Geomembrane can be nonreinforced or reinforced withfabric or scrim.5. Chemical Composition5.1 The geomembrane shall be formulated from virginflexible polypropylene, in amounts greater t
12、han 85 %, byweight of the total polymer content. The remaining 15 % shall1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2010. Published October 2010. DOI:1
13、0.1520/D7613-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the specifications Document Summary pageon the ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr
14、Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.be comprised of compatible polymers or pigments or both,stabilizers, and colorants that are suitably compounded tosatisfy the physical requirements in the specification (seePractice D5538 for definitions).NOTE 1The compound s
15、hall not contain postconsumer (PCR) com-ponents containing bitumen or any other ingredients that could interferewith the long-term stability of the geomembrane. No more than 10 %rework resin is allowed for the production of the membrane and shall befully compatible with the parent material.6. Physic
16、al Properties6.1 Each sheet specimen shall meet or exceed the physicalrequirements prescribed in Table 1.6.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering,and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period, whichever isgreater, unless otherwise specified.6.3 The tolerance for temperature conditio
17、ns (aging and soforth) is 62C of the specified temperature, unless otherwisespecified.7. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations7.1 The width and length of the sheet shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier.7.2 The tolerance for both width and length shall be +3 %,-1 %.7.3 The
18、 thickness tolerance shall be +15 %, 10 % ofthickness agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier, but in nocase shall the thickness be less than the minimum in Table 1.8. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance8.1 The sheet, including factory seams, if present, shall bewatertight and free of pinholes, par
19、ticles of foreign matter,protruding fibers or reinforcement, undispersed raw material,nicks and cuts, voids, thin areas, delaminations, or othermanufacturing defects that might adversely affect serviceabil-ity.9. Test Methods9.1 DimensionsTest Methods D751, after permitting thesheet to relax at 23C
20、for 1 h.9.2 ThicknessTest Method D5199 for reinforced and non-reinforced.9.3 Thickness of Coating Over Scrim (ReinforcingFabric)Optical method described in Annex A1.9.4 Breaking StrengthTest Method D7004.9.5 Tensile StrengthTest Method D6693.9.6 Elongation at BreakTest Method D7004.9.7 Ultimate Elon
21、gation %Test Method D6693.9.8 Tearing StrengthTest Method D5884 for reinforced.9.9 Tear ResistanceTest Method D1004 for nonrein-forced.9.10 Low-Temperature BendTest Method D2136 at-40C.9.11 Heat AgingTest Method D573. Age sheet specimensfor 670 h at 116C. Specimens are then cut from the aged sheetfo
22、r testing of breaking strength, elongation, and tearingstrength. After exposure, the sheet specimens shall be removedfrom the oven; specimens cut from the aged sheet for testing ofbreaking strength, elongation, and tearing strength; andwrapped around a 75 mm diameter mandrel.9.11.1 A specimen is rat
23、ed “pass” if no cracks or crazing isobserved using a 103 magnification.9.12 Linear Dimensional ChangeTest Method D1204.Age specimen for6hat70C or1hat100C.9.13 Puncture ResistanceTest Method D48339.14 Ply Adhesion StrengthTest Method D6636.9.15 Weather ResistanceAccelerated weathering testsshall be p
24、erformed using exposures described in either 9.15.1.1or 9.15.1.2. Refer to Practices G151 for guidance regardinglaboratory weathering. Choice of type of exposure shall be bymutual agreement among the interested parties. The twodifferent types of exposure may produce different test results.TABLE 1 Ph
25、ysical RequirementsPhysical Requirements Method fPP-R fPPThickness, lowest individual reading, Reinforced D5199 0.82 mmThickness over scrim Annex A1 0.305 mmThickness, lowest individual reading, non-reinforced D5199 0.68 mmBreaking strength, minimum D7004 980 NTensile strength, kN/m D6693 10.5 kN/mE
26、longation at break, minimum % D7004 15 %Ultimate elongation % D6693 700 %Tearing strength, minimum D5884 244 NTear resistance, minimum D1004 45 NLow-temperature bend D2136 -40C -40CProperties after heat aging geomembrane; geosynthetic;landfill; pond liner; reservoir; thermoplastic olefin; thermoplas
27、-tic polyolefin; TPO; water containment membraneD7613 103ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. OPTICAL METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS OF COATING OVER SCRIM (REINFORCING FABRIC)FOR REINFORCED GEOMEMBRANEA1.1 ScopeThis method measures the thickness of thecoating over reinforcing fabric.A1.2 Measurement
28、 MethodA1.2.1 PrincipleThe thickness of coating material overfiber, fabric, or scrim can be observed with a standardreflectance microscope. Measurement is made with a calibratedeyepiece.A1.2.2 Apparatus:A1.2.2.1 Microscope,603 with reticle.A1.2.2.2 Light Source, If light source on the microscope isn
29、ot adequate, use a small high- intensity lamp.A1.2.2.3 Stage Micrometre, 0.0254 mm divisions.A1.2.3 Calibration Procedure:A1.2.3.1 Place a standard reflectance stage micrometre inplace of the specimen.A1.2.3.2 Turn on the microscope light source.A1.2.3.3 Position the reticle eyepiece and the microme
30、tresuch that the scales are superimposed. Focus the reticle byturning the eyepiece. Focus the specimen and reticle by turningthe vertical adjustment knob.A1.2.3.4 Locate a point at which both scales line up. Countthe number of micrometre divisions away. Measure to thenearest 0.0125 mm. The calibrati
31、on may be optimized byincreasing the number of divisions measured.A1.2.3.5 Repeat the calibration three times and average theresults. A calibration example is given in A1.2.3.6.A1.2.3.6 If four reticle divisions (RD) are found equal to 4.5m divisions (MD), then:1RD! 5 4.5/4 MD! or 1 RD! 5 1.125MD! (
32、A1.1)A1.2.3.7 Since 1 micrometre division is also equal to25.4 m, therefore, 1(RD) = 28.6 m or the calibration factorA1.2.4 Specimen Analysis:A1.2.4.1 Carefully center a sharp single-edge razor orequivalent over the fiber intersections along the x-x axis.A1.2.4.2 Make a clean bias cut completely thr
33、ough thesheet.A1.2.4.3 Remove the razor-cut section and mount in com-mon putty with the cut surface facing upward.A1.2.4.4 Observe the cut surface with the eyepiece reticle.Measure the thickness of the coating on either side of thethread intersection by counting the number of reticle divisions(to th
34、e nearest one-half division).A1.2.4.5 Sample three areas of the coatings and average theresults.A1.3 Calculation and ReportA1.3.1 Multiply the number or reticle divisions representingthe thickness of the coating by the calibration factor. Report theaverage results from the three areas of the coating
35、 to the nearest12.7 m.A1.4 Precision and BiasA1.4.1 PrecisionMeasurements are accurate to 612.7 mwhen the thickness is about 0.05 mm.A1.4.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for measuring coating thick-ness, no statement on bias is being made.ASTM Int
36、ernational takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirel
37、y their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand sh
38、ould be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on St
39、andards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D7613 104
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