1、Designation: D7613 10D7613 17Standard Specification forFlexible Polypropylene Reinforced (fPP-R) andNonreinforced (fPP) Geomembranes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7613; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible polypropylene reinforced (fPP-R) and nonreinforced (fPP) geome
3、mbranes made fromflexible polypropylene as the principal polymer prepared by the polymerization of propylene with or without other alpha olefinmonomers.1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality. In-place systemdesign criteria, such
4、 as field-seaming strength and material compatibility, among others, are factors that should be considered butare beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard doe
5、s not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was de
6、veloped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Docu
7、ments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an Air OvenD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and SheetingD1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermo
8、plastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated TemperatureD2136 Test Method for Coated FabricsLow-Temperature Bend TestD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related ProductsD5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of GeosyntheticsD5
9、538 Practice for Thermoplastic ElastomersTerminology and AbbreviationsD5884 Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced GeomembranesD6636 Test Method for Determination of Ply Adhesion Strength of Reinforced GeomembranesD6693 Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of
10、 Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible Polypro-pylene GeomembranesD7004 Test Method for Grab Tensile Properties of Reinforced GeomembranesG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG154 Practice for Operating Fluoresc
11、ent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminologies D883 and D4439 and Practice D5
12、538.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2010July 1, 2017. Published October 2010July 2017. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition a
13、pproved in 2010 asD7613 10. DOI: 10.1520/D7613-10.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the specifications Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This d
14、ocument is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions
15、as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The sheet shall be cap
16、able of being heat welded, fused, or adhesively bonded to itself for making watertight field splicesand repairs.4.2 Geomembrane can be nonreinforced or reinforced with fabric or scrim.5. Chemical Composition5.1 The geomembrane shall be formulated from virgin flexible polypropylene, in amounts greate
17、r than 85 %, by weight of thetotal polymer content. The remaining 15 % shall be comprised of compatible polymers or pigments or both,(or both), stabilizers,and colorants that are suitably compounded to satisfy the physical requirements in the specification (see Practice D5538 fordefinitions).NOTE 1T
18、he compound shall not contain postconsumer (PCR) components containing bitumen or any other ingredients that could interfere with thelong-term stability of the geomembrane. No more than 10 % rework resin is allowed for the production of the membrane and shall be fully compatiblewith the parent mater
19、ial.6. Physical Properties6.1 Each sheet specimen shall meet or exceed the physicalproperty requirements prescribed in Table 1. (fPP-R) or Table 2 (fPP).6.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering, and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period, whichever is greater,unless otherwise spe
20、cified.TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsPhysical Requirements Method fPP-R fPPThickness, lowest individual reading, Reinforced D5199 0.82 mmThickness over scrim Annex A1 0.305 mmThickness, lowest individual reading, non-reinforcedD5199 0.68 mmBreaking strength, minimum 980 NTensile strength, kN/m 10.5 k
21、N/mElongation at break, minimum % D7004 15 %Ultimate elongation % D6693 700 %Tearing strength, minimum D5884 244 NTear resistance, minimum D1004 45 NLow-temperature bend -40C -40CProperties after heat aging specimens cut from the aged sheet for testing of breaking strength, elongation, and tearing s
22、trength; and wrapped around a 75 mmdiameter mandrel. for reinforced and nonreinforced.9.11.1 Age sheet specimens for 670 h at 116 C.9.11.2 After exposure, remove the sheet specimens from the oven.9.11.3 Specimens are then cut from the aged sheet for testing of breaking or tensile strength, elongatio
23、n at break or ultimateelongation, and tearing strength or resistance.9.11.4 Specimens are then wrapped around a 75-mm diameter mandrel.9.11.5 The specimens shall then be inspected for cracks or crazing at 10 magnification and be tested for breaking or tensilestrength, elongation at break or ultimate
24、 elongation, and tearing strength or resistance, for reinforced or nonreinforced materials,respectively.9.11.6 A specimen is rated “pass” if no cracks or crazing is observed using a 10 magnification.magnification and it meets theminimum property requirements prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2 for heat
25、 aging and weathering.TABLE 2 Property Requirements for Flexible Polypropylene Nonreinforced (fPP)Property Requirements Method Nominal Thickness, mm in.0.76 0.030 1.02 0.040 1.52 0.060Thickness, minimum average, mm in. D5199 0.68 0.027 0.90 0.035 1.35 0.054Tensile strength, minimum, kN/m lbf/in. D66
26、93 10.5 60 10.5 60 17 96Ultimate elongation, minimum, % D6693 700 600 600Tear resistance, minimum, N lbf D1004 44 10 44 10 80 18Low-temperature bend, C F D2136 40 40 40 40 40 40Properties after heat aging geomembrane; geosynthetic; landfill; pond liner; reservoir; thermoplastic olefin; thermoplastic
27、polyolefin; TPO; water containment membraneANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. OPTICAL METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS OF COATING OVER SCRIM (REINFORCING FABRIC)FOR REINFORCED GEOMEMBRANEA1.1 ScopeThis method measures the thickness of the coating over reinforcing fabric.A1.2 Measurement MethodA1.2.1
28、 PrincipleThe thickness of coating material over fiber, fabric, or scrim can be observed with a standard reflectancemicroscope. Measurement is made with a calibrated eyepiece.A1.2.2 Apparatus:A1.2.2.1 Microscope, 60 with reticle.A1.2.2.2 Light Source, Ifif light source on the microscope is not adequ
29、ate, use a small high- intensity high-intensity lamp.A1.2.2.3 Stage Micrometre, 0.0254 mm 0.0254-mm divisions.A1.2.3 Calibration Procedure:A1.2.3.1 Place a standard reflectance stage micrometre in place of the specimen.D7613 175A1.2.3.2 Turn on the microscope light source.A1.2.3.3 Position the retic
30、le eyepiece and the micrometre such that the scales are superimposed. Focus the reticle by turning theeyepiece. Focus the specimen and reticle by turning the vertical adjustment knob.A1.2.3.4 Locate a point at which both scales line up. Count the number of micrometre divisions away. Measure to the n
31、earest0.0125 mm. The calibration may be optimized by increasing the number of divisions measured.A1.2.3.5 Repeat the calibration three times and average the results. A calibration example is given in A1.2.3.6.A1.2.3.6 If four reticle divisions (RD) are found equal to 4.5 mmicrometre divisions (MD),
32、then:1RD! 54.5/4MD! or 1RD! 51.125MD! (A1.1)A1.2.3.7 Since 1one micrometre division is also equal to 25.4 m, therefore, 1(RD) = 28.6 m or the calibration factorA1.2.4 Specimen Analysis:A1.2.4.1 Carefully center a sharp single-edge razor or equivalent over the fiber intersections along the x-xxx axis
33、.A1.2.4.2 Make a clean bias cut completely through the sheet.A1.2.4.3 Remove the razor-cut section and mount in common putty with the cut surface facing upward.A1.2.4.4 Observe the cut surface with the eyepiece reticle. Measure the thickness of the coating on either side of the threadintersection by
34、 counting the number of reticle divisions (to the nearest one-half division).A1.2.4.5 Sample three areas of the coatings and average the results.A1.3 Calculation and ReportA1.3.1 Multiply the number or reticle divisions representing the thickness of the coating by the calibration factor. Report thea
35、verage results from the three areas of the coating to the nearest 12.7 m.A1.4 Precision and BiasA1.4.1 PrecisionMeasurements are accurate to 612.7 m when the thickness is about 0.05 mm.A1.4.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for measuring coating th
36、ickness, nostatement on bias is being made.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and
37、the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision
38、of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shoul
39、dmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtain
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