1、Designation: D7618 13 (Reapproved 2017) An American National StandardStandard Specification forEthyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with AviationSpark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7618; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for fuel
3、gradeethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) that may be used for blendingwith fuels for aviation spark-ignition engines where permis-sible. Other ETBE grades available in the marketplace that donot comply with the requirements of this specification, are notsuitable for blending with aviation fuels.1.2 Th
4、e values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
5、te safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internati
6、onal Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Pet
7、roleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity
8、 of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4177 Practice for Automatic
9、Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD7796 Test Method for Analysis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether(ETBE) by Gas ChromatographyE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE300 Practice for
10、 Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ethanol, nchemical compound C2H5OH.3.1.2 methanol, nchemical compound CH3OH.3.1.3 ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE), nchemical com-pound CH3CH2OC(CH3
11、)3.3.1.4 tertiary-butyl alcohol (TBA), nchemical compound(CH3)3COH.3.1.5 methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), nchemical com-pound CH3OC(CH3)3.3.1.6 oxygenate, noxygen-containing ashless, organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asa fuel or fuel supplement.4. Detailed Requiremen
12、ts4.1 ETBE that may be used for blending with fuels foraviation spark-ignition engines shall conform to the require-ments of Table 1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee
13、D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7618 13. DOI: 10.1520/D7618-13R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM C
14、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was de
15、veloped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15. Workmanship5.
16、1 The ETBE shall be visually free of undissolved water,sediment, and suspended matter. It shall be clear and bright atthe ambient temperature or 21 C, whichever is lower.5.2 The specification defines only a basic purity for thisproduct. The product shall be free of any adulterant orcontaminant that
17、could render the material unacceptable for theintended application.6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling6.1 The user is strongly advised to review all intended testmethods prior to sampling in order to understand the impor-tance and effects of sampling technique, proper containers, andspecial
18、 handling required for each test method.6.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtain asample representative of the lot intended to be tested. Use ofappropriate procedures in Practice D4057 or Practice E300 formanual method sampling and in Practice D4177 for automaticmethod sampling as appl
19、icable.6.3 The correct sample volume and appropriate containerselection are important decisions that can impact test results.Refer to Practice D5854 for procedures on container selectionand sample mixing and handling. Where practical, ETBEshould be sampled in glass containers. If samples must becoll
20、ected in metal containers, do not use soldered metalcontainers. This is because the soldering flux in the containersand the lead in the solder can contaminate the samples. Plasticcontainers should be avoided.6.4 Sample SizeAminimum of about 2 Lis recommended.7. Test Methods7.1 The scopes of some of
21、the test methods specified belowdo not include ETBE, thus the precision of those test methodswhen testing ETBE can differ from the reported precisions.7.2 ETBE, mass %Test Method D7796.7.3 Ethanol, mass %Test Method D7796.7.4 Methanol, mass %Test Method D7796.7.5 Water, mass %Test Method E1064 or E2
22、03.7.6 Copper Strip CorrosionTest Method D130,2hat100 C.7.7 AppearanceTest Method D4176, Procedure 1.7.8 Color, SayboltTest Method D156.7.9 Existent Gum ContentTest Method D381, air-jet ap-paratus.7.10 Density at 15 C, kg/LTest Method D1298 or D4052.8. Keywords8.1 aviation spark-ignition engine fuel
23、; blending; corrosion;ETBE; ethanol; ethyl tertiary-butyl ether; impurities; metha-nol; water contentTABLE 1 Detailed RequirementsProperty Limits ASTM Test MethodAEthyl tertiary-butyl ether, % by mass, min. 95.0 D7796Ethanol, % by mass, max. 1.5 D7796Methanol, % by mass, max. 0.3 D7796Tertiary-butyl
24、 alcohol, % by mass, max 1.5 D7796Methyl tertiary-butyl ether, % by mass, max. 2.0 D7796C2-C4Oxygenates,B% by mass, max. 1.5 D7796C4-C6Hydrocarbons,C% by mass, max. 1.5 D7796C8-C10Hydrocarbons,D% by mass, max. 2.0 D7796Unidentified hydrocarbons, % by mass, max. 1.0 D7796Water, % by mass, max. 0.1 E1
25、064 or E203Copper strip corrosion, max. 1 D130Appearance Clear and bright D4176Color, Saybolt, min. + 16 D156Existent gum content, mg/100 mL, max. 5.0 D381Density at 15 C, kg/L 0.735 to 0.755 D1298 or D4052AThe test methods indicated in this table are referred to in Section 7.BOxygenates, excluding
26、alcohols, of combined concentrations of diethyl anddimethyl ethers, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.CCombined concentrations of isopentane, pentane, and hexane paraffins, andisobutylene olefin.DCombined concentrations of C8isobutylene dimers mainly derived from thedimerization of C4-C5compounds, and
27、 isooctane.D7618 13 (2017)2APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTM SPECIFICATION FOR ETBE FOR BLENDING WITH AVIATION SPARK-IGNITION ENGINEFUELX1.1 GeneralX1.1.1 ETBE may be used as a blending component forcertain aviation spark ignition engine fuel, if listed as anapproved blendin
28、g component in the specification for thataviation fuel. The performance requirements of this specifica-tion were established to help ensure that the addition (inappropriate amounts) of ETBE as described in this specifica-tion would not be detrimental to the properties of the fuelblend.X1.2 Ethyl Ter
29、tiary Butyl Ether PurityX1.2.1 The ETBE minimum purity level limits the quanti-ties of contaminants. Laboratory analyses and engine testsperformed with distinct neat ETBE products, revealed thathigher purities (higher ETBE content) yielded correspondinghigher knock performance characteristics, and s
30、ome organiccompounds other than ETBE can adversely affect other prop-erties of finished fuel blends.X1.3 Ethanol ContentX1.3.1 Ethanol is one of the reactants in the production ofETBE and is a potential contaminant. Ethanol contributes tovapor pressure increase, reduced knock performance, adverseimp
31、act on water reaction tests of the finished fuel, and whenused in conjunction with Specification D4171 Type II isopro-panol icing inhibitor additive, it could cause corrosion ofmetallic fuel system components and/or degradation of elasto-meric components.X1.4 Methanol ContentX1.4.1 Methanol is repor
32、tedly used by some technologies inthe last stage of the etherification process to increase theconversion. As a potential contaminant, methanol contributesto vapor pressure increase and could cause corrosion ofmetallic fuel system components, and/or degradation of elas-tomeric components.X1.5 Tertiar
33、y-butyl Alcohol ContentX1.5.1 As a potential contaminant, TBA exhibits solventcharacteristics and an adverse impact on water reaction tests ofthe finished fuel, and when used in conjunction with Specifi-cation D4171 Type II isopropanol icing inhibitor additive, itcould cause corrosion of metallic fu
34、el system componentsand/or degradation of elastomeric components.X1.6 Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether ContentX1.6.1 Concentrations under 1.0 % MTBE have been rou-tinely reported on finished product, however, extensive testingon aviation engines and fuel systems materials compatibilitytests revealed no p
35、roblems with gasoline blends exhibitingMTBE mass concentrations exceeding 15 %.X1.7 C2-C4Oxygenates ContentX1.7.1 The combined C2-C4oxygenate concentrations ofdiethyl and dimethyl ethers, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone,are limited to control the volatility impact of the ethers and thesolvency chara
36、cteristics of the ketones.X1.8 C4-C6Hydrocarbons ContentX1.8.1 Combined C4-C6hydrocarbon concentrations ofisopentane, pentane, isobutylene and hexane, are mostly stablecomponents found in gasoline.X1.9 C8-C10Hydrocarbon ContentX1.9.1 Combined concentrations of both C8 isobutylenedimers mainly derive
37、d from the dimerization of C4-C5compounds, and isooctane, while common hydrocarbon com-ponents in gasoline, must be limited due to their low storagestability characteristics.X1.10 Unidentified Hydrocarbons ContentX1.10.1 Combined unidentified hydrocarbons are mainlyhydrocarbon - type compounds, such
38、 as 2,3 dimethyl-pentaneor 2,4 dimethyl-pentane, or possibly oxygenates but as thename suggests, they are unrecognized in the gas chromato-graphic analyses.X1.11 Water ContentX1.11.1 Blends of ETBE and hydrocarbon gasoline have alimited solvency for water. This solvency varies with thechemical compo
39、sition, temperature, and ETBE content of thefuel. Excess water (which may be soluble in the ETBE) maynot be soluble in the gasoline-ETBE blend resulting in a hazyfuel, and may compromise the fuel system icing preventionfeatures.X1.12 Copper Strip CorrosionX1.12.1 Fuels must pass the copper strip cor
40、rosion test tominimize corrosion in fuel systems due to sulfur compounds inthe fuel. This limit is included to ensure that the ETBE does notcontribute to copper corrosion.X1.13 AppearanceX1.13.1 ETBE, as covered by this specification, is a rela-tively pure material. Suspended materials, sediments, o
41、r con-taminants in the ETBE which cause a cloudy or coloredappearance may adversely affect the performance of thefinished fuel blend in aviation spark-ignition engines. Also acloudy or colored appearance may indicate excessive water orcontamination by materials not measured by this specification.X1.
42、14 ColorX1.14.1 The color of a product may serve as an indicationof possible contamination with another product.D7618 13 (2017)3X1.15 Existent Gum ContentX1.15.1 The test for existent gum content measures theamount of residue after evaporation of the fuel componentwithout any further treatment. The
43、limit is included to indicatecontamination before ETBE is blended to gasoline.X1.15.2 Because the precision statements for Test MethodD381 were developed using only data on hydrocarbons, theymay not be applicable to ETBE.X1.16 DensityX1.16.1 Determination of the density of this product isnecessary f
44、or the conversion of measured volumes to volumesat the standard temperature of 15 C.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the
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48、ple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 13 (2017)4
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