ASTM D7619-2017 red 4375 Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels by Automatic Particle Counter《利用自动颗粒计数器对轻质中间馏出燃料中的粒子进行尺寸测定和计数的标.pdf

1、Designation: D7619 12bD7619 17Standard Test Method forSizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle DistillateFuels, by Automatic Particle Counter1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7619; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption

2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method uses a specific automatic particle counter2 (APC) to count

3、and measure the size of dispersed dirt particles,water droplets and other particles, in light and middle distillate fuel, and bio fuels such as biodiesel and biodiesel blends, in theoverall range from 4 m(c) to 100 m(c) 4 m(c) to 100 m(c) and in the size bands 4 m(c), 6 m(c), and 14 m(c). 4 m(c),6 m

4、(c), and 14 m(c).NOTE 1ASTM and military specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method include Specifications: D975 grades 1D and 2D, D1655,D3699, D4814 (see 14.1.1.1), D6751, D7467, distillate grades of D396 and D2880, MIL-DTL-83133, and MIL-DTL-16884.NOTE 2For the purposes of th

5、is test method, water droplets are counted as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and counted as a singlelarger particle. Dirt includes biological particles. Although the projected area of a particle is measured, this is expressed as the diameter of a sphere forthe purposes of this te

6、st method.NOTE 3The notation (c), used with particle sizes, is used to denote that the apparatus has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. Strictly thisonly applies to particles up to 50 m. 50 m.NOTE 4This test method may be used for particle sizes bands up to 100 m(c), 100 m(c), however the

7、 precision has only been determined for thesize bands 4 m(c), 6 m(c), and 14 m(c). 4 m(c), 6 m(c), and 14 m(c). All measurements are per mL.millilitre.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does

8、not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was deve

9、loped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Docume

10、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:3D396 Specification for Fuel OilsD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3699 Specification for KerosineD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177 Practic

11、e for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for

12、 Petroleum Products and LubricantsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stabi

13、lity and Cleanlinesson Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012July 1, 2017. Published March 2013July 2017. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asD7619D7619 12b.12a. DOI: 10.1520/D7619-12B.10.1520/D7619-17.2 The so

14、le source of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is SETA-AvCount, available from Stanhope-Seta, London Street, Chertsey, Surrey KT16 8AP UK.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful c

15、onsideration of a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary

16、 page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends th

17、at users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West

18、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:4ADJ6300 D2PP Determination of Precision and Bias data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products2.3 ISO Standards:5ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid PowerCalibration of Autom

19、atic Particle Counters for LiquidsISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluidsMethod for Coding Level of Contamination by Solid ParticlesISO 12103-A1 Specification for Ultra Fine Test Dust (UFTD)ISO 12103-A3 Specification for Medium Test Dust (MTD)2.4 U.S. Dept. of Defense Specifications:6MIL-DTL-83133 Turb

20、ine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type, JP-8 (NATO F-34), NATO F-35, and JP-8+100 (NATO F-37)MIL-DTL-16884 Fuel, Naval Distillate2.5 Energy Institute Standard:7IP 565 Determination of the level of cleanliness of aviation turbine fuelPortable automatic particle counter method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions

21、of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 particles, nsolid particles and dispersed water droplets which are detected and counted by this test method.3.1.2 particle count, nthe sum of the number of solid particles and dispersed water droplets.3.1.3 particle size, m(c), nthe projected area equivalent

22、diameter of spherical particles passing through the detecting cell inaccordance with ISO 11171.3.1.4 particle size cumulative count, nthe total number of particles per mL, in size bands, 4 m(c), 6 m(c), and 14m(c),4 m(c), 6 m(c), and 14 m(c),3.1.4.1 DiscussionAutomatic particle counters may also cou

23、nt the total number of particles per mL, in size bands, in addition to those in 3.1.4, upto 100 m.100 m.3.1.5 ISO Codes, na standard method for coding the level of contamination by particles.3.1.5.1 DiscussionResults are expressed by ISO Codes as specified by ISO 4406. These codes are written in the

24、 form of x/y/z, where x, y and z areISO Codes equivalent to the cumulative counts, per mL, for particle size bands 4 m(c), 6 m(c), and 14 m(c) 4 m(c),6 m(c), and 14 m(c) respectively. An example of this is given in Appendix X1.NOTE 5All particle counts are per mL.millilitre.3.1.6 coincidence error l

25、imit, nthe highest concentration of ISO ultrafine test dust (ISO 12103-A1 or ISO UFTD) that can becounted with an automatic particle counter with less than 5 % error resulting from the presence of more than one particle in thesensor/laser optical path at a time.3.1.7 test specimen, nan aliquot of th

26、e test sample. (See Section 10.)4. Summary of Test Method24.1 The optical measurement cell comprises a light source and an optical sensor. The principle of operation is the measurementof laser light obscuration. Particles/droplets entrained within the test specimen cast shadows on the optical sensor

27、 causing areduction of the output voltage of the sensor. The voltage drop is a function of the particle/droplet size. Each detected particle iscounted, sized and recorded. Upon completion of the test the software calculates and displays the number of obscuration eventsfor each of the predetermined s

28、ize bands.4.2 The test specimen is mixed in its container to suspend the particles. Upon initiation of a test, the automatic particle counter(APC) draws the test specimen directly from a test specimen container (see Fig. A1.1). The test sequence commences by flushingthe optical measurement cell and

29、pipework with 30 mL 30 mL of the test specimen. This is immediately followed by the test ofa 10 mL 10 mL test specimen where particles in each of the specified size bands are counted. This flushing and measurement is4 Out of print.5 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W.

30、43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6 Copies of these documents are available online at https:/assist.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or http:/ or from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.7 Available from Energy Institute,

31、 61 New Cavendish St., London, W1G 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.D7619 172then repeated. If the size band 4 m(c), 4 m(c), per mL, measurements agree within either 10 % or 200 counts, themeasurements for each of the size bands are averaged for each size band to give results, per mL, for each si

32、ze band.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field for evaluating the cleanliness of distillate fuels, andliquid bio fuels. It is not applicable to on or in-line applications.5.2 This test method offers advantage over traditional filtration meth

33、ods in that it is a precise rapid test, and advantage overvisual methods as it is not subjective.5.3 An increase in particle counts can indicate a change in the fuel condition caused by storage or transfer for example.5.4 High levels of particles can cause filter blockages and have a serious impact

34、on the life of pumps, injectors, pistons and othermoving parts. Knowledge of particle size in relation to the metallurgy can provide vital information especially if the hardness ofparticles is also known from other sources.5.5 This test method specifies a minimum requirement for reporting measuremen

35、ts in particle size bands (see A1.1.2). Somespecific applications may require measurements in other particle size bands.5.6 Obtaining a representative sample and following the recommended sample and test specimen preparation procedures andtimescales is particularly important with particle counting m

36、ethods. (See Sections 8, 10, 14.1.4 and Note 8.)5.7 This test method can also be used to estimate the total particulate counts excluding free water droplets in aviation turbinefuels by a chemical pretreatment of the fuel. See Appendix X2.6. Apparatus6.1 Automatic Particle Counter (APC)2Operating on

37、the laser light obscuration principle, comprising an optical measurementcell, bi-directional double pump, electronics and software to analyze the test specimen, and display and print the particlemeasurement data. (See Annex A1.)6.2 Test Specimen Container, cylindrical, made of glass or other suitabl

38、e material, of at least 125 mL 125 mL volume withprovision for holding the test specimen input tube at least 10 mm above the bottom of the container, and a cap with a suitable inertinternal seal.NOTE 6It is recommended that glass test specimen containers should be used to avoid any potential problem

39、s with particles adhering to the insidesof the containers due to static electricity that could occur with some samples or some specimen containers.6.3 Waste Container, for collecting the tested test specimen.6.4 Filter Apparatus, general purpose for filtering heptane or other solvents.6.4.1 Filters,

40、 cellulose, glass fiber or polycarbonate 0.45 m.6.5 Printer, to record details of the measurements and results.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Verification and Calibration Fluids8Containing ISO Medium Test Dust (MTD) as specified in specification ISO12103-A3.7.2 HeptaneReagent grade filtered down to 0.

41、45 m.0.45 m.7.2.1 Prepare the heptane by filtering through a 0.45 m 0.45 m filter (see 6.4.1) contained in a filter apparatus (see 6.4) See10.2.1. Store in a container prepared in accordance with 10.2. (Warning Extremely flammable, health hazard.)8. Sampling8.1 Unless otherwise specified, take a sam

42、ple of at least 100 mL 100 mL in accordance with Practices D4057, D5854, D4177,or other comparable sampling practices.8.2 It is essential to take a representative sample, but avoid power mixing as this can modify the particles, break upagglomerated particles and entrain air. (See 14.1.4 and 10.1.2.)

43、8.3 Use sample containers that are capable of transporting the sample without contamination. Examples of these are fullyepoxy-lined metal or amber colored glass containers with a threaded cap, fitted with an inert liner, forming a seal with the container.8.4 Prior to taking the sample, rinse the sam

44、ple containers with the product to be sampled at least three times. Each rinse shalluse product equal to 1010 % to 20 % of the container volume. A rinse shall include closing and shaking the container for aminimum of 5 s 5 s and then draining the product.8 The sole source of verification and calibra

45、tion fluids known to the committee at this time is Stanhope-Seta, London Street, Chertsey, Surrey KT16 8AP UK. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration of a meeting of theresponsible

46、 technical committee,1 which you may attend.D7619 1738.5 Do not fill the sample container more than 90 % full. Overfilling affects the preparation of the test specimen as specifiedin 10.1.8.6 Ensure that any aliquots or sub-division of the sample results in representative samples being taken and rem

47、aining in theoriginal sample container. 10.1.2 and 10.1 recommend suitable procedures regarding this particle counting test method.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Ensure that the APC2 is set up according to the instrument manufacturers operating instructions and the verification andcalibration requir

48、ements stated in both Section 11 and A1.1.4.9.2 Ensure that the mode of operation, specified for this test method by the manufacturer, is selected.9.3 Clean the outside of the test specimen input tube before each test sequence, by washing the outside in clean heptane oranother filtered solvent.9.4 A

49、t the start of any daily testing regime, initiate a test sequence using filtered heptane.9.5 If a test specimen is tested that has a 4 m(c) 4 m(c) measurement of over 20 000 particles per mL, perform a completetest sequence (two flushes and two measurements as shown in Section 12) using filtered heptane to clean and flush themeasurement cell and the inside of the connecting tubing before testing other test specimens.10. Test Specimen Preparation10.1 Gently shake