1、Designation: D7707 11 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Specification forWipe Sampling Materials for Beryllium in Surface Dust1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7707; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for premoistenedwipe materials that are used to collect settled dusts on
3、 surfacesfor the subsequent determination of beryllium.1.2 For wipe materials used for the determination of lead insurface dust, refer to Specification E1792. This is mentioned toinsure that users of wipes recognize that there is somerelationship between wipes and the analyte of interest.1.3 The val
4、ues stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This specification contains notes that are explanatoryand are not part of the mandatory requirements of the specifi-cation.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafe
5、ty concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sa
6、mpling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD6966 Practice for Collection of Settled Dust SamplesUsing Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determi-nation of MetalsD7035 Test Method for Determination of Metals and Met-alloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrome
7、try (ICP-AES)D7202 Test Method for Determination of Beryllium in theWorkplace by Extraction and Optical Fluorescence Detec-tionD7439 Test Method for Determination of Elements in Air-borne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass SpectrometryE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Mate
8、rialsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spe
9、c-trometry (GFAAS) TechniquesE1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Leadin Surface Dust3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of pertinent terms not listed here, seeTerminology D1356.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 lot, na finite quantity of a given product manufac-t
10、ured under production conditions that are considered uniform.3.2.2 standard beryllium test method, nas used in thisspecification, any of the following test methods: D7035,D7202, D7439, the graphite furnace atomic absorption tech-nique in Test Method E1613, or a equivalent test method issuedby a nati
11、onal or international consensus standard organization.3.2.3 wipe, na disposable towellette that is premoistenedwith an acceptable agent.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe towellette is used to collect asample of settled dust on a surface for subsequent berylliumanalysis.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specificat
12、ion is intended for use by manufacturersand suppliers to evaluate the performance of wipe samplingmaterials for beryllium in surface dust.4.2 This specification may also be employed by users ofwipes to compare the performance of candidate wipes for thesampling of beryllium in surface dust.1This spec
13、ification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace AirQuality.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7707 11. DOI:1
14、0.1520/D7707-11R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
15、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Manufacture5.1 The wipes shall be made from materials using methodsthat ensure compliance with the requirements of Sections 6 and8, and shall be clean and free of imperfections that would affecttheir performance.5.2 An expira
16、tion date shall be established based on date ofmanufacture, and shall be marked on each package (see 10.2).The expiration date should not be less than one year from dateof manufacture.6. General Requirements6.1 Wipes shall conform to the requirements in 6.1.1 6.1.8. Test procedures for each requirem
17、ent are found inSection 8.6.1.1 Background BerylliumThe mean background beryl-lium content per wipe shall be less than 0.0005 g.6.1.2 RuggednessWipes shall be sufficiently rugged so asto be capable to be used to wipe a 2000 cm2area (large wipes;see 6.1.4.1(1) or 500 cm2area (small wipes; see 6.1.4.1
18、(2) ofa vinyl or urethane-coated vinyl tile surface without tearing.6.1.3 Moisture ContentEach wipe, when examined, mustbe fully wetted upon removal from the package or container.Wipes shall have a moisture content such that the coefficient ofvariation for a random sampling of the lot of wipes be no
19、greater than 25 % across individually packaged wipes, and25 % within and between multi-packaged wipes.6.1.4 Dimensions:6.1.4.1 The mean area of the wipe shall be either:(1) No smaller than 200 cm2and no larger than 400 cm2with the mean dimension of a side or diameter no smaller than10 cm or larger t
20、han 20 cm (referred to as the “large wipe”); or,(2) No smaller than 16 cm2and no larger than 38 cm2withthe mean dimension of a side or diameter no smaller than 4.0cm or larger than 8.0 cm (referred to as the “small wipe”).NOTE 1Large wipes are intended for use on larger areas (for example,1000 cm2).
21、 Small wipes are intended for use on smaller areas (forexample, 100 cm2).6.1.5 ThicknessDry wipes (wipes without the moisteningagent) shall have a mean thickness of at least 0.005 cm, but nogreater than 0.05 cm (see 8.6).6.1.6 MassThe coefficient of variation in mass of drywipes in a lot shall not e
22、xceed 10 %.6.1.7 Beryllium RecoveriesThe mean beryllium recover-ies from wipes spiked with Certified Reference Materials(CRMs) shall be 100 6 20 % at the 95 % confidence level inaccordance with 8.2.NOTE 2It is not imperative that the wipe be completely dissolvedwhen digested/extracted in accordance
23、with a standard beryllium testmethod to meet the recovery criterion. However, the digestion/extractionsolution that is to be analyzed should be free of suspended particulates andgelatinous material.6.1.8 Collection EffciencyCollection efficiency of an in-dividual wipe, using an initial wipe on a giv
24、en vinyl orurethane-coated vinyl tile test surface, shall be determinedusing a solid beryllium-containing CRM in accordance with8.2. The mass of beryllium-containing material (particulate ordust) loaded per surface area to be sampled shall be0.50 6 0.05 g for the large wipe and 0.050 6 0.005 g for t
25、hesmall wipe. The minimum collection efficiency of at least 95 %of the individual wipes shall be 75 %, as measured against theknown mass of beryllium loaded on the test surface prior towiping (1000 cm2minimum surface area for the large wipe and100 cm2for the small wipe).7. Selection and Handling of
26、Wipes for Testing7.1 Tests described in Section 8 shall be conducted on wipesselected in accordance with the random sampling proceduredescribed in Practice E105, using wipes selected afterpackaging, and representative of each lot.7.2 Wipes shall not be removed from their packages untilimmediately pr
27、ior to testing.8. Procedure8.1 Background and RecoveryRecoverability of berylliumfrom spiked wipes (see 6.1.7) shall be measured in accordancewith a standard beryllium test method. Background berylliumin unspiked wipes (see 6.1.1) shall be measured in accordancewith the same procedure. A minimum of
28、seven samples pereach concentration level (unspiked, 0.020 6 0.002 g,0.10 6 0.02 g, 0.20 6 0.02 g, 1.5 6 0.2 g, 3.0 6 0.2 g,and 6.0 6 0.2 g) shall be tested (see 6.1.1 and 6.1.7), usingwipes randomly selected from each lot in accordance withPractice E105.8.1.1 Compute the mean and coefficient of var
29、iation foreach set of samples. See Practice E691 for details regardingstatistical computations. Compare with the requirements of6.1.1 and 6.1.7.8.2 Collection EffciencyCollection efficiency of beryl-lium shall be measured in the following manner:8.2.1 A delineated area of the vinyl or urethane-coate
30、d tiletest surface (minimum area 1000 cm2for large wipes and 100cm2for small wipes as in 6.1.8) is loaded with a known mass(0.50 6 0.05 g for large wipes and 0.050 6 0.005 g for smallwipes) of CRM particulate or dust (see 6.1.7) and then wipedin accordance with Practice D6966.8.2.2 An equivalent alt
31、ernative procedure consists of manu-ally distributing a known amount (mass) of beryllium-containing CRM uniformly onto the vinyl tile test surface of1000 cm2(large wipe) or 100 cm2(small wipe) minimum area,and then wiping the applicable surface with the appropriatelysized wipe in accordance with Pra
32、ctice D6966.8.2.3 The collection efficiency is determined by comparingthe amount of beryllium collected in the wipe against the totalamount of beryllium loaded onto the area of interest on the testsurface (in accordance with 8.2.1 or 8.2.2). A minimum ofseven wipes, randomly selected from the lot in
33、 accordance withPractice E105, shall be tested for each beryllium level.8.2.4 For the measurement of beryllium content, the wipesshall be digested/extracted and the beryllium content deter-mined in accordance with a standard beryllium test method.Determine the collection efficiency for each wipe and
34、 comparewith the requirements of 6.1.8.8.3 RuggednessUsing the procedure described in PracticeD6966, wipe the vinyl or urethane-coated vinyl tile test surface(see 6.1.2). Examine the wipe for the presence of tears. FollowD7707 11 (2016)2this procedure for a minimum of seven wipes, randomlyselected f
35、rom the lot of wipe material in accordance withPractice E105. If at least 95 % of the wipes tested reveal notears, then the ruggedness test is deemed successful.8.4 Moisture ContentMoisture content (see 6.1.3)ofwipes shall be determined by weighing the wipe before andafter quantitative drying (to th
36、e nearest 0.01 g), and calculatingthe difference. A minimum of seven wipes, randomly selectedfrom the lot in accordance with Practice E105, shall be tested.Calculate the coefficient of variation about the mean value formoisture content and compare with requirements of 6.1.3.8.5 DimensionsDetermine t
37、he linear dimensions of aminimum of seven individual wipes to the nearest 1 mm andcalculate the means and coefficient of variations. Compare withrequirements of 6.1.4.8.6 ThicknessDetermine the thickness of a minimum ofseven individual wipes using a micrometer or other appropriatedevice to the neare
38、st 0.001 cm. Calculate the mean andcoefficient of variation. Compare with requirements of 6.1.5.8.7 MassUsing the data for dry wipes from 8.4, determinethe mass of a minimum of seven individual wipes to the nearest0.1 mg. Calculate the mean and coefficient of variation.Compare with requirement of 6.
39、1.6.9. Retesting9.1 If any of the requirements (6.1.2 6.1.8) are not met,then additional full-sets of testing (6.1.2 6.1.8) is allowed.Alldata obtained from testing conducted for conformance to thisspecification shall be used in determining whether the require-ment has been met.10. Packaging and Pac
40、kage Marking10.1 Wipes shall be wrapped individually to dispense indi-vidual wipes one at a time. Wipes shall be wrapped andpackaged according to trade custom.10.2 Each package or container shall be marked with thesuppliers name, date of manufacture, lot number, and expira-tion date.10.3 The stateme
41、nt “Meets ASTM D7707 for Large Wipes”or “Meets ASTM D7707 for Small Wipes,” as appropriate,shall be marked on individual packaging. Also, on generalpackaging, it shall be stated that the material “Meets ASTMD7707 for Large Wipes” or “Meets ASTM D7707 for SmallWipes,” as appropriate, and that support
42、ing performance dataare available upon request.11. Recordkeeping11.1 All supporting data from tests conducted for each lotshall be kept by the supplier for a minimum of five (5) years.All test information shall be available for release to users ofwipe materials upon request.12. Keywords12.1 berylliu
43、m; surface dust; wipeASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringemen
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