1、Designation: D7717 11 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Practice forPreparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol andGasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7717; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers and provides instructions on mak-ing a volumetr
3、ic blend of denatured fuel ethanol with gasolineblendstocks, such as a reformulated gasoline blendstock foroxygenate blending (RBOB) or a conventional gasoline blend-stock for oxygenate blending (CBOB).1.2 This practice does not preclude the use of automatedvolumetric blending systems.1.3 The values
4、 stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safet
5、y and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Sta
6、ndards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngine FuelD4814 Specificat
7、ion for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol andMethanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20%Ethanol by Gas
8、ChromatographyD5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates inGasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen SelectiveFlame Ionization Detection2.2 Federal Standard:3CFR 40.80 Title 40 Protection of Environment, Chapter1Environmental Protection Agency (continued), Part80Regulation of Fuels and Fuel A
9、dditives, Subpart DReformulated Gasoline3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make itunsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beveragealcohol tax. D48063.1.2 denatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol
10、 made unfit forbeverage use by the addition of denaturants under formula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent theimposition of beverage alcohol tax. D48063.1.3 gasoline, nvolatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons,generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable foruse as
11、a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines.D48143.1.4 gasoline-alcohol blend, nfuel consisting primarilyof gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35 %by mass oxygen or more than 0.15 % by mass oxygen ifmethanol is the only oxygenate) of one or more alcohols.D48143.2 Abbrevi
12、ations:3.2.1 CBOBconventional gasoline blendstock for oxygen-ate blending.3.2.2 RBOBreformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygen-ate blending.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mi
13、ttee D02.04.0A on Preparation of Standard Hydrocarbon Blends.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7717 11. DOI: 10.1520/D7717-11R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcon
14、tact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401
15、, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles
16、for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Summary of Practice4.1 A specific measured volume of denatured fuel ethanol isblended with a gasoline blendstock to achieve a final blend o
17、fa predetermined percentage of denatured fuel ethanol. Theblend shall be prepared with all components and apparatuschilled. The total volume of the blend prepared is dependentupon the volume needed to complete required testing.5. Significance and Use5.1 Typically, denatured fuel ethanol is added to
18、gasolineblendstocks after production. For laboratories to test a samplethat is similar to the finished fuel available in the market, it isimportant to provide a laboratory practice that standardizes thepreparation of a blend of denatured fuel ethanol and gasolineblendstock.5.2 The laboratory blend s
19、hall be prepared volumetrically toyield a fuel similar to that produced for consumer use.5.3 When applicable, blends shall meet requirements ofCFR 40.80, Subpart DReformulated Gasoline.6. Apparatus6.1 Class A glassware is recommended.6.2 Container used to mix blend shall have an appropriateclosure s
20、o as to prevent loss of light ends.7. Procedure7.1 Chill apparatus (see Note 1), samples, denatured fuelethanol, to be used in blending to 0 C to 4 C.NOTE 1Glassware should be sealed to reduce condensation fromforming when chilled.NOTE 2Sample or denatured fuel ethanol temperature may be verifiedby
21、direct temperature measurement of a similar liquid in a similarcontainer placed in the cooling bath or refrigerator at the same time.Alternatively, a laboratory may conduct a temperature-monitoring study todetermine the minimum length of time needed to achieve the temperaturerequirements stated in 7
22、.1, based upon the laboratorys specific operationfor cooling.7.2 Denatured fuel ethanol used shall meet the requirementsof Specification D4806. When available, the denatured fuelethanol to be used in the blend should be the same as that to beused in production.7.3 Determine the ethanol percentage re
23、quired for the finalblend that is needed to meet specification or otherrequirements, for example, a blend containing 10% by volumeof denatured fuel ethanol.7.4 Determine the total volume of the final blend needed tocomplete all necessary testing.7.5 Use Eq 1 to calculate the volume of the denatured
24、fuelethanol to be used in the blend.7.6 When not using a volumetric flask, use Eq 2 to calculatethe volume of the gasoline blendstock to be used in the blend.7.7 Perform the following actions as efficiently as possibleto minimize vapor loss and temperature increase.7.8 Depending on the volume of den
25、atured ethanol neededas determined by Eq 1, measure the volume using the appro-priate pipet, graduated cylinder, or other suitable volumetricmeasuring device.7.9 When using a volumetric flask, add measured denaturedethanol to the volumetric flask and bring up to volume withgasoline blendstock.7.10 W
26、hen not using a volumetric flask and depending onthe volume of the gasoline blendstock needed as determined byEq 2, measure the volume using the appropriate pipet, gradu-ated cylinder, or other suitable volumetric measuring device.7.10.1 Pour a measured volume of denatured ethanol and ameasured volu
27、me of gasoline blendstock into a container ofsuitable size to accommodate the total volume determined in7.4. Funnels may be used to limit sample loss during transferto the final container.7.11 Thoroughly mix the blend. Do not shake vigorously asto do so can negatively impact vapor pressure.7.11.1 Th
28、e blend may be split into smaller aliquots, ifnecessary.7.11.2 The volume percentage of ethanol in the final blendmay be verified if desired by Test Method D5599 or by TestMethod D4815.8. Calculations8.1 To make blends at specific levels, it is necessary tocalculate the volume of each component need
29、ed to achievethese levels. See Appendix X1 for a calculation which accountsfor the purity of the ethanol in the denatured ethanol. Calculatethe ethanol volume as follows:Vde5 %E/100#*Vb(1)where:Vde= volume of denatured ethanol needed for blend, mL,%E = final percentage of denatured ethanol needed in
30、 blend,for example, 10 %, andVb= target volume of final blend, mL.8.2 Calculate gasoline blendstock volume as follows:Vg5 Vb2 Vde(2)Vg= volume of gasoline blendstock needed for blend, mL,Vb= target volume of final blend, mL, andVde= volume of denatured ethanol needed for blend, mL.9. Keywords9.1 den
31、atured fuel ethanol; gasoline blendstocks; volumetricblendsD7717 11 (2017)2APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. GUIDELINES TO CALCULATE ETHANOL VOLUME% WHEN CONSIDERING PURITY OF DENATURED ETHANOLX1.1 CalculationX1.1.1 If the purity of ethanol in the denatured ethanol is tobe considered when target
32、ing a specific volume % of ethanol inthe final blend, use the following calculation to determinevolume of denatured ethanol to be used.Vde5 %E*Vb#/P (X1.1)where:Vde= volume of denatured ethanol needed for blend, mL,%E = percentage of denatured ethanol targeted in blend, forexample, 9.5 % by volume,V
33、b= target volume of final blend, mL, andP = Purity of denatured ethanol, as determined by TestMethod D5501, percent by volume.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are e
34、xpressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not rev
35、ised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you m
36、ay attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United St
37、ates. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 11 (2017)3
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