ASTM D7826-2018a 5000 Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives.pdf

1、Designation: D7826 18a An American National StandardStandard Guide forEvaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New AviationGasoline Additives1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7826; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the

2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for usein research reports for new aviat

3、ion gasolines or new aviationgasoline additives.1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcom-mittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel foruse as an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity,and to make a determination that the proposed properties andcrit

4、eria in the associated standard specification provide thenecessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitabilityduring high-volume production.1.3 These research reports are intended to support thedevelopment and issuance of new specifications or specifica-tion revisions for these products.

5、 Guidance to develop ASTMInternational standard specifications for aviation gasoline isprovided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels OperatingProcedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development andAcceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”1.4 The proc

6、edures, tests, selection of materials, engines,and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industryexpertise to give appropriate data for review. Because of thediversity of aviation hardware and potential variation infuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be encom-passed and further w

7、ork may be required. Therefore, additionaldata beyond that described in this guide may be requested bythe ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02upon review of the specific composition, performance, or othercharacteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.1.5 While it is beyond the scope

8、of this guide, investigationof the future health and environmental impacts of the newaviation gasoline or new aviation gasoline additive and therequirements of environmental agencies is recommended.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.6.1 ExceptionSome industry standard

9、methodologiesutilize imperial units as their primary system (permeability;Table A2.1).1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environme

10、ntal practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,

11、Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD

12、130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-ra

13、tionD395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression SetD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD6

14、64 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Titration1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.J0.02 on Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine

15、Fuels.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapproved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D7826 18. DOI:10.1520/D7826-18A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A

16、nnual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis inter

17、national standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Com

18、mittee.1D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-ing OilsD909 Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-IgnitionAviation GasolineD910 Specification for Leaded Aviation GasolinesD924 Test Method for

19、Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-cal Insulating LiquidsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of InhibitedMineral OilsD1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion

20、Loading (Metal-to-Metal)D1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded RubberD1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1331 Test Me

21、thods for Surface and Interfacial Tension ofSolutions of Paints, Solvents, Solutions of Surface-ActiveAgents, and Related MaterialsD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidCellular PlasticsD2240 Test Method for Rubbe

22、r PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD2344/D2344M Test Method for Short-Beam Strength ofPolymer Matrix Composite Materials andTheir LaminatesD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness

23、 of Rigid Plas-tics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine

24、 FuelD2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids(Withdrawn 2018)3D2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Perchloric Acid TitrationD3339 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Semi-Micro Color Indicator TitrationD3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhe

25、sion by Tape TestD3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD3652 Test Method for Thickness of Pressure-SensitiveTapesD3762 Test Method for Adhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-ity of Aluminum (Wedge Test)D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and AP

26、IGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by

27、 Precision MeterD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5188 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio TemperatureDetermination of Fuels (Evacuated Ch

28、amber and PistonBased Method)D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5762 Test Method for Nitrogen in L

29、iquid Hydrocarbons,Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemi-luminescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6053 Test Method for Determination of Volatile OrganicCompound (VOC) Content of Electrical Insulating Var-nishesD6227 Specific

30、ation for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Con-taining a Non-hydrocarbon ComponentD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationD6424 Practice for Octane Rating NaturallyAspirated SparkIgnition Aircraft EnginesD64

31、69 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6812 Practice for Ground-Based Octane Rating Proceduresfor Turbocharged/Supercharged Spark Ignition AircraftEnginesD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density ofLiquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation ofKinematic Visc

32、osity)D7096 Test Method for Determination of the Boiling RangeDistribution of Gasoline by Wide-Bore Capillary GasChromatographyD7220 Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, andJet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-rayFluorescence SpectrometryD7547 Specification for Hydrocarbon Unlead

33、ed AviationGasolineD7719 Specification for High Aromatic Content UnleadedHydrocarbon Aviation GasolineE659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Chemi-cals3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.D7826 18a2E1259 Practice for Evaluation of Antimicrobia

34、ls in LiquidFuels Boiling Below 390C2.2 EI Standards:4EI 1529 Aviation fuelling hose and hose assembliesEI 1581 Specification and qualification procedures for avia-tion jet fuel filter/separatorsEI 1583 Laboratory tests and minimum performance levelsfor aviation fuel filter monitorsEI 1590 Specifica

35、tions and qualification procedures for avia-tion fuel microfilters2.3 MODUK Standard:5MODUK DEF STAN 80-97 Paint System, for the Interior ofBulk Fuel Tank and Fittings, Multi-Pack2.4 ISO Standards:6ISO 1825 Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for aircraftground fuelling and defuellingSpecificationISO 2

36、0823 Determination of the flammability characteristicsof fluids in contact with hot surfacesManifold ignitiontest2.5 UL Standard:7UL 94 Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Mate-rials for Parts in Devices and Appliances Testing2.6 Federal Standards:8DOT/FAA/AR-03/21 Characterization of In-

37、Plane, Shear-Loaded Adhesive Lap Joints: Experiments and AnalysisDOT/FAA/AR-06/10 Guidelines and Recommended Crite-ria for the Development of a Material Specification forCarbon Fiber/Epoxy Fabric Prepregs14 CFR Part 33:49 Block Tests; Reciprocating AircraftEnginesEndurance TestFed-Std-791 Testing Me

38、thod of Lubricants, Liquid Fuels,and Related ProductsMIL-S-8802 Sealing Compound, Temperature-Resistant, In-tegral Fuel Tanks and Fuel Cell Cavities, High-Adhesion2.7 SAE Standards:9SAEAMS-C-6183 Cork and Rubber Composition Sheet; forAromatic Fuel and Oil Resistant GasketsSAE AS4842 Fittings and Bos

39、ses, Pipe Threaded, FluidConnectionSAE AMS 7276 Rubber: Fluorocarbon (FKM) High-Temperature-Fluid Resistant Low Compression Set forSeals in Fuel systems and Specific Engine Oil Systems2.8 IP Standards:10IP 12 Determination of Specific EnergyIP 15 Determination of Pour PointIP 16 Determination of Fre

40、ezing Point of Aviation fuelsManual MethodIP 69 Determination of Vapour PressureReid MethodIP 71 Transparent and Opaque LiquidsDetermination ofKinematic Viscosity and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ityIP 119 Knock Characteristics of Aviation Gasolines by theSupercharged MethodIP 123 Determination of

41、Distillation Characteristics at At-mospheric PressureIP 138 Determination of Oxidation Stability ofAviation FuelPotential Residue MethodIP 160 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum ProductsLaboratory Determination of Density HydrometerMethodIP 196 Determination of Colour (ASTM scale)IP 219 Determinat

42、ion of Cloud PointIP 236 Determination of Knock Characteristics of Motor andAviation FuelsMotor MethodIP 274 Determination of Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsIP 365 Crude Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsDetermination of DensityOscillating U-tube MethodIP 394 Liquid Petroleum P

43、roductsVapour PressurePart1: Determination of Air Saturated Vapour Pressure(ASVP) and Calculated Dry Vapour Pressure Equivalent(DVPE)IP 435 Determination of the Freezing Point of AviationTurbine Fuels by the Automatic Phase Transition Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, nin aviation

44、gasoline, substance added to abase aviation gasoline in relatively small amounts that eitherenables that base aviation gasoline to meet the applicablespecification properties or does not alter the applicable speci-fication properties of that base aviation gasoline beyondallowable limits.3.1.2 aviati

45、on gasoline, nfuel derived from petroleum ornon-petroleum materials possessing specific properties suitablefor operating aircraft powered by spark-ignition piston engines.3.1.2.1 DiscussionPrincipal properties includecombustion, fluidity, volatility corrosion, stability, watershedding, and detonatio

46、n-free performance in the engine (orengines) for which it is intended. In the context of this guide,the terms “fuel” and “gasoline” are interchangeable.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 critical altitude, nmaximum altitude at which, instandard atmosphere, it is possible to mai

47、ntain at a specificengine revolutions per minute (RPM), a specified power, or aspecified manifold pressure.3.2.1.1 DiscussionUnless otherwise stated, the criticalaltitude is the maximum altitude at which it is possible tomaintain, at the maximum engine RPM, one of the following:(1) The maximum conti

48、nuous power, in the case of enginesfor which this power rating is the same, at sea level and at therated altitude, or4Available from Publications Team, Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St.,London W1G 7AR, UK, http:/www.energyinst.org.5Available from UK Defence Standardization, Kentigern House, Rm.

49、 1138, 65Brown St., Glasgow G2 8EX.6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.7Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,WA 98607-8542, http:/.8Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.9Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.10Available from Energy In