1、Designation: D8038 16Standard Practice forReclamation of Recycled Aggregate Base (RAB) Material1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8038; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers selected aspects for reclamation ofrecycled aggregate base (RAB) material derived from asphaltpavement or concret
3、e. RAB may be called recycled asphaltpavement (RAP) or recycled concrete aggregate (RCA).1.2 This practice is provided related to material quality,material quality control testing, and also operator and facilityqualifications.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard.
4、No other units of measurement are included inthis standard.NOTE 1Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is forinformation only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.4 This standard does not purpo
5、rt to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applicabil-ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions
6、for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunction withprofessional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace the standa
7、rd of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideration ofa projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle means only that the document has been approved throughthe ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Do
8、cuments2.1 ASTM Standards:C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-m (No. 200)Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by WashingC131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the LosAngeles MachineC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
9、AggregatesC535 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the LosAngeles MachineC702 Practice for Reducing Samples ofAggregate to TestingSizeD8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-mentsD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, a
10、nd ContainedFluidsD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD2940 Specification for Graded Aggregate Material ForBases or Subbases for Highways or AirportsD6307 Test Method for Asphalt Content of Asphalt Mixtureby Ignition MethodD6928 Test Method for Resistance of Coarse Aggregate toDegradation by Abrasio
11、n in the Micro-Deval ApparatusE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D653 and D8.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 asphalt/concrete recy
12、cling facility (facility), nthephysical plant (or plants) where disposed asphalt and concreteare received, processed, tested, and stockpiled. This mayinclude separate transfer locations.3.2.2 asphalt/concrete recycling operator (operator), nthecompany or companies that receive disposed asphalt andco
13、ncrete material and transform these materials into a finishedrecycled aggregate product.3.2.3 recycled aggregate base (RAB), naggregate derivedfrom processed/crushed asphalt or concrete pavement or struc-tural concrete.4. Significance and Use4.1 Use of recycled aggregate base has become common-place
14、 in transportation applications.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.14 on Geotechnics ofSustainable Construction.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2016. Published December 2016. DOI:10.1520/D8038-16Copy
15、right ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internati
16、onal Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.2 RAB may be used alone or in mixtures with otheraggregate materials (virgin and/or recycled) in the productionof unbound base course materials.4.3 Quality of RAB is criti
17、cal for successful reuse inpavement base applications. This practice is intended toprovide a common baseline framework for assuring material,operator, and facility quality for production of RAB.5. Material Quality Specifications5.1 GeneralThe material quality specifications are de-signed to ensure t
18、hat the operator and the facility produce aRAB product that meets appropriate, generic quality specifi-cations. Therefore, the limits contained within this ASTMstandard may be considered as minimum quality standards.Individual RAB users and local agencies may make theirindividual RAB specifications
19、more stringent than what isprovided herein to meet local requirements.NOTE 2RAB has an established history of use in construction and isconsidered a nonhazardous recyclable material (after Texas Department ofTransportation, “DMS-11000 Evaluating and Using Nonhazardous Recy-clable Materials Guideline
20、s,” ftp:/ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/DMS/11000_series/pdfs/11000.pdf, 2014) as long as it has not come intocontact with any hazardous materials.5.2 The requirements for as-delivered (that is, incoming)materials are:5.2.1 Only disposed asphalt and concrete free of significantimpurities, de
21、leterious materials such as wood, metal, plaster,rubbery material (for example, tires, carpet pads), glass, andgeosynthetics, and inclusions are admissible for producingrecycled aggregate. The recycled aggregate is derived fromprocessed/crushed asphalt or concrete pavement or structuralconcrete, inc
22、luding reclaimed asphalt, hydraulic cementconcrete, lean concrete base, cement treated base, or naturalaggregates. The recycled aggregate materials shall be clean,hard, sound, durable, and uniform in quality. Overall, allincoming materials shall be largely free from reinforcing steel,trash; wood; ro
23、ots; vegetation; soft, friable, thin, elongated orlaminated pieces; disintegrated material; and hazardousmaterials, and also shall be free from solvents or othercontaminating substances.5.2.2 Each incoming load of asphalt and/or concrete shall bevisually inspected at the facility for deleterious mat
24、erials priorto loading materials to the crusher.5.3 The requirements for finished product are:5.3.1 The final recycled aggregate shall be free (total of nomore than 1 % by mass) of organic and deleterious materialssuch as wood, metal, plaster, rubbery material (for example,tires, carpet pads), glass
25、 and geosynthetics, when these mate-rials are not classified as solid waste.5.3.2 The final recycled aggregate may contain clay brick orclay tile up to 20 % by weight. Users can specify a differentvalue for brick or clay tile content.5.3.3 The final recycled aggregate product shall conform tothe gr
26、adation requirement given in Table 1 based on ASTMD2940 and shall be of such nature that it can be compactedreadily under watering and rolling to form a firm stable base.NOTE 3Additional material characteristics also can be specified forRAB. Durability can be evaluated and having a loss of no more t
27、han 50 %by the Los Angeles abrasion test (following C131 or C535 as appropriate)can be used for guidance. For RAP with binder and/or asphalt content,having a loss of no more than 20 % by the Micro-Deval test (followingD6928) can be used as guidance. The asphalt content (determined usingD6307) of the
28、 final recycled aggregate product also may be specified. Inaddition, if the incoming material is sourced from concrete known to haveexperienced either D-cracking or alkali silica reaction (ASR), freeze/thawdurability and alkali-reactivity of the recycled aggregate product can bedetermined. Furthermo
29、re, the ratio of RAB in a mixture with otheraggregates may be specified based on intended end use.6. Sampling and Testing for Gradation and DeleteriousMaterials6.1 Sample each finished product, in accordance with Prac-tice D75 or in accordance with the requirement of the govern-ing transportation ag
30、ency. Sampling shall be done at a rateestablished by the local transportation agency or at a rate oftwo samples per day per active stockpile. Thoroughly mix thesample and reduce it to an amount suitable for testing using theapplicable procedures described in Practice C702. The samplefor the test sha
31、ll be approximately the quantity desired whendry and shall be the end result of the reduction procedure.Reduction to an exact predetermined quantity is not required.6.2 Perform gradation testing on two separate specimensobtained from each reduced sample. Gradation testing shall beconducted in confor
32、mance with ASTM C117 and C136 withthe exception that the drying temperature shall not exceed60C for recycled asphalt pavement. Gradation testing shall beperformed after separating deleterious materials.6.3 Determine mass percentage of deleterious materials foreach gradation specimen. Identify delete
33、rious materials byTABLE 1 Aggregate Grading Requirements for RAB (ASTM D2940)Sieve SizeADesign Range(Percentage Passing by Mass)Tolerances(Percentage Passing by Mass)Bases Subbases Bases Subbases50.0 mm (2 in.) 100 100 2 337.5 mm (1.5 in.) 95-100 90-100 5 519.0 mm (0.750 in.) 70-92 89.5 mm (0.375 in
34、) 50-70 84.75 mm (No. 4) 35-55 30-60 8 100.60 mm (No. 30) 12-25 50.075 mm (No. 200) 0-8 0-12 3 5ASieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not representa different standard sieve size.
35、D8038 162visual inspection and determine their mass as percentage of themass of total specimen used for gradation testing (see 6.2).6.4 Average values of all sieve size determinations anddeleterious materials percentages for all samples shall complywith the requirements above. Noncompliance shall ne
36、cessitatethe entire stockpile to be rejected.7. Operator and Facility Qualifications7.1 GeneralOperator shall:7.1.1 Secure a supply of reclaimed asphalt and concrete,stockpile it, process/crush the material, and test and stockpilethe RAB product.7.1.2 Be compliant with local, state, and federal soli
37、d wastemanagement rules, laws, and regulations.7.1.3 Be compliant with air quality requirements and otherrelevant local, state and federal rules, laws and regulations.7.1.4 Have the necessary plans in place for protectingworker health/safety and the environment.7.1.5 Meet recycled aggregate material
38、 quality standardsspecified herein prescribed to ensure optimum performancewhen used in the construction of roads, highways, foundations,and other structures.7.1.6 Meet other stockpiling, sampling, and testing require-ments specified herein.7.1.7 Be compliant with any local, state, and federal solid
39、waste management plan.7.1.8 Be compliant with any other additional local solidwaste handling regulations or requirements.7.1.9 Be compliant with all local, state, and federal stan-dards and have notified the jurisdictional health departmentthat the facility is crushing asphalt and/or concrete.7.1.10
40、 Have in place a workplace accident prevention pro-gram that addresses workplace hazards in accordance withstate and federal requirements.7.1.11 Provide certification as presented in the AppendixX1.8. Keywords8.1 recycled aggregate base; recycled asphalt pavement;recycled concrete aggregateAPPENDIX(
41、Nonmandatory Information)X1. FACILITY AND MATERIAL CERTIFICATION FORMX1.1 See Fig. X1.1.D8038 163FIG. X1.1 Facility and Material Certification FormD8038 164ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard
42、 Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed
43、every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible te
44、chnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
45、ocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 165
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