ASTM D8047-2017 red 7500 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a Caterpillar C13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine《卡特彼勒C13直喷式.pdf

1、Designation: D8047 16D8047 17Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a CaterpillarC13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive DieselEngine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8047; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use by laborat

3、ories that make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC)2 services (see Annex A1).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalibrated by the T

4、MC.In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such astheAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Re

5、viewCommittee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the Test Purchaser) h

6、as an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test

7、 method evaluates an engine oils resistance to aeration in automotive diesel engine service. It is commonly referredto as the Caterpillar-C13 Engine-OilAeration Test (COAT). The test is conducted under high-engine-speed (1800 rmin), zero-loadconditions using a specified Caterpillar 320 kW, direct-in

8、jection, turbocharged, after-cooled, six-cylinder diesel engine designedfor heavy-duty, on-highway truck use. This test method was developed as a replacement for Test Method D6894.NOTE 1Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the

9、 latest revision ofSpecification D4485.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalent, for example, screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubingsize.1.3

10、This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. See Annex A2 for gen

11、eral safety precautions.1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 31 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automot

12、ive Lubricants.Current edition approved June 1, 2016May 1, 2017. Published July 2016May 2017. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8047 16.DOI: 10.1520/D8047-16.10.1520/D8047-17.2 Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will upd

13、ate changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information lettersmay be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. 15206-4489, Attention Administrator. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all information letters through No. 16-1. h

14、ttp:/www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends tha

15、t users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C

16、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SectionSummary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Engine Liquids and Cleaning Solvent 7Preparation of Apparatus 8Engine Stand Calibration and Non-Reference-Oil Tests 9Procedure 10Calculation, Test Validity and Test Results 11Report 12Precision

17、and Bias 13Keywords 14ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1Safety Precautions Annex A2Engine and Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3Oil Temperature Control System Annex A4Engine Modifications and Instrumentation Annex A5External Oil System Annex A6Aeration Measurement System Annex A7Specifie

18、d Units and Formats Annex A8ASTM TMC: Calibration Procedures Annex A9ASTM TMC: Maintenance Activities Annex A10ASTM TMC: Related Information Annex A11Engine Break-in and Silicon Passivation Procedure Annex A12Schedule for Taking Oil Samples and Carrying outAnalysesAnnex A13Determination of Operation

19、al Validity Annex A14Specification for PC-10 ULSD Fuel Annex A15Typical System Configuration Appendix X11.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Internatio

20、nal Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pe

21、nsky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Visco

22、sity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products

23、 by Potentiometric TitrationD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate FuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil

24、(Accelerated Method)D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Ter

25、minology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrome

26、try (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of theAromatic Content and PolynuclearAromatic Content of Diesel Fuels andAviationTurbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid ChromatographyD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine F

27、uel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(SLBOCLE)3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annu

28、al Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.D8047 172D6894 Test Method for Evaluation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive DieselEngineD7549 Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine O

29、ils under High Output ConditionsCaterpillar C13 Test ProcedureE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associated with self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driv

30、en by internalcombustion engines. D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that portion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixture thatleaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase during operation. D41753.1.3 break-in, vin internal combustion engines, the running of a n

31、ew engine under prescribed conditions to help stabilizeengine response and help remove initial friction characteristics associated with new engine parts. D41753.1.4 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a measuring device or a given engine with respect to a standard.D41753.1.5 calibra

32、ted test stand, na test stand on which the testing of reference material(s), conducted as specified in the standard,provided acceptable test results.3.1.5.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant standard test methods, theASTM Test Monitoring Center provides testing guidance and determinesaccepta

33、bility. D41753.1.6 calibration oil, , nan oil that is used to determine the indication or output of a measuring device or a given engine withrespect to a standard. D41753.1.7 calibration test, nan engine test conducted on a reference oil under carefully prescribed conditions, the results of whichare

34、 used to determine the suitability of the engine stand/laboratory for such tests on non-reference oils.3.1.7.1 DiscussionA calibration test also includes tests conducted on parts to ensure their suitability for use in reference and non-reference tests.D41753.1.8 candidate oil, nan oil that is intend

35、ed to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification andis to be tested against that specification.3.1.8.1 DiscussionThese oils are mainly submitted for testing as candidates to satisfy a specified performance; hence the designation of the term.D41753.1.9 engine oil, na li

36、quid that reduces friction or wear, or both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes heatparticularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as combustion gas sealant for the piston rings.3.1.9.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhance certain properties. Inhibition of engine rus

37、ting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oiloxidation, and foaming are examples. D41753.1.10 foam, nin liquids, a collection of bubbles formed in the liquid or on (at) its surface in which the air (or gas) is the majorcomponent on a volumetric basis. D41753.1.11 heavy-duty engine, nin internal com

38、bustion engine types, one that is designed to allow operation continuous at or closeto its peak output.3.1.11.1 DiscussionThis type of engine is typically installed in large trucks and buses as well as farm, industrial, and construction equipment. D4175D8047 1733.1.12 lubricant, nany material interp

39、osed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between them.D41753.1.13 lubricant test monitoring system (LTMS), nan analytical system in which ASTM calibration test data are used tomanage lubricant test precision and severity (bias). D41753.1.14 mass fraction of B, wB,nmass o

40、f a component B in a mixture divided by the total mass of all the constituents of themixture.3.1.14.1 DiscussionValues are expressed as pure numbers or the ratio of two units of mass (for example, mass fraction of lead is wB = 1.3 10-6 =1.3 mg/kg).3.1.15 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a refe

41、rence oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.D41753.1.16 quality index (QI), na mathematical formula that uses data from controlled properties to calculate a value indicativeof control performance. D41753.1.17 quantity, nin the SI, a measurable property of a body or su

42、bstance where the property has a magnitude expressed asthe product of a number and a unit; there are seven, well-defined base quantities (length, time, mass, temperature, amount ofsubstance, electric current, and luminous intensity) from which all other quantities are derived (for example, volume, w

43、hose SI unitis the cubic metre).3.1.17.1 DiscussionSymbols for quantities must be carefully defined; are written in italic font, can be upper or lower case, and can be qualified byadding further information in subscripts, or superscripts, or in parentheses (for example, Tfuel = 40 C, where T is used

44、 as thesymbol for the quantity temperature and Tfuel is the symbol for the specific quantity fuel temperature).3.1.18 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.18.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the

45、 performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (suchas seals) that interact with oils. D41753.1.19 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in an established procedure.3.1.19.1 DiscussionIt can be any oil selected by the laboratory conducting the test. It could be an experimental produ

46、ct or a commercially availableoil. Often it is an oil that is a candidate for approval against engine oil specifications (such as manufacturers or militaryspecifications, and so forth). D41753.1.20 volume fraction of B, B,nvolume of component B divided by the total volume of the all the constituents

47、 of the mixtureprior to mixing.3.1.20.1 DiscussionValues are expressed as pure numbers or the ratio of two units of volume (for example, B = 0.012 = 1.2 % = 1.2 cL/L).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aeration, nin liquids,lubricants, the action of impregnating with air that f

48、orms foam bubbles in or on the surface of aliquidlubricant or is entrained as a dispersion in that liquid.lubricant.3.2.2 flush, nthe action of cleaning out the engine oil system using new test oil to remove any residues as well as to minimizepossible carryover effect from the previous test oil.3.3

49、Abbreviations and Acronyms:3.3.1 ACERTAdvanced Combustion Emission Reduction Technology3.3.2 ACMAlkyl Acrylate Copolymer3.3.3 BLBaseline (refers to density of fresh, un-aerated oil at 90 C)3.3.4 BOTBeginning of TestD8047 1743.3.5 CARBCalifornia Air Resources Board3.3.6 Cat4abbreviation for Caterpillar3.3.7 COATCaterpillar-C13 Oil-Aeration Test3.3.8 ELC5Extended-Life Coolant3.3.9 EOATEngine-Oil Aeration Test3.3.10 ETEngine Technician3.3.11 EOTEnd of Test3.3.12 FDMFlow and Density Meter3.3.13 ICP-AESInductively Coupled Pl