1、Designation: D8048 16aD8048 17Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-13 Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8048; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method is written for use by laboratories that use the portions of the test method that referto ASTM Test Monit
3、oring Center (TMC)2 services (see Annex A1).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalibrated by the TMC.In general, the Test Purchaser dec
4、ides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such astheAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant ReviewCommittee of the Lubricant Review
5、 Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand w
6、as operating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply d
7、isregard these portions.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for oxidation performance characteristicsin an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel.2 This test method is commonlyreferred to
8、as the Volvo T-13.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalent, such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters,tubing size, and single source s
9、upply equipment specifications.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations
10、 prior to use. See Annex A10 for specific safety precautions.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations i
11、ssuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Pr
12、oducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016May 1, 2017. Published January 2017May 2017. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 asD8048 16.D8048 16a. DOI: 10.152
13、0/D8048-16A.10.1520/D8048-17.2 The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM TestMonitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator. This edition incorpo
14、rates revisions in all Information Letters through No.161.16-4.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM websit
15、e.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior e
16、ditions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
17、959. United States1D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon
18、Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ram
19、sbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate FuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petrole
20、um Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence S
21、pectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative De
22、nsity, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Active A
23、PI Service Category Engine OilsD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test
24、 Method for Determination of theAromatic Content and PolynuclearAromatic Content of Diesel Fuels andAviationTurbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid ChromatographyD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by U
25、ltraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel EngineD6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel B
26、lends, and Gasoline-EthanolBlends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations2.2 National Archives and Records Administrat
27、ion:4Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Part 86.310-793. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity of which is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is coded reference oil that is submitted by a source independent from the test facility. D41
28、753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that portion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixture thatleaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase during operation.3.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a device (for example, thermometer, manometer, and
29、engine) withrespect to that of a standard.3.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification andis intended to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing of exhaust gas with int
30、ake air to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides(NOx). D41753.1.6 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power output and internaltemperatures that are close to the potential maximums. D41754 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superint
31、endent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.D8048 1723.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion engine types, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or closeto its peak output.3.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a r
32、eference oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.D41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted in conformance with the requirements in the standard test method; suchas running on an uncalibrated test stand, using different test equipment, applying differen
33、t equipment assembly procedures, or usingmodified operating conditions. D41753.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oil with an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested as sludge formation, varnish formation, viscos
34、ity increase, or corrosion,or combination thereof.3.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (s
35、uchas seals) that interact with oils. D41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit, principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation productsfrom fuel combustion and the lubricant that does not drain from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.13 sta
36、ndard test, na test on a calibrated test stand, using the prescribed equipment in accordance with the requirementsin the test method, and conducted in accordance with the specified operating conditions.3.1.14 test parameter, na specified component, property, or condition of a test procedure.3.1.14.1
37、 DiscussionExamples of components are fuel, lubricant, reagent, cleaner, and sealer; of properties are density, temperature, humidity, pressure,and viscosity; and of conditions are flow rate, time, speed, volume, length, and power. D41753.1.15 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard, dry, g
38、enerally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solvents butnot by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.16 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, generally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and resultingfrom mechanical or chemical action or a combination of both. D41754. Summary of T
39、est Method4.1 The test operation involves use of aVolvo/Mack D13/MP8 diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR).Awarm-upand a 1 h break-in are followed by a single-phase test consisting of 360 h at 1500 r/min and fuel flow of 68.0 kg/h.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscos
40、ity increase, oxidation, and wear metals content.4.3 Rebuild the engine prior to each test. Disassemble, solvent-clean, measure, and rebuild the engine power section using allnew pistons, rings, cylinder liners, and connecting rod bearings, in strict accordance with furnished specifications.4.4 Solv
41、ent-clean the engine crankcase and replace worn or defective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories for controlling speed, fuel flow, and various engine operating conditions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the oxidation resistance performanc
42、e of engine oils in turbocharged andintercooled four-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR and running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. Obtain results from used oilanalysis and component measurements before and after test.5.2 The test method may be used for engine oil specification acceptance when
43、all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is a Volvo/Mack D13/MP8, electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unit injectors. It isan open-chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged, charge air-cooled, and com
44、pression ignition engine.6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relatively free of dirt and other contaminants as required by good laboratorystandards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, and controlling humidity in the engine buildup area helps prevent accumulationof dirt and other co
45、ntaminants on engine parts and aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 Test Engine:D8048 1736.2.1 Volvo T-13 Test EngineThe engine is available from TEI.Alist of test parts to be replaced for each test is shown in TableA6.1. Use test parts on a first-in/first-out basis. A complete eng
46、ine parts list is available from the TMC website.6.2.1.1 The engine should be mounted with the flywheel perpendicular to the floor and tilted 4 toward the intake manifold sideof the engine.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Volvo coolant filter shown inor Mack branded coolant filter, with
47、out additives, TableA6.1, every test, to limitscaling in the cooling system. Pressurize the system at the expansion tank to 103 kPa. Use the coolant described in 7.3.1.6.2.2.2 Remove the thermostat and replace it with a sleeve (P/N 21474103) and seal (P/N 1549651).6.2.2.3 Use a closed-loop, pressuri
48、zed external engine cooling system composed of a heat exchanger, reservoir, and water-outtemperature control valve. The system shall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatures within the specified limit.Install a sight glass between the engine and the cooling tower to check for air entr
49、ainment and uniform flow in an effort to observeand prevent localized boiling.6.2.2.4 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external EGR cooling system composed of a heat exchanger, reservoir, and coolant-outtemperature control valve. The system shall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatures within the specified limit.Install a sight glass between the EGR cooler and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment and uniform flow in an effort toobserve and prevent localized boiling. The coolant flow direction is to be parallel (concurrent) with t
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