1、Designation: D8112 17Standard Guide forObtaining In-Service Samples of Turbine Operation RelatedLubricating Fluid1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8112; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONOil analysis is one of widely accepted condition monitoring techniques by the modern industry. Thistechnology, howev
3、er, depends on obtaining a representative sample of the fluid from the operatingsystem. Although some information on sampling procedure for condition monitoring is provided in anumber of different standards, there is a lack of a clear reference addressing all related issues in onedocument. The inten
4、d of this new standard is an attempt to provide all critical information related tofluid sampling for condition monitoring from steam and gas turbines as well as from other auxiliaryequipment in power generating industry in one document.1. Scope1.1 This guide is applicable for collecting representat
5、ivefluid samples for the effective condition monitoring of steamand gas turbine lubrication and generator cooling gas sealingsystems in the power generation industry. In addition, thisguide is also applicable for collecting representative samplesfrom power generation auxiliary equipment including hy
6、drau-lic systems.1.2 The fluid may be used for lubrication of turbine-generator bearings and gears, for sealing generator cooling gasas well as a hydraulic fluid for the control system. The fluid istypically supplied by dedicated pumps to different points in thesystem from a common or separate reser
7、voirs. Some largesteam turbine lubrication systems may also have a separatehigh pressure pump to allow generation of a hydrostatic fluidfilm for the most heavily loaded bearings prior to rotation. Forsome components, the lubricating fluid may be provided in theform of splashing formed by the system
8、components movingthrough fluid surfaces at atmospheric pressure.1.3 Turbine lubrication and hydraulic systems are primarilylubricated with petroleum based fluids but occasionally alsouse synthetic fluids.1.4 For large lubrication and hydraulic turbine systems, itmay be beneficial to extract multiple
9、 samples from differentlocations for determining the condition of a specific compo-nent.1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.1.5.1 The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated
10、 with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recogniz
11、ed principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operat
12、ing Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating LiquidsD3326 Practice for Preparation of Samples for Identificationof Waterborne OilsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and
13、 LubricantsD4289 Test Method for Elastomer Compatibility of Lubri-cating Greases and Fluids1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems an
14、d Systems.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D8112-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Documen
15、t Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Prin
16、ciples for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D4378 Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Tur-bine Oils for Steam, Gas, and Combined Cycle TurbinesD6224 Practice for In-Serv
17、ice Monitoring of Lubricating Oilfor Auxiliary Power Plant EquipmentD7464 Practice for Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, As-sociated Materials and Fuel System Components forMicrobiological Testing2.2 American National Standard Institute Standards:3B93.19 Method for Extraction Fluid Samples from the L
18、inesof an Operating Hydraulic Fluid Power System (forParticulate Contamination Analysis)B93.44 Method for Extracting Fluid Samples from theReservoir of an Operating Hydraulic Fluid Power System2.3 ISO Standards:3ISO 3165 Sampling of chemical products for industrialuseSafety in samplingISO 3170 Petro
19、leum LiquidsManual SamplingISO 4406 Hydraulic fluid powerFluidsMethod for cod-ing the level of contamination by solid particles2.4 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:4SAE J517 Hydraulic HoseSAE J1273 Recommended Practices for Hydraulic HoseAssemblies3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms
20、used in this guide, refer toTerminology D4175.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bulk oil tote, nany container for lubrication orcontrol fluid with working volume of approximately 1000 to1300 L designed for fluid storage at atmospheric pressure.3.2.2 continuous sampling loop, n
21、a limited flow of fluidfrom a point in a pressurized system to a point of lowerpressure used to decrease required purge fluid and sample timeduring the sampling process.3.2.3 disposable sample tubing, nany single-use flexibleplastic tubing used to transfer fluid during the samplingprocess.3.2.4 drai
22、n sampling, na method of sampling used fluidfor non-pressurized reservoirs or lines occurring when thelubricating fluid is being drained from the reservoir during afluid change.3.2.4.1 DiscussionAs part of a fluid change, the drain plugis removed to allow the fluid to drain into an appropriatecontai
23、ner under gravity. Mid way through the draining, asample bottle is filled by placing it in the fluid stream and oncefilled immediately capped.3.2.5 drop tube sampling, na method of sampling usedfluid for non-pressurized reservoirs when sampling is com-pleted by dropping an appropriate length of samp
24、ling tubinginto the reservoir and using a vacuum generating device toextract the sample.3.2.6 permanent sample tube, nany tubing installed in areservoir or pipe used to extract a sample from a specificlocation within the system.3.2.7 purge, vto remove the existing non-representativefluid and contami
25、nants from the sample valve and tubingduring the sampling process.3.2.8 reservoir, nany equipment-based container thatholds a volume of fluid, usually under atmospheric condition,for use in the lubrication, sealing or control process.3.2.9 remote access hose, nany permanently installedmetallic or el
26、astomeric tube or hose used to transfer fluid fromthe system to a point outside the system to facilitate sampling.3.2.10 sample container, na clean, fresh plastic bottleused for system fluid analysis (see section 6.1).3.2.11 sample valve, na system consisting of a male andfemale component used speci
27、fically for the extraction of a fluidsample either by internal system pressure or by an externallygenerated vacuum.3.2.11.1 DiscussionThe male component, referred to as aprobe, may be for one time use or permanently attached to thefemale component, referred to as a sample valve, is used byeither thr
28、eading the probe onto the valve or pushing the probeinto the valve for the purpose of opening the valve andallowing fluid to flow out.3.2.12 sample valve sampling, vto obtain a sample fromeither pressurized or non pressurized lines or reservoirs.3.2.12.1 DiscussionWhen sampling non-pressurized res-e
29、rvoirs this sampling method usually applies a vacuum gener-ating device and sampling tubing to extract a sample into asampling container from a strategically located sampling valve.When sampling pressurized reservoirs or lines, this samplingmethod is completed by using system pressure to forcelubric
30、ating fluid into a sampling container through a samplingvalve.3.2.13 vacuum generating device, na pump used to createa low pressure in a sample container to cause fluid to movefrom a non-pressurized reservoir to the container throughdisposable tubing.3.2.14 weighted drop tube device, na mass attache
31、d to apiece of steel or stainless steel tubing with a method to attachdisposable sampling tubing to the steel or stainless steel tubing.3.2.14.1 DiscussionThis device is used during drop tubesampling.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide assists users in extracting representativein-service fluid samples
32、 from turbines and related lubricationand control systems primarily found in the power generationindustry. This guide deals both with location of these samplingpoints and the method used to extract the sample.4.2 There is great variation in the methods of samplinglubricating and control fluids in po
33、wer generation turbines;however, most practices are based on the same principles. Thesame procedure should be used for each location on a piece ofequipment. This is to provide sample consistency and improvesample repeatability, which is important for trending sample3Available from American National
34、Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.D8112 172results. This guide presents an example of a simplified lubri-cation system of a power generatio
35、n turbine with potentialprimary and secondary sample locations for condition moni-toring purposes.4.3 Proper fluid sampling procedure must also focus on thesafety of the person taking the sample.4.4 In addition, the system safety should be maintainedensuring a minimum lubricant volume is maintained
36、at alltimes.4.5 It is also essential to prevent potential contamination ofthe sample by following the principles of this standard andproper procedure.4.6 The fluid sampling process should also include propersampling frequencies driven from failure mode and effectanalysis to allow timely scheduling o
37、f corrective maintenanceactivities.5. Significance and Use5.1 Fluid analysis is one of the pillars in determining fluidand equipment conditions. The results of fluid analysis are usedfor planning corrective maintenance activities, if required.5.2 The objective of a proper fluid sampling process is t
38、oobtain a representative fluid sample from critical location(s)that can provide information on both the equipment and thecondition of the lubricant or hydraulic fluid.5.3 The additional objective is to reduce the probability ofoutside contamination of the system and the fluid sampleduring the sampli
39、ng process.5.4 The intent of this guide is to help users in obtainingrepresentative and repeatable fluid samples in a safe mannerwhile preventing system and fluid sample contamination.6. Apparatus Requirements6.1 Requirements for Sample Container:6.1.1 Unless specified otherwise by a laboratory, the
40、 sam-pling container should be a new and transparent containerpreferably constructed of clear polyethylene terephthalate. Thesampling container should preferably be 125 mL (4 fluidounces) or a multiple of this size. If large volumes are required,new, clean, high density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypr
41、opyl-ene (PP) may be used. See Fig. 1.6.1.2 For sampling phosphate ester fluids, the preferablesampling container should be one liter made from low densitypolyethylene (LDPE) or polypropylene (PP). For determiningfluid cleanliness or for collecting high temperature samples, therecommended sample con
42、tainer material is borosilicate glass.6.1.3 In the occasional event that gases in the fluid arerequired to be determined, the sampling container should be anew glass syringe with a three-way valve as outlined inPractice D923 . This syringe and the three-way valve can beinserted as an intermediate de
43、vice between the sampling valveand purge bottle as indicated in Fig. 2.6.1.4 The sampling container should have a threaded upperportion. This is required for closing the cap and for attachingthe sample bottle to the vacuum generating device used toextract the fluid sample.6.1.5 The sampling containe
44、r must hold a vacuum of 11.7kPa absolute (1.7 psia) without collapsing and be appropriatefor the fluid operating temperature.6.1.6 Sampling containers should be supplied with the capfully tightened. Sampling containers should be supplied withan average ISO cleanliness code of 9/7/4.6.1.7 In dirty en
45、vironments, the sampling bottle should besupplied in a clean resealable plastic bag. This arrangementallows the vacuum pump to be directly threaded to the bottlethrough the plastic bag then permitting the tubing to puncturethe plastic membrane. This minimizes the possibility of exter-nal contaminati
46、on entering the sample bottle. See Fig. 3.6.1.8 Under no circumstance should sample containers bereused.6.2 Requirement for Purging Bottle:6.2.1 Typical purging bottle should be constructed of highdensity polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP) of 500 mL(16 oz) capacity or more.6.2.2 The neck of t
47、he purge bottle should have the samethread as the vacuum pump.6.3 Requirement for Disposable Sample Tubing:6.3.1 If tubing is required to move the fluid from thereservoir to the sample bottle it should be constructed of highdensity polyethylene (HDPE). Suggested sizes can be 4.7 mmoutside diameter,
48、6.4 mm outside diameter or 7.9 mm outsidediameter with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm. The sampling tubingmust hold a vacuum of 11.7 kPa absolute (1.7 psia) withoutcollapsing. Sampling tubing should be supplied in a fullysealed container and be used only for one sampling processafter which it should be
49、disposed of responsibly.6.4 Requirements for Weighted Drop Tube Device:FIG. 1 Examples of Typical Sample Bottles FIG. 2 Example of a Dissolved Gas DeviceD8112 1736.4.1 Appropriate mass with an attached stainless steel tubewith appropriately sized openings and a secure method toattach the disposable sample tubing. See Fig. 4.6.5 Requirements for a Vacuum Generating Device:6.5.1 The vacuum generating device is threaded to thesampling containers described in 6.1 and must generate avacuum of 34 kPa absolute or greater in less than 30 s. Themethod of attaching the
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