1、Designation: D8115 17Standard Test Method forRubber PropertyAbrasion Resistance (Multi-DirectionalPlatform Abrader)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8115; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of abrasionresistance of rubbers (vulcanized thermoset rubbers and ther-mo
3、plastic elastomers) that are subject to abrasive/frictionalwear in actual service. The abrasion resistance is measured bysimultaneously moving 4 test pieces across the surface ofabrasive sheets in a soft lissajous movement, and is expressedas volume loss in cubic millimeters where a smaller numberin
4、dicates better abrasion resistance.1.2 Test results obtained by this test method shall not beassumed to represent the wear behavior of rubber products inactual service.1.3 Results obtained by this test have shown to be similar tothose obtained using Test Method D5963 and ISO 4649.1.4 The values stat
5、ed in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health
6、, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internatio
7、nal Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemical Analy-sisD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD5963 Test Method for
8、 Rubber PropertyAbrasion Resis-tance (Rotary Drum Abrader)E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 868 Plastics and EboniteDetermination of Indentati
9、onHardness by Means of a Durometer (Shore Hardness)ISO 2781 Rubber, VulcanizedDetermination of DensityISO 4649 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplasticDetermination of abrasion resistance using a rotatingcylindrical drum deviceISO 7619 RubberDetermination of Indentation Hardnessby Means of Pocket Hardnes
10、s Meters3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 abrasion loss, A, (mm3), nthe volume loss of adefined rubber test piece determined by sliding the test pieceunder specified conditions over the surface of an abrasive sheetmounted to an abrading table of specified dimensions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Th
11、is test method provides procedures for preparing testpieces of specified dimensions from vulcanized thermosetrubbers or thermoplastic elastomers and for evaluating theirabrasion resistance by sliding a test piece across the surface ofan abrasive paper attached to an abrading table.4.2 The test is pe
12、rformed under specified conditions ofcontact pressure, sliding distance, travel speed of the test piece,and the degree of abrasiveness of the abrasive sheet. These areoutlined in 7.1.4.3 The abrasion resistance is reported as abrasion loss(volume) in cubic millimeters and is calculated from the mass
13、1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand Rubber-like Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.15on Degradation Tests.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. DOI:10.1520/D8115-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit
14、the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC
15、II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles
16、on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1loss of the test piece and density of the test rubber. A smallernumber indicates
17、a higher resistance to abrasion.5. Significance and Use5.1 Abrasion resistance is a performance factor of para-mount importance for many rubber products, such as tires,conveyor belts, power transmission belts, hoses, footwear, andfloor covering. A test capable of measuring resistance toabrasion of r
18、ubber, including uniformity of wear behaviorunder abrasive/frictional service conditions is therefore highlydesirable.5.2 This test method may be used to estimate the relativeabrasion resistance of different rubbers. Since conditions ofabrasive wear in service are complex and vary widely, no directc
19、orrelation between this accelerated test and actual perfor-mance can be assumed.5.3 This test method is suitable for comparative testing,quality control, specification compliance testing, refereepurposes, and research and development work.6. Limitations6.1 Test pieces containing voids or porosity, o
20、r both, willyield unreliable test results.6.2 Test pieces that bounce (chatter) over the surface of theabrasive sheet rather than running smoothly will produceinaccurate test results and are not candidates for this testmethod.6.3 Test pieces that tend to extensively smear the surface ofthe abrasive
21、sheet will provide meaningless test results.6.4 Test results obtained under any of the above conditionsshall not be used to reach conclusions regarding the relativeabrasion resistance of rubbers.7. Apparatus and Materials7.1 Multi-Directional Platform Abrader:7.1.1 The Multi-directional Platform abr
22、ader4consists of amachine frame holding one or more test piece holders movingin a soft lissajous pattern, a corresponding number of abrasiontables to which an abrasive sheet can be fastened, and a drivesystem (example shown in Fig. 1).7.1.2 The non-rotating test piece holders grip the specimens(exam
23、ple shown in Fig. 2). Sample protrusions of 2.0 6 0.2mm are set by shims. The combined weight of the test pieceholder and spindle assembly apply a force of 6 6 0.1 N on thespecimen.7.1.3 The soft lissajous pattern, measuring 60 mm by 60mm 6 1 mm is shown in Fig. 3.7.1.4 The abrasion tables, measurin
24、g 121 6 1 mm diameterare shown in Fig. 4.7.1.5 Air nozzles are provided for each abrasion table toblow away any debris and help to prevent clogging of theabrasive paper. Air pressure should be sufficient to removedebris from the abrasive paper, up to a maximum of 8 Bar. Careshould be taken that the
25、air pressure does not lift the specimenoff of the abrasive paper.7.1.6 The machine operates at 48 rpm.7.1.7 The abrasive sheet shall be secured tightly to theabrading tables using clamp rings or an equivalent method. SeeFig. 4.4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at thi
26、s timeis James Heal, Lake View, Halifax, UK HX3 6EP. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Multi-Dir
27、ectional Platform AbraderD8115 1727.1.8 The test piece holder shall be mounted on to thespindle assembly which is then inserted into position in themachine frame. See the final assembly in Fig. 4.7.1.9 The center axis of the test piece holder shall beperpendicular to the abrading table.7.1.10 The te
28、st piece holder shall consist of an aperturesufficient to grip the specimen without distortion of thespecimen.7.1.11 Avacuum hose may be used to aid removal of debris.7.2 Abrasive PaperSilicon carbide abrasive paper of 140mm diameter shall be used as the abrasive medium.7.2.1 The abrasive paper shal
29、l be of an abrasiveness as tocause a mass loss between 190 and 210 mg on Standard Rubber#1 specified in Section 8. As this abrasive paper is commer-cially available it is possible that the abrasiveness may changebetween lots and therefore the number of rubs required toachieve between 190 and 210 mg
30、weight loss when tested onStandard Rubber #1 specified in Section 8 may change andshall be recorded in the test report.7.3 Test Specimen Cutting:7.3.1 When obtaining test specimens a cutting jig may beused. See Fig. 5.FIG. 2 Test Piece Holder and Spindle AssemblyFIG. 3 Soft LissajousD8115 1737.3.2 A
31、lternative means of cutting specimens, such asmolding, maybe used so long as the specimen dimensions arewithin the tolerances allowed. See Section 9.8. Standard Rubber8.1 Standard Rubber #1 as specified in Test Method D5963is used to verify the abrasiveness of the abrasive paper sheet.9. Preparation
32、 of Test Specimens9.1 Test specimens are rectangular blocks with dimensionsof 15 mm by 15 mm (60.2 mm) and a depth between 6 mmand 10 mm (60.2 mm).FIG. 4 Abrasion Tables with Air NozzlesFIG. 5 Specimen Cutting JigD8115 1749.2 Test specimens are obtained from sheets, vulcanized orformed in an appropr
33、iate mold, between 6 mm and 10 mm inthickness, using the cutting jig in accordance with 7.3.9.3 If test specimens of the required thickness are notavailable, the necessary thickness may be obtained by bondingspecimen of at least 2 mm (0.08 in.) to a base piece having adurometer hardness of no less t
34、han Type A80/1 (see TestMethod D2240, ISO 868, or ISO 7619).9.3.1 Care shall be taken that test specimens prepared in thismanner are not abraded to the bond line during the course ofthe testing procedure.9.3.2 Exposing the bond during the test procedure invali-dates the test determination.9.4 When t
35、esting finished products, such as fabric-reinforced conveyor belts, test specimens shall be obtaineddirectly, when possible, from the entire finished product,including the fabric or any integral layers. They may beobtained from test pieces, when necessary.9.4.1 In this case, it is also important tha
36、t test specimens(having been obtained from the finished product or sample) arenot abraded to an adhesive layer, layer of fabric, or otherintegral, but heterogeneous material, and that only the rubberlayer being tested for abrasion is subjected.9.4.2 Exposing bonded or heterogeneous layers during the
37、test procedure invalidates the test determination.10. Procedure10.1 The test shall be carried out at 23 6 5C (73 6 9F)and no sooner than 16 h after vulcanization or forming of thetest compounds.10.2 The density of the rubbers to be tested shall bedetermined using a hydrostatic method (see Test Metho
38、dsD297 or ISO 2781).10.3 Method:10.3.1 The abrasive sheet shall be tested for abrasiveness toensure a mass loss between 190 and 210 mg on StandardRubber #1, as specified in 7.2.1 and 8.1.10.3.2 If the mass loss of the Standard Rubber #1 fallsbetween 190 and 210 mg then the specimen are abraded for27
39、0 rubs. If the number of rubs required to achieve between190 and 210 mg mass loss differs from 270 rubs then thespecimens are tested according to the required number of rubsand the number of rubs is recorded in the test report.10.3.3 The abrasive sheets shall be mounted on the fourabrading tables. T
40、he sheets shall remain free from folds andcreases during mounting. Secure with the clamp rings.10.3.4 Four test pieces shall be run. The results shall beexpressed as the mean value.10.3.5 The test pieces shall be weighed to the nearest 1 mgand firmly fixed into the holder so that it protrudes 2.0 6
41、0.2mm (0.08 6 0.008 in.) from the opening of the holder.10.3.6 Test the specimens to 270 rubs, unless an alternativenumber of rubs is required (see 10.3.2).10.3.7 After the test the test piece is reweighed to thenearest 1 mg. Any loose material shall be removed from thetest piece prior to weighing.1
42、0.3.8 If very high mass losses are encountered (600 mg ormore per 270 rubs), it may be necessary to terminate the testafter 135 rubs. This shall be noted in the test report and thevolume loss reported for 270 rubs by multiplying the value bytwo.11. Calculation of Test Results11.1 Calculation of Abra
43、sion LossCalculate the abrasionloss, A. A loss in mass (mean value of 4 simultaneous tests)shall be converted into volume loss using the density (volumeloss equals mass loss divided by density) of the test rubber.V 5m12 m231000 (1)where:V = wear volume (mm3)m1= mass of the specimen before (g)m2= mas
44、s of the specimen after (g) = density of the sample (g/cm3)NOTE 1The volumetric wear is determined at each of at least foursamples.NOTE 2The volume loss of non-porous test pieces may also bedetermined by forced immersion in a buoyant medium, such as water,before and after the test run, instead of we
45、ighing the loss in mass andconverting this from the density. The volume for the test piece is thenobtained by weighing the displaced mass of the buoyant medium.12. Test Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Type and identification of the product under test,12.1.2 Date and temperature of
46、 testing,12.1.3 Rubber compound details, if available (rubber type,vulcanization temperature, and time),12.1.4 Density of the test rubbers,12.1.5 Method of test piece preparation (cut or molded),12.1.6 The lot number of the abrasive paper,12.1.7 The numbers of rubs for test specimens,12.1.8 The numb
47、er of rubs required to cause a mass lossbetween 190 and 210 mg for Standard Rubber #1,12.1.9 The mean value of the abrasion loss in mm3,12.1.10 The standard deviation of the test result (optional),and12.1.11 Any deviations from standard test methods, that is,speed, type of abrasive paper, air pressu
48、re.13. Precision and Bias513.1 The precision of this test method is based on anintralaboratory study conducted in 2016. A single laboratoryparticipated in this study, testing three different types of rubbersheets. Every “test result” represents an individual determina-tion. The laboratory reported t
49、hree replicate test results for eachmaterial. Except for the use of only one laboratory, PracticeE691 was followed for the design and analysis of the data.13.1.1 Repeatability (r)The difference between repetitiveresults obtained by the same operator in a given laboratoryapplying the same test method with the same apparatus under5Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D11-1140. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D8115 175constant operating conditions on identical test
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